Quiz 4

Question 1

LIMA

Answer 1

Least intrusive minimally aversive

Question 2

Exposure ladder

Answer 2

Shaping training plan

Question 3

Low-stress handling techniques for cats

Answer 3

Environment: decrease aversive sounds, smells, sights
Cat specific room
Hiding places and perches
Towel wraps
Owner presence
Food distraction and reward
Medication and sedation
Examining in carrier
Time to explore

Question 4

Marker or bridge stimulus

Answer 4

E.g. clicker
Auditory, tactile, or visual cue that communicates precise moment that it is being reinforced

Question 5

Low stress handling techniques for dogs

Answer 5

Environment - decrease aversive sounds, smells, sights
Food distraction and reward
Minimal restraint
Owner presence
Gradient touch and considerate approach
Medications and sedation
Towels and Basket muzzle

Question 6

What are some stressors experienced by dogs and cats in a clinic?

Answer 6

Transport
Novel environment
Unfamiliar people, handling, objects
Pain/discomfort
Often taken away from owner

Question 7

Is it okay to socialize before they are fully vaccinated?

Answer 7

Yes its very important to give them the chance to socialize during their critical period

Question 8

Why is important for vets to pay attention to young animal’s behaviours during vaccines?

Answer 8

Socialization period is happening, we want these experiences to be positive so they are not fearful or aggressive when they grow up

Question 9

Displacement behaviours

Answer 9

Behaviours that look unusual in the context it is interpreted as being a calming “I’m not a threat thing”

Question 10

Body language of canine and feline

Answer 10

Facial tension
Ear position and tension
Posture and weight placement
Tail position and movement
Eyes: pupil size prominence of sclerae
Vocalization
Pilot reaction
Displacement/appeasement/calming/stress behaviours (yawn, lip lick, sniffing, sneezing, shake-off, inguinal check, avoiding visual eye contact, paw lift, rolling over)

Question 11

Which flavour can cats not taste?

Answer 11

Sweet

Question 12

Iatrogenic behavioural injury

Answer 12

Mental emotional and psychological harm can be caused by veterinary staff so we should be able to identify it and come up with ways to treat or prevent it

Question 13

Describe some impacts on URI in shelter cats?

Answer 13

Housing (cage floor space >8ft2, hiding spaces), social and sensory stressors (social contact)

Question 14

Why should vets care about stress?

Answer 14

Stress impacts physiology, disease and healing

Question 15

Why should vets care about behaviour?

Answer 15

Behavioural shifts are reasons for vet consult
Behaviour is integral to human-animal bond
Patient behaviour can impact physical exam, hospitalization, interpreting diagnostics, anesthetic protocols, and viable treatments
Tightly linked with physical and emotional welfare

Question 16

Animal welfare audits - what are they?

Answer 16

Certification programs
set standards and
guidelines for the
humane care of various
livestock species such as
cattle, swine, sheep, and
poultry. Once a farm is
certified, these programs
will perform periodic
audits to ensure
compliance with the
program

Question 17

What is the goal of animal welfare audits?

Answer 17

to evaluate whether a farm is meeting the
standards of the specific program. Every Animal Welfare Assurance Program has their own set of standards (Proudfoot, 2018).

Question 18

What are animal welfare assurance programs

Answer 18

A response to public concern over the welfare of food animals. it helps ensure but not guarantee social license to operate

Question 19

Who audits? What are the categories?

Answer 19

First party
Second Party
Third Party

Question 20

First party auditor

Answer 20

internal - conflict of interest
a person employed by the farm - may be able to compare to other farms they have worked on. It can be in preparation to second party audit

Question 21

Second party auditor

Answer 21

external - can be people working closely with the farm though.
e.g. a veterinarian or ProAction (canadian dairy)

Question 22

Third party auditor

Answer 22

External - non affiliated
A person or organization independent of the
consumer-supplier relationship and is free of any
conflict of interest.
* E.g., PAACO (Professional Animal Auditor
Certification Organization) or SPCA Certified9

Question 23

What are the different type of animal welfare assurance programs?

Answer 23

Non-mandatory welfare codes and guidelines
Product differentiation (labelling) programs
Corporate specifications
Regulations (laws)

NPC - R

Question 24

What type of animal welfare assurance group would proAction be?

Answer 24

Non-mandatory welfare codes and guidelines

Question 25

Example of regulations regarding animal welfare assessment at the federal level

Answer 25

Health of Animals Act (Transport and Slaughter) enforced by the Canadian Food Inspection

Question 26

Example of regulations regarding animal welfare assessment at the provincial level

Answer 26

The animal care act in manitoba

Question 27

Product differention

Answer 27

Labels products produced with a higher welfare standard. * Consumers may elect to purchase these products. * Typically sold at higher price than conventional products.

Question 28

What are resource based (or input based) measures regarding animal welfare measures?

Answer 28

specify certain environmental requirements, identification of risk factors for animal-based measures. E.g. environmental enrichment, access to water, bunk space

Question 29

What animal based measure could tell you if animals have poor quality food or poor access to food?

Answer 29

Body condition score Manure

Question 30

Protocol or management based measure for audits:

Answer 30

Identify certain actions that should be taken in specific circumstances (e.g., down cow, euthanasia, painful procedures)

Question 31

Animal or outcome based measures for audits:

Answer 31

assesses actual state of welfare of the animal, without specifying how it should be achieved

Question 32

Examples of animal or outcome based measures for audits

Answer 32

- % lame animals - % poor body condition - % dirty animals (udder, legs, flank) - % injuries (hock, neck, knee, broken tails) - % abnormal behavior - % falling or vocalizing during handling

Question 33

Where should you look to assess dirty animals?

Answer 33

Udders Legs Flank

Question 34

Gait score scale

Answer 34

1-5

Question 35

Injuries score scale

Answer 35

1-3

Question 36

Cleanliness score scale

Answer 36

0-2

Question 37

What does assessment or auditing lead to?

Answer 37

Pass or fail component

Question 38

What kind of vision do horses have?

Answer 38

Dichromatic, wide field, monocular and binocular Facial expression awareness

Question 39

Do horses have a flehmen response?

Answer 39

Yes Vomeronasal organ

Question 40

Horses are designed to forage more than half the day. How does this relate to their welfare needs?

Answer 40

In captivity we often stall them (not allowing for movement) individually and feed them meals of high concentrate feeding leading to medical and psychological problems.

Question 41

3 Fs of equine welfare

Answer 41

1. Friends 2. Forage 3. Freedom

Question 42

Why is it important to avoid labeling our patients based on behaviour?

Answer 42

Anthropomorphism is not always helpful - they are animals and are reacting out of instinct and fear. It won’t help the way we interact with the animal the next time. The onus is on the humans with the goal to help the patient be successful

Question 43

Trigger stacking

Answer 43

When many small stressors increase the sensitivity of the learner over time

Question 44

Examples of equine low stress handling techniques

Answer 44

Environment (lighting, sounds, familiarity) Basic needs Conspecifics (friends) Decrease trigger stacking Handling (gentle and calm, distraction techniques) Pain meds and sedation Future planning Counter conditioning

Question 45

ABC’s of Behaviour

Answer 45

A = Antecedent B = Behaviour C = Consequence

Question 46

Hynes’ Core Mottos

Answer 46

Behaviour is always occurring, animals are always learning, learners determine what is reinforcing or aversive

Question 47

WTF

Answer 47

What’s the function

Question 48

Classical conditioning

Answer 48

Repeated association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits a conditioned emotional response

Question 49

Operant conditioning/learning

Answer 49

A method of learning that creates associations between a voluntary behaviour and the consequence of that behaviour

Question 50

What are the 6 steps to analyzing ABC’s?

Answer 50

1. Describe target behaviour objectively 2. Describe antecedent 3. Describe consequences 4. Examine antecedents, behaviour, and consequence in sequence 5. Devise new antecedents and/consequences to teach new behaviours or change existing ones 6. Evaluate the outcome

Question 51

Counterconditioning

Answer 51

Changing an animal’s conditioned emotional and physiological response to a stimulus

Question 52

Marker or bridge / bridging stimulus

Answer 52

Auditory, tactile, or visual cue that communicates the precise moment that is being reinforced (e.g. clicker)