Quiz 4

Question 1

Small bowel inflammation

Answer 1

Enteritis

Question 2

Large bowel inflammation

Answer 2

Colitis

Question 3

Both large and small bowel inflammation

Answer 3

Enterocolitis

Question 4

What is the m/c cause of enterocolitis?

Answer 4

Infection

Question 5

What is the m/c organism causing viral enteritis in the US?

Answer 5

Norwalk

Question 6

What is the m/c organism causing viral enteritis in infants and young children?

Answer 6

Rotavirus

Question 7

How can most exotoxins be destroyed?

Answer 7

Heating

Question 8

What liver disease is the exception to the progression of liver disease generally: slow and insidious?

Answer 8

Fulminant hepatic failure

Question 9

What are fiver general responses in liver dz?

Answer 9

Degeneration, necrosis, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis

Question 10

What type of degeneration often occurs with severe damage?

Answer 10

Ballooning - swollen hepatocytes with irregularly clumped cytoplasmic organelles

Question 11

What is a dying hepatocyte that has become eosinophilic?

Answer 11

Councilman body - apoptic death of a single liver cell

Question 12

What are the macrophages of the liver called?

Answer 12

Kupffer cells

Question 13

What is often an irreversible form of hepatic damage?

Answer 13

Fibrosis

Question 14

Which hepatitis viruses can lead to chronic hepatitis? Which can not?

Answer 14

B, D, C

A, E

Question 15

What can be appreciated microscopically in chronic hep B?

Answer 15

Ground glass hepatocytes

Question 16

Which hepatitis virus is important in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer 16

B

Question 17

Which hepatitis leads to chronic disease in the vast majority of individuals infected?

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Which hepatitis virus is particularly deadly in pregnant women?

Answer 18

E

Question 19

Define chronic hepatitis?

Answer 19

Sx or biochemical or serological evidence of continuing or relapsing hepatic dz for 6 mo with histological documentation of liver inflammation and necrosis

Question 20

Hepatic insufficiency that progresses from onset to hepatic encephalopathy within 2-3 wks.

Answer 20

Fulminant hepatitis

Question 21

What are the m/c causes of fulminant hepatitis?

Answer 21

Hep B (concomitant Hep A, etc) or drug/chemical toxicity

Question 22

What is tylenol called?

Answer 22

N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine

Question 23

What is the pathogenesis of acetaminophen overdose?

Answer 23

1) rapidly conjugated with glutathione
2) if excessive NAPQI or reduced glutathione (EtOH), NAPQI covalently binds to vital proteins and the lipid bilayer of hepatocytes
3) Hepatocellular death and liver necrosis

Question 24

What is the progression of alcoholic liver disease?

Answer 24

Hepatic steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis

Question 25

How does alcohol affect the liver?

Answer 25

Affects microtubular and mitochondrial function and membrane fluidity

Question 26

How does acetylaldehyde (EtOH metabolite) affect the liver?

Answer 26

Induces lipid peroxidation and subsequent oxidative damage

Question 27

What are endothelins?

Answer 27

Potent vasoconstrictors

Question 28

What is seen microscopically in alcoholic liver disease?

Answer 28

Macrovesicular steatosis (look like clear vacuoles)