Quiz 4/3

Question 1

Non-contractile: created by lengthening the muscle beyond the slack length

Answer 1

Passive Muscle Tension

Question 2

Contractile: created by cross-bridge formation

Answer 2

Active Muscle Tension

Question 3

The combination of active and passive tension developed during active contraction

Answer 3

Total Tension

Question 4

the prime mover; produces the desired action

Answer 4

agonist

Question 5

the muscle(s) directly opposite the agonist

Answer 5

antagonist

Question 6

Synergists

Answer 6

muscle(s) that assist the agonist

Question 7

muscles that are hyperactive and tight, usually due to overuse

Answer 7

shortened muscles

Question 8

muscles inhibited and lengthened;often the antagonist of a tight muscle.

Answer 8

Long muscles

Question 9

During immobilization, these structures lose collagen and cross-linking ability and this strength (may lose up to 50% of strength in 8 weeks; full recovery may take up to 18 months)

Answer 9

ligaments and tendons

Question 10

During mobilization:develop fibrofatty tissue, adhesions, cartilage atrophy, regional osterporosis, increase water intake, and decreases proteoglycans

Answer 10

articular surfaces

Question 11

Immobilization in a ____ position (worse), results in significant structural changes die to increased development of C.T., loss of mass and atrophy.

Answer 11

Shortened

Question 12

Immobilization in a ____ position (easier recovery) has fewer detrimental structural changes; responds to rehab much faster.

Answer 12

Lengthened

Question 13

This type of injury occurs due to lack of adequate recovery time between loads, even though the loads may be within the normal loading range for tissue

Answer 13

Repetitive Stress Injury

Question 14

How many vertebrae in total?

Answer 14

33

Question 15

How many IVDs?

Answer 15

23

Question 16

What are the 4 general motions of the spine?

Answer 16

Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, Rotation

Question 17

The consistent association of one motion about an axis with another motion about a different axis is called _____.

Answer 17

Coupled Motion

Question 18

The most predominant couple motions are:

Answer 18

rotation and lateral flexion

Question 19

In the head and neck, the _____ cervical spine compensates for the motion of the _____ cervical spine.

Answer 19

upper, lower

Question 20

The amount of motion available is determined by the relative size of the ____.

Answer 20

disc

Question 21

The direction of motion in the spine is determined by the orientation of the _____.

Answer 21

facets

Question 22

Facets in the cervical spine face _____.

Answer 22

superior/posterior

Question 23

Facets in the thoracic spine face ____.

Answer 23

posterior

Question 24

Facets in the lumbar spine face ____.

Answer 24

medial

Question 25

These provide stability while limiting motion.

Answer 25

Facet Joint Capsules

Question 26

This kinetic force is a result of gravity, ground reaction forces, and the pull of ligaments and muscles.

Answer 26

Compression

Question 27

This kinetic force results from resisting motion

Answer 27

Tensile

Question 28

This kinetic force results in compression and tension.

Answer 28

bending

Question 29

This kinetic force is created by rotation.

Answer 29

Torsion

Question 30

This kinetic force is the result of translation during flexion/extension and lateral bending.

Answer 30

Shear

Question 31

Crisscrossing trabecular systems constitute zones of maximum resistance to what forces?

Answer 31

compressive

Question 32

In what part of the vertebral body do most compression fractures occur?

Answer 32

Anterior part

Question 33

When does the cervical curve begin to form?

Answer 33

When infants begin to raise their head.

Question 34

When does the lumbar curve develop?

Answer 34

Between the ages of 1-10 years

Question 35

The resistance of a curved column is directly proportional to __________.

Answer 35

The square of the number or curves plus 1.