Quiz 4

Question 1

One or more groups of subjects exposed to one or more levels of the independent variable

Answer 1

Group Design (Quantitative)

Question 2

Can include multiple subjects but not analyzed as a group. Individual behavior.

Answer 2

Single Subject Design (Quantitative)

Question 3

Young vs Old subjects with various levels of noise added to speech recognition task

This is an example of what type of research design?

Answer 3

Group design

Question 4

Look at effects of various types of phonemic training in a child or children with reading issues

This is an example of what type of research design?

Answer 4

Single Subject

Question 5

Different groups of subjects are exposed to different levels of the independent variable(s)

Answer 5

Between subject

Question 6

Same subjects are exposed to different levels of the independent variable(s)

Answer 6

Within-subject

Question 7

What group design needs to account for group equivalence?

Answer 7

Between subject

Question 8

What group design needs to account for a sequencing effect?

Answer 8

Within-subject

Question 9

What are two strategies to help with group equivalence in between subject designs?

Answer 9

Subject randomization and subject matching

Question 10

How to counterbalance the potential sequencing effect in within-subject designs?

Answer 10

Sequence randomization and counter balancing (ABCD, BCDA, CDAB, DABC, etc)

Question 11

What are the test validity measures?

Answer 11

Face
Content
Predictive
Concurrent
Convergent
Discriminant

Question 12

Does it look and sound like it accurately measures the construct?

Answer 12

Face

Question 13

Does the test measure the relevant domains of the construct?

Answer 13

Content

Question 14

Does the test predict things it should be able to predict?

Answer 14

Predictive

Question 15

Does the test discriminate between relevant groups?

Answer 15

Concurrent

Question 16

Does the test get similar scores/results to other tests measuring the same thing?

Answer 16

Convergent

Question 17

Does the test get different results than other tests measuring different constructs?

Answer 17

Discriminant

Question 18

The extent to which an experiment accurately measures what it intended to measure

Answer 18

Internal experimental validity

Question 19

The extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to a larger context

Answer 19

External experimental validity

Question 20

What are the threats to internal experimental variability?

Answer 20

History
Maturation
Reactive Pretest
Instrumentation
Statistical regression
Differential subject selection
Attrition
Interaction of factors
Crediability

Question 21

What are the threats to external experimental variability?

Answer 21

Subject selection
Interactive pretest
Reactive arrangements (Hawthorne Effect)
Multiple treatment interference

Question 22

Every member has an equal chance of being picked

Answer 22

Simple random sampling

Question 23

Population divided into subgroups with random samples taken from each

Answer 23

Stratified random sampling

Question 24

extraneous events that occur between the first
measurement and subsequent measurements

Answer 24

History

Question 25

changes that might naturally occur over time which happen during the course of a study

Answer 25

Maturation

Question 26

Additional treatment received during the study Is an example of what type of threat to internal validity?

Answer 26

History

Question 27

Effect of treatment in acute aphasia vs effect of spontaneous recovery Is an example of what type of threat to internal validity?

Answer 27

Maturation

Question 28

taking a test once may affect subsequent administrations of that test

Answer 28

Reactive prestest

Question 29

changes in measurement due to calibration issues, or changes in observers/scorers, etc

Answer 29

Instrumentation

Question 30

When subjects are selected based on atypical scores (good or poor), there is likely some variability in how far from average they scored – in subsequent tests they may score closer to average

Answer 30

Statistical regression

Question 31

failure to balance extraneous factors across groups leading to existing differences in the dependent variable at baseline

Answer 31

Differential subject selection *need to control during studies

Question 32

When subjects drop out of a study, there may be something systematic about who leaves, that will affect interpretation of results

Answer 32

Attrition

Question 33

combination of other validity threats (e.g. differential selection and maturation)

Answer 33

Interaction of factors

Question 34

making alternative hypotheses implausible -Can be affected by researcher bias or researcher reactivity

Answer 34

Credibility