Quiz 4

Question 1

Afferent

Answer 1

Signal traveling from the sensory organs (receptor) to the CNS (integrator)

Question 2

Efferent

Answer 2

Signal traveling from the CNS (integrator) to the organs (effectors)

Question 3

Nuclei

Answer 3

Cluster of somas in the CNS

Question 4

Ganglia

Answer 4

Cluster of somas in the PNS

Question 5

Nissl Substance

Answer 5

Collection of rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes found in the soma, high level of protein production

Question 6

Soma

Answer 6

cell body of the neuron

Question 7

Myelin Sheath

Answer 7

cell bodies of either Schwann Cells (PNS) or Oligodendrocytes (CNS) that wrap around axons to insulate them

Question 8

Schwann Cells

Answer 8

Use their cell body to wrap around axons of neurons and insulate them (PNS)

Question 9

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 9

Use their cell body to wrap around axons of neurons and insulate them (CNS)

Question 10

Axon Hillock

Answer 10

(Integration)
Where action potential is reached, Highest concentration of Na+ and K+ Voltage-Gated Channels

Question 11

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 11

Spaces on the axon between the myelin sheath

Question 12

Microtubules

Answer 12

form the skeleton of the axon
-Made of Tubulin
-MAP2 & TAU hold together

Question 13

MAP2

Answer 13

one of the proteins that hold tubulin together

Question 14

TAU

Answer 14

one of the proteins that hold tubulin together

Question 15

Tubulin

Answer 15

Protein that makes up the microtubules

Question 16

Actin

Answer 16

maintains structure at the axon terminals & helps neurotransmitter movement

Question 17

Synapse

Answer 17

(Transmission)
Space where two neurons communicate via neurotransmitters

Question 18

dendrites

Answer 18

(reception)
receive neurotransmitters from presynaptic neurons, have small dendritic spines

Question 19

Axon

Answer 19

(Conduction)
responsible for moving electrical impulses down the neuron

Question 20

Structural Classification of Neurons

Answer 20

-Multipolar
-Bipolar
-Unipolar

Question 21

Multipolar

Answer 21

neurons with 3+ processes
-found in the CNS primarily
-most common kind of neuron

Question 22

Bipolar

Answer 22

neurons with 2 processes
-found in retina
-found in olfactory mucosa

Question 23

Unipolar

Answer 23

(balloons)
neurons with 1 process
-mostly in ganglia
-quick relay in sensory system

Question 24

Glial Cells

Answer 24

Cells that support neurons

Question 25

Types of Glial cells in PNS

Answer 25

-Schwann cells (myelin sheath) -Satellite cells (regulate environment)

Question 26

Types of Glial cells in CNS

Answer 26

-Ependymal Cells (maintain/produce CSF) -Astrocytes (regulate what passes through BBB) -Microglia (Immune cells for CSF) -Oligodendrocytes (form myelin sheath)

Question 27

Schwann Cells

Answer 27

(PNS) use their cells bodies to form myelin sheath around axons, insulating them

Question 28

Satellite Cells

Answer 28

(PNS) support neurons by regulating environment around them

Question 29

Microglia

Answer 29

(CNS) immune cells for CSF

Question 30

Astrocytes

Answer 30

(CNS) control what gets in and out of BBB

Question 31

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 31

(CNS) form myelin sheath around axons, insulating them

Question 32

Ependymal Cells

Answer 32

(CNS) create and maintain CSF

Question 33

Gray matter

Answer 33

high concentration of somas, dendrites, unmyelinated axons

Question 34

White matter

Answer 34

lots of myelinated axons

Question 35

Equilibrium Potential

Answer 35

membrane potential when there is no net movement of charge across the membrane

Question 36

Flux

Answer 36

=mol/sec -chemical -concentration gradient

Question 37

Voltage

Answer 37

measure of potential energy from separated charges

Question 38

Potential

Answer 38

voltage measured between two points

Question 39

Current

Answer 39

(I) measure of movement of charge Current=Coloumb/second

Question 40

Resistance

Answer 40

(R) measure of resistance to movement of charge

Question 41

Ohm's Law

Answer 41

I=V/R Current=Voltage/ Resistance

Question 42

Charge of solution in and around a neuron

Answer 42

neutral

Question 43

E of K+

Answer 43

-90 mV (closer to -70 resting membrane potential)

Question 44

E of Na+

Answer 44

+61 mV

Question 45

Resting membrane potential

Answer 45

-70mV (polarized)

Question 46

Charge at which Voltage-Gated Channels Open

Answer 46

-55 mV

Question 47

Depolarize

Answer 47

membrane potential becoming more positive

Question 48

Repolarize

Answer 48

membrane potential becoming more negative

Question 49

Hyperpolarize

Answer 49

membrane potential dropping below (-70 mV)

Question 50

EPSP

Answer 50

Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential -depolarizes membrane potential

Question 51

IPSP

Answer 51

Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potential -repolarized membrane potential

Question 52

Na+/K+ Ligand Gated Channel

Answer 52

(Soma + Dendrite) -3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in -always on - maintains cell volume (prevents lysis and crenation)

Question 53

GABA Ligand-Gated Channel

Answer 53

(Soma + Dendrite) -Inhibitory -GABA binds and lets Cl- into the cell -OR lets K+ out

Question 54

Excitatory Na+ Ligand-Gated Channel

Answer 54

(Soma + Dendrite) -lets Na+ into the neuron, depolarization

Question 55

Na+ Voltage-Gated Ion Channel

Answer 55

(soma+axon) -lets Na+ into neuron, causing action potential

Question 56

Leaky K+ Channel

Answer 56

Lets K+ out (more than Na+ in) -the cause of the slight negative inside of neuron

Question 57

Leaky Na+ Channel

Answer 57

Lets Na+ in (less than K+) -the cause of the slight negative inside of neuron

Question 58

Why is the inner cell membrane slightly negative?

Answer 58

More K+ out than Na+ in (leaky channels)