Quiz #4 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Loss of control such as bed-wetting (________) and involuntary passage of feces (_________) are not considered problematic until the child reaches ______-___.
enuresis, encopresis, school-age
Toilet accidents may happen as a result of changes in the family, such as the _____ of a baby, sibling _______, extreme _______, excitement, anxiety, or _______.
birth, rivalry, fatigue, illness
Tantrums can be an intense ___________, which can be linked to kicking, yelling, screaming, throwing objects, or pulling things.
frustration
The other cluster of emotions has more to do with seeking _______ and can be recognized by __________ and sadness.
comfort, whimpering
Trying to console children while they are angry and frustrated seems to _______ the tantrum and ________ the behavior.
prolong, escalate
Some children react with a tantrum when they are overstimulated or overtired — it may be, during this type of tantrum, it may be best for parents to _____ ___ ______ _______ and to ____ ____ ___ _______ ________
leave the place quickly, deal with the outburst privately
As ____-_________ improves, temper tantrums may lessen.
self-regulation
_____ _________, which can crush the child emotionally, includes belittling, mocking, teasing, inconsistency, sarcasm, ridicule, and discounting the child.
Toxic parenting
What is the term describing, “adult caregivers who exhibit negligence or destructive interactional patterns, potentially scarring and traumatizing those in their care.”
toxic parenting
Children first learn ______ _____ according to parents’ interpretations of masculinity or femininity.
gender roles
Preschoolers typically use ______ _______ ____, such as clothing and hairstyle to recognize someone as male or female.
visible physical cues
Parents should understand that the messages they convey about sexuality, both ______ and _________, will affect children’s attitudes and values when they reach maturity.
verbal, nonverbal
Reggio Emilia focuses more on _____________ learning whereas Montessori focuses on __________ learning.
collaborative, independent
Reggio Emilia classrooms are more ________ and open-ended whereas Montessori areas are more __________.
flexible, structured
Reggio Emilia teachers are seen as ________ and guides whereas Montessori teachers are seen as _________.
partners, directors
Landmarks of Early Childhood - Psychosocial
- Expanding awareness of self, others, and things
- Gaining independence, some self-control and self-efficacy
- High curiosity level
- Beginning socialization experiences (e.g., appropriate social and gender-role behaviors)
- Learns by doing and from trial-and-error
- Play is more social and creative, as well as interactive
What is the “rooting reflex”?
- starts when the corner of the baby’s mouth is stroked or touched
- baby will turn his or her head and open his or her mouth to follow and root in the direction of the stroking
- helps the baby find the breast or bottle to start feeding
- reflex lasts about 4 months
What is “self-efficacy”?
the ability to define a goal, persevere, and see oneself as capable
What is “object permanence”?
means a child understands that things, and people, still exist even when they cannot be seen or heard
What is “goodness-of-fit”?
children’s development is shaped by the interaction between their own characteristics and the environment around them
What is “nonaccidental trauma”?
- The most common cause of mortality
and morbidity associated with child abuse or
maltreatment - This type of trauma or injury is
willfully inflicted.
What is the “sleep-wake” cycle?
- sleep during the first few months after birth is
interrupted only long enough for the baby to
feed - round-the-clock pattern of
alternating periods of sleep with feeding
extends to longer intervals of wakefulness
after the third month - remainder of the time until the infant approaches age 2,
sleep decreases to 10 to 14 hours daily
What does the acronym “PURPLE” stand for?
- Peak of crying
- Unexpected crying
- Resists soothing
- Pain-like face
- Long lasting
- Evening
Toileting usually begins between __ and __
months of age and is typically completed by
__ months.
19, 30, 36
