Quiz 4 Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
What is the epithelium of the external ear
A
Stratified squamous
2
Q
What proportion of external ear is cartilage and waht proportion is bone?
A
cartilage = lateral 1/3 bone = medial 2/3
3
Q
Sensory innervation of the external ear comes from what 4 nerves listed from anterior to posterior
A
Vagus–Small but clinically relevant
Auriculotemporal of V3–
Greater auricular– from cervical plexus
lesser occipital –from cervical plexus
4
Q
Why is vagus clinically relevant for ear?
A
pain sensation from laryngeal cancer traveling in vagus can be referred to external acoustic meatus
5
Q
tympanic membrane faces which way externally
A
anteriorly and inferiorly
6
Q
3 layers of tympanic membrane
A
stratified squamous skin - hairless
fibrous CT- primarily collagen
mucosa
7
Q
size of tympanic membrane
A
1cm in diameter
8
Q
What is the area of the tympanic membrane called that doesn’t have connective tissue, and what is everything else called?
A
Pars Flaccida
Pars tensa
9
Q
on the right side of the ear, light reflex should be where?
on the left?
A
5 o’clock
7
10
Q
sensory innervation to external tympanic membrane is from which nerve?
A
auriculotemporal V3
11
Q
sensory innervation to internal tympanic membrane is from which nerve?
A
tympanic branch of CNIX
12
Q
3 ossicles
A
malleus, incus, stapes
13
Q
Tensor Tympani O I N A
A
Eustacian Tube
Malleus
CNV3
tighten TM- protective
14
Q
Stapedius O I N A Derivation
A
pyramidal eminence
Stapes
Nerve to the stapedius from CN7
prevents oscillations of stapes
15
Q
How does the chorda tympani leave the middle ear?
A
petrotympanic fissure
16
Q
What structure does the tympanic plexus run on top of
A
tympanic plexus
17
Q
What bones does the chorda tympani run between
A
malleus and incus
18
Q
Lateral Wall– Structure of Middle Ear
A
tympanic membrane
19
Q
Anterior Wall– Structure of Middle Ear
A
Eustachian Tube
ICA
tensor tympani
chorda tympani- petrotympanic fissure
20
Q
Why do infants get otitis media
adults?
A
eustachian tube is more horizontal
blockage of tube
–adults= smoking paralyzes cilia
21
Q
Medial Wall Wall– Structure of Middle Ear
A
Promontory tympanic plexus oval window Round Window Prominence of facial canal prominance of lateral semicircular canal
22
Q
Posterior Wall– Structure of Middle Ear
A
Entrance to mastoid antrum
pyramidal eminence
Facial Canal- facial nerve
opening for chorda tympani
23
Q
Roof =– Structure of Middle Ear
A
tegmen tympani epitympanic process (space b/w ossicles and tegmen)
24
Q
Floor– Structure of Middle Ear
A
jugular fossa
jugular bulb–transition b/w sigmoid sinus and IJV
25
sensory Innervation of middle ear
tympanic branch of CN9
26
how does tympanic branch of 9 enter middle ear?
from jugular foramen
27
waht does the tympanic branch of CN9 do once it's in the middle ear?
forms plexus on promontory
28
Where does the lesser petrosal nerve come from?
some fibers from CN9 leave the promonotory as preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and go to otic ganglion
29
innervation of partoid gland starting from middle ear
preganglionics leave as tympanic plexus as lesser petrosal nerve from CN9, leaves middle ear via foramen spinosum/ovale to meet up with otic ganglion, postganglionic join the auriculotemporal (CNV3) to travel to parotid gland
30
Blood supply to the middle ear comes from which two branches of which artery?
Deep Auricular and anterior tympanic
| from maxillary
31
Facial nerve enters temporal bone via ______then travels in the _____ b/w choclea and semicircular canals and goes towards the middle ear . Its sensory ganglion is the ___ ganglion and the first branch, the _______ nerve is given off. while traveling in the facial canal two other branches are given off the __ and the ___
```
internal acoustic meatus
facial canal
geniculate
greater petrosal
chorda tympani
nerve to the stapedius
```
32
Two zebras bit my cervix is a mneumonic for what?
branches of facial nerve that innervate muscles of facial expression
33
2 major divisions of the inner ear
cochlea - anterior
| semicircular canals
34
What is the vestibule
area b/2 cochlea and semicircular canals
35
oval window is b/w what and what
stapes attaches to it
| b/w middle ear and vestibule
36
cochlea is continuous w/ what
vestibule
37
round window is b/w what and what
middle ear and cochlea-- scala tympani
38
3 cavities of inner ear / components of bony labyrinth
cochlea
vestibule
semicirc canals
39
3 divisons of semicirc canal
superior
posterior
lateral
40
superior division of semi circ points in which direction
anteriorly
41
vestibular aqueduct connects what and waht
vestibule and posterior cranial fossa
42
4 components of bony labyrinth
cochlear duct
utricle
saccule
semicircular ducts
43
where is endolymph and what is it made out of
membranous labyrinth
| a lot like ICF
44
where is perilymph and what is it made of
b/w membranous and bony labyrinth
| CSF
45
What is the modiolus
central core of bone that cochlea wraps around
46
2 components on either side of cochlear duct
scala vestibuli
| scala tympani
47
where are scala vestibuli and tympani continuous
heliocotrema- apex of trochlea
48
scala vestibuli is associated with which membrane
vestibular
49
scala tympani is associated with which membrane
basilar
50
what is the spiral lamina
shelf of bone that Coch. duct attaches to
51
what is contained in scala vestibuli and tympani and waht kind of epithelium
perilymp
| simple squamous
52
Stria Vascularis- where is it
| what does it do
on spiral ligament
| makes endolymph
53
what is spiral ligament
outside of coch. duct
54
organ of corti rests on what
basilar membrane
55
inner row of hair cells is how many cells thick
1
56
outer row of hair cells is how many cells thick
3-5
57
stereocilia of hair cells connect via __ ___
tip links
58
explain how cochlear divison of CN VIII is formed
neurons from cochlea w/ auditory info have cell bodies in spiral ganglia in modiolus
Axons leaving spiral ganglia converge to form cochlear division of CN VIII
59
is scala vestibuli or tympani associated w/ sound entering ear
--which one is associated w/ sound leaving
vestibuli- entering
| tympani- leaving
60
3 places where receptors for balance can be found
semicircular ducts
utricle
saccule
61
where are saccule utricle located
vestibule
62
which one is closer to cochlea: saccule or utricle
sacule
63
what are the macula?
what are they composed of
where are they found
receptor organs for balance
hair and columnar support cells
utricle and saccule
64
what is the name of the long cilia that each macula has
kinocilium
65
saccule and utricle are lined w/ what kind of epithelium except in macula?
simple cuboidal
66
stereocilia and kinocilium project into ___ ___ which is a gelatinous glycoprotein layer w/ crystals called otoliths/otoconia
otolithic memrane
| otoliths otoconia
67
movement in x is called
y
z
roll
pitch
yaw
68
macula detect which kind of acceleration
linear
69
semicircular ducts contain what kind of epithelium?
simple cuboidal
70
what is the receptor organ of the ampulla of the semicircular ducts
cristae ampullaris
71
crista ampullaris detect what kind of acceleration
angular
72
what is the name of the gelatinous mass of the crista?
cupula
73
T/F cupula contains otoliths
false
74
what is different about the epithelium of macula vs crista
crista forms ridge
| macula is flat
75
innervation of inner ear is from which CN
8
76
sensory cell bodies of neurons that form vestibular division of CN8 are located in the ___ ganglion which is located
vestibular
| lateral part of IAM
77
where do the two divisions of CN8 meet?
internal acoustic meatus
78
where does CN8 enter the brain stem
b/w pons and medulla
79
Blood supply to the inner ear is from the ___ artery which arises from the anterior inferior cerebella which is a branch of the ____
labyrinthine
| Basilar
80
labrythine travels in ___ (foramen/hole) with which nerve
IAM w/ CN 7/8
81
ischemia of labyrinthine leads to
vertigo and unilateral deafness
82
incus, malleus, and stapes from which pharyngeal arches
first two from 1
| stapes from2
83
distal portion of 1st pharyngeal pouch b/c
| proximal portion
middle ear cavity
| eustacian tube
84
1st pharyngeal cleft b/c
EAM
85
muscles associated w/ ossicles arise from what
somitomeres
86
mastoid antrum/ air cells are derived from what
epithelium of middle ear cavity
87
outer portion of tympanic membrane is derived from
1st pharyngeal cleft - ectoderm
88
middle portion of tympanic membrane is derived from
fibrous core of mesoderm
89
inner portion of tympanic membrane is derived from
1st pharyngeal pouch and endoderm
90
tympanic membrane is concave or convex?
concave
91
Where does pharynx become the esophagus?
circoid cart/ C6
92
3 parts of pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
93
3 Fxns of pharynx
deglutition
Respiration
speech
94
3 layers of pharyngeal wall
mucosa
muscular layer
buccopharyngeal fascia
95
what kind of epithelium does the nasopharynx have?
pseudostratified columnar ciliated
96
what kind of epithelium do the oropharynx and laryngopharynx have?
stratified squamous
97
inner layer of muscular layer of pharynx is circular or longitduinal
outer
longitudinal
| circular
98
which muscles make up inner muscular layer
elevators
| palato, stylo, salpingo pharyngeus
99
which muscles make up outer muscular layer
constrictors
| superior, middle, inferior constrictors
100
Buccopharyngeal fascia contains what?
pharyngeal plexus
101
Retropharyngeal space is b/w what 2 structures
buccopharygeal fascia
| prevertebral fascia
102
retropharyngeal space extends from where to where
base of skull to mediastinum
103
bones/cartilages involved in pharyngeal skeleton
```
base of skull and medial pterygoid
mandible
hyoid bone
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
```
104
constrictors --originate from
| insert on
bilaterally from head and neck
| fibrous pharyngeal raphe
105
constrictors overlap with the muscle cranial/caudal
caudal
106
which constrictor is associated with the buccinator and orbicularis oris
superior
107
middle constrictor originates from wehre
greater horn of hyoid
108
what is the most inferior part of the inferior constrictor is called what
What is superior part called
cricopharyngeus
| thyropharyngeus
109
where is the narrowest part of the GI tract
cricopharyngeus
110
where is the zone of sparse fibers and why is it clinically important
b/w thyro and cricopharyngeus portion of inferior constrictor
potential site for diverticulum
111
What is in the gap b/w the base of the skull and superior constrictor
3
levator veli palatini
| eustachian tube and pharyngobasilar membrane
112
What is between the sup and middle constrictors
| 2
stylopharyngeus and CH9
113
What is between the mid and inf constrictors
| 3
superior laryngeal nerve and artery
| thyrohyoid membrane
114
What is inferior to the inferior constrictor
| 2
recurrent laryngeal
| inferior laryngeal
115
function of inner muscular layer of pharynx
elevate and shorten pharynx
116
stylopharyngeus is innervated by waht
CN9
117
2nd function of salpingopharyngeus
opens eustachian tube during swallowing
118
In addition to the pharynx the palatopharynx also acts on
the soft palate
119
3 structures in nasopharynx
adenoids
eustachian tube
tubal tonsils
120
What are valleculae
depressions on epiglottis
121
aryepiglottic folds separate which structures
boundary between pharynx larynx
122
arterial blood supply to pharynx
ascending pharyngeal artery
| ECA-facial- tonsilar and ascending palatine
123
Describe venous drainage of pharynx
pharyngeal venus plexus on posterior aspect and then superiorly drains to pterygoid plexus
inferior drains to tributaries of IJV
124
Where is pharyngeal plexus located in the pharynx
buccopharyngeal fascia
125
motor innervation of pharynx comes from where?
everything is vagus nerve except for stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN9
126
parotid gland empties where
opposite 2nd maxillary molar
127
sublingual glands rest on which muscle
mylohyoid
128
describe innervation of upper minor salivary glands
CN7 greater petrosal , pterygoid ganglion, V2
129
describe innervation of lower minor salivary glands, submandibular, and sublingual
CN chorda tympani, lingual nerve of V3 submandibular ganglion, V3
130
describe innervation of parotid glands
CN9 via lesser petrosal, Otic ganglion , V3
131
Sets of deciduous teeth
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars
| 212 *4
132
sets of adult/permanent teeth
2 incisors, 1 canine , 2 premolars, 3 molars
| 2123 *4
133
maxilary teeth are innervated by
V2--superior alveolar nerves, (post, middle, anterior)
134
mandibular teeth are innervated by
V3 -- mandibular--inferior alveolar
135
Blood supply to upper teeth
posterior superior alveoloar artery from maxillary
| anterior superior from infraorbital artery from maxillary
136
Blood supply to lower mandible
inferior alveolar artery
137
4 types of taste buds
fungiform
foliate
vallate
filiform
138
All muscles of the tongue except palatglossus are innervated by waht
CN12
139
Palatoglossus is innervated by what
vagus
140
what are the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles
superior long
vertical
transverse
inferior long
141
what are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles
genioglossus
hypoglossus
palatoglossus
styloglossus
142
General sensation to the anterior 2/3 of tongue is from
lingual branch of V3
143
General sensation to the posterior 1/3 of tongue is from
CN9
144
Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue is from
lingual to chorda typani
145
Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue is from
CN9
146
taste/ sensation of epiglottis
superior laryngeal of vagus
147
lingual branches of V3 and hypoglossal travel b/w
mylohyoid and hypoglossal
148
main blood supply to floor of mouth and roof of tongue
lingual artery
149
incisive foramen is psgwy b/w
nasal cavities and oral cavity
150
greater and lesser palatine canals are passageway b/w
pterygoid palatine fossa and hard and soft palates
151
fxn of soft palate
separate oro and nasopharynx during swallowing
152
4 muscles of the palate
```
Levator Veli Palatini
Tensor Veli Palatinin
Palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus
musculus uvulae
```
153
Levator Veli palatini is innervated by what
vagus
154
tensor veli palatini is innervated by waht
CNV3
155
All muscles of the palate are innervated by ___ except for ___
X
| tensor veli palatini -CNV3
156
action of levator veli and tensor veli
elevate/tense soft palate
157
actions of palatoglossus and pharyngeus
depress soft palate
158
descending palatine artery goes through which foramen in ptyerygoid fossa
palatine canal
159
greater/lesser palatine artery go through which holes to get to palate
greater/less palatine canals
160
greater palatine anastamoses with which artery in which canal
sphenopalatine
| incisive canal
161
nasopalatine nerve goes through which opening and innervates what
incisive canal
| area of palate posterior to teeth
162
blood supply/ innervation to soft palate
lesser palatine artery/nerve
163
What passes through 2 holes in thyrohyoid membrane
sup. laryngeal vessels
| internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal
164
lateral boundary of laryngeal inlet
aryepiglottic folds
165
posterior boundary of laryngeal inlet
interarytenoid notch
166
larynx superior to vocal folds is innervated by what
internal branch of superior laryngeal
167
larynx inferior to vocal folds and vocal folds are innervated by what
recurrent
168
All intrinsic muscles of larynx are innervated by ____ except for ____ which is innervated by
recurrent branch
cricothyroid'
external branch of superior laryngeal
169
superior and inferior laryngeal arteries arise from
superior and inferior thyroid
170
inferior laryngeal artery travels with
recurrent nerve
171
pterygomaxillary fissure connects what and what
infratemporal fossa and pterygopalatine fossa
172
sphenopalatine foramen b/w
PP fossa and nasal cavity
173
maxillary nerve enters pterygopalatine fossa via which foramen
foramen rotundum
174
sphenoid sinus drains into
the spenoethmoidal recess
175
what drains into the superior nasal meatus?
posterior ethmoid cells
176
frontal sinuses darin into which meatus
middle via frontonasal duct
177
infections of which sinus can spread to the orbit
ethmoid
178
where do the anterior and middle ethmoid air cells drain?
middle meatus
179
maxillary sinuses drain where
middle meatus via semilunar hiatus
180
opthalmic artery is branch of which major artery and gives off which branches that supply anterior nose
internal carotid --anterior and posterior ethmoidal
181
which artery supplies the posterior nasal cavity and it is branch of which major artery
sphenopalatine
| maxillary
182
septal branch that provides blood to the nasal vestibule/septum is a branch of which major artery
facial / ECA
183
facial vein drains to the..
IJV
184
ethmoidal veins drain to the
cavernou sinus
185
sphenopalatine drain to the
pterygoid plexus in infra temp. fossal
186
V1 aka
opthalmic nerve
