Quiz 4

Question 1

What is ploidy in terms of cells

Answer 1

refers to the number of sets of chromosomes found in a cell.

Question 2

Diploid Organisms

Answer 2

Have two sets of chromosomes in their cells; for every chromosome in the nucleus, there is another chromosome that is the same shape and size and carries the same genes.

Question 3

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 3

Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs that are similar in length, gene position, and are joined at the centromere.

Question 4

Haploid

Answer 4

Only one of each type of chromosome in the nucleus(i.e. there is no homologous partner for each chromosome).

Question 5

What doe n equal in cell biology

Answer 5

Number of chromosomes
Human gametes are haploid so 2n=23

Question 6

What is an allele?

Answer 6

One of two or more versions of a gene

Question 7

Dominant Alleles?

Answer 7

A dominant allele is the allele expressed when more than one allele is present.

Question 8

Recessive Alleles?

Answer 8

An allele that is masked by a dominant allele when more that one allele is present.

Question 9

Genotype

Answer 9

An ordered list of cells it carries. (Aa, AA, AaBb).

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

Is the physical traits expressed by an organism. (Black Hair, Short).

Question 11

Stages of Meiosis in order

Answer 11

Prophase- Prometaphase 1-Metaphase 1- Anaphase 1- Telophase 1. Interkinesis (Repeats for Meiosis 2)

Question 11

Stages of Meiosis in order

Answer 11

Prophase- Prometaphase 1-Metaphase 1- Anaphase 1- Telophase 1. (Repeats for Meiosis 2)

Question 12

Prophase 1

Answer 12

-1st stage of meiosis.
-Chromosomes condense
-Homologous chromosomes pair up by a process called synapsis to form tetrads

Question 13

Prometaphase 1

Answer 13

2nd stage of meiosis
-Nuclear envelope disintegrates
-Spindles attach to centromeres

Question 14

Metaphase 1

Answer 14

3rd stage of meiosis
-Tetrads are lined up along the middle of the cell

Question 15

Anaphase 1

Answer 15

4th stage of meiosis
- Homologous chromosomes are separated and move to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle apparatus.

Question 16

Telophase 1

Answer 16

5th Stage of meiosis
-Nuclear envelope reforms
-Cytokinesis begins(by a cleavage furrow in animal cells or cell plate in plant cells)
-Each daughter cell contains the haploid number of replicated chromosomes.

Question 17

Meiosis 2

Answer 17

Separates replicated chromosome into single chromosomes

Question 18

Meiosis in plants

Answer 18

Meiosis occurs in diploid cells called sporocytes within reproductive organs called sporangia to form haploid spores.

Question 19

Alternation of generations

Answer 19

Life cycle in plants that have distinct multicellular haploid and diploid stages.
-The diploid generation(Sporophyte) produces haploid spores by meiosis within structures called sporangia.
-Spores undergo meiosis to produce multicellular haploid gametophytes.
-Within the gametophyte reproductive organs will produce gametes(sperm and eggs) by mitosis.

Question 20

sphorophyte

Answer 20

The diploid generation that produces haploid spores by meiosis within structures called sporangia.

Question 21

Gametophyte

Answer 21

A reproductive organ that will produce gametes(sperm and eggs) by mitosis.

Question 22

Chiasma

Answer 22

Chiasmata
-The location where two homologous chromosomes cross over Which is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids.