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HIST 210 > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were Europe’s “Sick men”?

A

Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire (Multi-ethnic empires)

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2
Q

What is Jingoism?

A

Blind support of one’s country, especially of it’s aggressive foreign policy

An extreme version of patriotism that appeals to instinct and group think rather than reason and compromise

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3
Q

What was the Berlin to Baghdad railroad?

A

It was an imperial rivalry to Brittains “Cape to Cairo” railroad

A railroad from berlin to baghdad securing Iraqi oil and a port in Persian Gulf

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4
Q

What was the “problem” of Germany

A

Weltpolitik ambition to become a global power caused an Arms Race with Britain (naval)

Kaiser Wilhelm II fired briliant strategist Bismark, to be “his own chancelor”

Unification of Germany upset post-Napoleonic balance of power

Young democracy dominated by Military

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5
Q

What was the birth of modern Irony?

A

Widespread belief of a prosperous Europe

Idea that the war would be over by christmas

“Iron Dice” of war (thinking it wouldn’t last long)

Thought it was “War to end all wars”

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6
Q

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

A

German plan for quick victory against France before Russia can mobilize (Win in 6 weeks)

Violating Belgian neutrality to throw off French defences

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7
Q

What was and what happened to Belgian neutrality?

A

Belgium declared Neutrality in the conflict, Germany invaded anyways to get around French lines straight to Paris

Quashing Belgian resistance harshly

BONUS: Caused Britain to join the war

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8
Q

What was Rupert Brooke’s “The Soldier”?

A

Book on early idealism of patriotic volunteers

Traditional conception of war as noble sacrifice

Part of missing cross-class generation of young men

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9
Q

What were some propaganda techniques of the first world war?

A

Gendered appeals to masculine honour, demonized enemy, Shamed those who didn’t go to war with white feather campaigns in UK, fear mongered and sympathized Belgium

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10
Q

What was the White Feather Campaign? Bonus: What was the unintended result?

A

Women shamed men in civilian clothes (publicly accuse male civilians of cowardice by presenting with white/pacifist feather)

BONUS: Unintended result: Injured/underaged/legitimately exempt men pressured into volunteering

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11
Q

What caused 1917’s Russia’s exit from the great war?

A

Russian Civil War against Communists

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12
Q

What caused America to enter the Entente Alliance?

A

American isolationism outwighed by outrage over u-boat tactics + Belgian atrocities, coupled with desire to recoup loans

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13
Q

What were the Morale Crisis on western front? (court martials)

A

Homefront: Multiple countries on brink of revolution over wartime shortages, leadership crises

Frontlines: wave of mutinies, top-secret court martials of own troops reflected loss of faith in military and political leadership

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14
Q

Technological breakthroughs from WW1’s mobilization of the home front to armistice.

A

Tanks
Aviation
U-Boat/Submarine Warfare

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15
Q

What was the sinking of the Lusitania

A

British passenger liner Lusitania in 1915 with many women/children and Americans sunk by Germans

(carrying munitions too)

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16
Q

What was the Armistice of WWI called? What did it accomplish?

A

Signed on 11th hour of 11th day of 11th month (Nov. 11 1918) Negotiated cease-fire

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17
Q

What was Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum Est? (1918)

A

Written by Wilfred Owen Contrasted with Rupert Brookes patriotic writtings of war, wrote jaded perspective on war

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18
Q

What was the stabbed in the back conspiracy after Germany’s defeat in WW1?

A

Germany blamed “november criminals” for their defeat in the war.

Perception that Germans never were defeated on battlefield blamed liberals, jews, leftists, unfaithful women for “humiliating armistice and Versailles treaty

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19
Q

Who were the “Big Three” At the Paris Peace Conference at the end of WW1?

A

Clemenceau (France)
Lloyd George (UK)
Wilson (USA)

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20
Q

What was President Wilson’s 14-Point Plan? What was the key one?

A

Key: National self-determination

A map for world piece of 14 points

  • Political Autonomy for lands of Austro-Hungary

-Independent Turkey born from Ottoman Empire

-League of Nations (doomed by US senate refusing to join)

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21
Q

What was the league of Nations? Who found it? It’s point?

A

Collective Security

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22
Q

What was the Armenian genocide?

A

Dark side of nationalism in New State of Turkey, ethnically cleansing 1 million armenians

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23
Q

What was the Spanish flu?

A

1918-1919 “Spanish flu” pandemic kills more than 50 million

Boomed because of wartime troops movements, civilian displacement/migration, nutritional deficiencies caused by famine

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24
Q

What was Female suffrage as reward for homefront service?

A

IN Britain, USA: Votes for women as “reward” for service on home front

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25
What was the issue with the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier?
Thought they were signs of nationalism/glorification of war by veterans
26
What is Dadaism?
Post-war art. "Anti-Art" meant to be uncomfortable to look at and mocking nationalist war ambitions. (Old men sending young men to die) Famous: Otto Dix, The Skat Players (1920)
27
What were Flappers during the Roaring 20s?
Post war gender panic Flappers were apolitical, focusing on individuality over duty to higher "cause", bucking social norms/double standards. Argued that Politics and traditional values are what caused WWI Short hair, exposed skin, drinking/smoking in jazz clubs (women evolving lol)
28
What is the definition of Fascism? What are the characteristics?
Symbols: Ancient roman bundle of rods with ax "Strenght through unity", military glorification and uniforms , marches and very long speeches Defined as "Revolutionary NAtionalism" War is glorious struggle , MArxism and liberalism are frauds
29
What was the March on Rome? When did it happen (1922)
Fascist gain power without firing a shot afre King invites Mussolini to form government, quickly becomes dictator
30
Who and what was "Il Duce"?
The Leader/Guide
31
What was the Invasion of Abyssinia? (Ethiopia)
To feed fascists cult of militarism and Italy's exclusion of Scramble for Africa, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia
32
What was the German American Bund?
Americans who supported Hitler (Nationalist german americans)
33
Who was Oswald Mosley? What were his ambitions?
British Union of Fascists
34
What caused the Rise of Adolf Hitler?
Loss of WW1 Economic collapse of germany Jews in economy Rise of nationalism Extreme fascism
35
Brief background of Adolf Hitler
Served in WW1 Blamed Jews for failure Saw armistice as betrayal from home front Attacks Weimar Republic
36
What was the Weimar Republic? What happened to it?
Democratic Germany between WW1 and WW2, political turmoil and poor economy
37
What was the Beer Hall Putsch?
Hitler's attempt to emulate success of Mussolini's march on Rome (fails in Munich)
38
What was Mein Kampf? What does it mean? (My struggle)
Book hitler wrote in prison All history driven by racial conflict (Global aryan empire)
39
What happened at the 1932 election in Germany? (Appointment as chancellor)
Hitler received 37% of vote, Hindenburg appoints Hitler as chancellor to stop "Red tide" of communism
40
What was the Reichstag Fire?
Hitler declares state of emergency after the fire, blames communists for burning it an declares "Decree for the protection of the German People" banning leftist parties and unleashing paramilitary forces
41
What were the Book Burnings in Germany?
German students burnt all books from german institutions considered "anti-german"
42
What was the Nuremberg Rally?
Nuremburhg was seen as the home of Nazism Hitler held massive "Rally of Unity and Strenght"
43
What was the showing "Trumph of the Will"? Who wrote it?
Directed by Leni Riefenstahl It was a propaganda film of the Nuremberg Rally
44
What was Protocols of the Elders of Zion?
Book written by unknown authors detailing a Jewish plot for global domination
45
What were the Nuremburg Laws? When were they put into place?
German Jews deprived of citizenship, forced to wear star of david, intermarriage banned, etc 1935
46
What was Kristallnacht in 1938?
"Night of Broken Glass" State-sponsored pogrom: Jewish stores trashed, 1000+ synagogues burnt across Germany, SA troops and civilian mobs beat and kill Jews in streets
47
What was the Madagascar Plan? When was it made? (1940)
Himmler looks into deporting Jews en masse after fall of france to madagascar
48
What was the T-4 Euthanasia Program?
Begins with disabled children in 1930, then expanded to adults (Deaf, sychiatric patients, etc) Used gas and personnel to exterminate them
49
What was the Deportations to East/ Ghettoization?
Ghettoziation: Concentration and segregation of region's Jewish population in walled enclosures in Warsaw, Lodz. Forced labour, starvation
50
What was Judenrat?
Jewish councils co-opted into managing administration of ghettos for Nazis, organizing Labour, compiling deportation lists
51
What was Einsatzgruppen?
Mobile killing units , exeriment with mass shootings, small-scale gassing trucks
52
What was the Wannsee Conference? When did it take place?
Took place on January 20th, 1942 in a Wannsee Suburb, where the "Final Solution" was planned
53
What was "The Final Solution"?
Nazi leadership settle on building six death camps in poland to massively exterminate Jews
54
Concentration Camps vs. Extermination Camps
Concentration camp = forced labour camp Extermination camp = mass extermination
55
Who was Dr. Josef Mengele, what did he do?
Medical experiments at Aushwitz, researchs upervised by Dr. Josef Mengele, who later escaped to Latin america
56
Legacies of Great war / Treaty of Versailles Peace
1. New Political Boundaries (tradition authorities called into question (kings, empire, etc) 2. Consolidation of the nation-State and the idea of national self-determination 3. Colonial independence movements -Indian, Ho Chi Minh Vietnam etc 4. Global Pandemic (spanish Flu) 5. Changes in class and gender 6.Expansion of the state (Income, tax, conscription, vet benefits) 7. Rise of USA 8. Cultural trauma
57
Problems with the Russian empire
Imperialist multi-cultural state Distance between capital and main population Social structure of Tsar on top
58
Czar Nicholas I
Created state police Tight censorship Banned all books from USA
59
Secret associations formed by students and writers in Russia
Populist Anarchists Socialists Marxists
60
Populists in Russia:
Free serfs and improve life of the peasants
61
Anarchists in russia
Complete abolition of government
62
Socialists in Russia
Socialists rev party: Wanted to improve peasents, using terrorism and violence Marxists: Focused on politicizing urban workers
63
Czar NIcholas II
Last Czar of Russia, his son was very sick and relied of Rasputin who gave poor political advice to NIcholas's wife who then took the advice to be more opressive
64
1904 Russo-Japanese War
First time a Major European power lost to an asian nation WAr in Manchuria Great shame on russia
65
Bloody Sunday
22nd of january 1905 Peaceful crowd gathered at the winter palace to protest better conditions, Royal guards fired onto crowd killing 100 people (Russia)
66
The Duma
Created because of Russo-Jap war and bloody sunday, creation of weak legislation Workers began to form civil councils (Soviets)
67
Nicholas's biggest mistake
Entering WW1 Unprepared, sending 7.5 million to their death by 1917, mass famine, no weapons, mutiny
68
Provincial Government of Russia
Liberal coalition that allowed extremists groups to group up in major cities
69
The Petrograd Soviets
United into one providing alternitive option for russians Issues Order Number 1 for all soldiers and sailors to obey orders of Petrograd Soviets
70
Spring 1917 Germany's involvement in Russian Civil War
Sent Lenin and Trotsky off to russia on trains to cause revolution
71
Lenins Moto
PEACE BREAD LAND
72
10th of October Russia
Lenin demanded Bolsheviks seize power Trotsky formed military revolutionary committee
73
Four Main Goals of Lenin once in power
Seizure of land by the peasants Seizure of factories by the workers An immediate peace Exportation of international communism (Third international)
74
Treaty of Brest Litovsk 1918
Germany played hardballl to conceive Poland and portions of eastern russia for peace
75
Treaty of Riga
Ended Polish War Accepted independence of Finland and Baltic States
76

HIST 210 (6 decks)

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