Quiz 4/19

Question 1

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 1

Quick reproduction with limited genetic diversity

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

Cell division producing gametes with half chromosomes

Question 3

Recessive Alleles

Answer 3

Expressed only with two copies, overridden by dominant

Question 4

Gene-Environment Interaction

Answer 4

Environmental factors modifying gene expression

Question 5

Sexual reproduction

Answer 5

Offspring with genetic material from two parents

Question 6

Mutations

Answer 6

Changes in DNA sequence, can be beneficial or harmful

Question 7

Translation

Answer 7

Using RNA to build proteins from amino acids

Question 8

Identical Twin Studies

Answer 8

Comparing genetic and environmental influences on traits

Question 9

Pros of asexual reproduction

Answer 9

• The process of reproduction is rapid.
• A big number of organisms can be produced in very less time.
• Positive genetic influences pass on to successive generations.

Question 10

Cloning

Answer 10

Creating genetically identical organisms

Question 11

Copying genetic info from DNA to RNA

Answer 11

Transcription

Question 12

Transcription

Answer 12

Copying genetic info from DNA to RNA

Question 13

Are mutations always bad?

Answer 13

No. Mutations can be helpful when adapting to a new environment.

Question 14

Genetic Testing

Answer 14

Identifying genotype based on observed phenotype

Question 15

Punnett Squares

Answer 15

Predicting offspring genotypes and phenotypes

Question 16

What is the outcome of meiosis?

Answer 16

Four genetically unique gametes

Question 17

Protein Synthesis

Answer 17

Process of building proteins from RNA instructions

Question 18

Phenotype

Answer 18

Observable traits determined by genotype

Question 19

What is the outcome of mutations?

Answer 19

A genetic disorder, or a better adaptation to the environment.

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

Genetic material determining traits and characteristics

Question 21

Homozygous

Answer 21

Two identical alleles for a gene

Question 22

Nondisjunction

Answer 22

Improper chromosome separation leading to disorders

Question 23

Heterozygous

Answer 23

Two different alleles for a gene

Question 24

Heredity

Answer 24

Passing traits from parents to offspring

Question 25

How is genetic variation introduced through meiosis?

Answer 25

Independent assortment, and crossing over.

Question 26

Codons

Answer 26

Three-letter RNA sequences coding for amino acids

Question 27

Pros of sexual reproduction

Answer 27

- Increased genetic variability. - Resilience to infectious diseases. - Decreased genetic disorders. - Increased evolutionary fitness.

Question 28

Cons of asexual reproduction

Answer 28

- Lack of diversity

Question 29

Cons of sexual reproduction

Answer 29

- Fewer offspring are produced. - Reproduction is not always successful. - Favorable genes may not be passed down to the offspring.

Question 30

Dominant Alleles

Answer 30

Expressed with one or two copies, override recessive

Question 31

What does DNA code for?

Answer 31

Shape of DNA, nucleotide structure, base-pair rule.