Quiz 4

Question 1

_______ Cancer has the highest incidence in men, but ________ cancer
has the highest death rate in women.

Answer 1

Prostate; lung

Question 2

2) If a tumor has 10^9 cells and you kill 99.9 % how many cells are left

Answer 2

10^6

Question 3

List 2 characteristics of neoplasia

Answer 3

Uncoordinated growth

Loss of differentiation

Immortilization

Irreversible

Decreased response to suppressor genes

Question 4

Briefly explain the mechanism of action of Cyclophosphamide and list two major side effects

Answer 4

Irreversibly binds nitrogen on Guanine and cross links base pairs in opposite strands of DNA, causing abnormal base parings, strand breaks, and inhibits DNA replication

Question 5

Alkylating agent used in chronic myelogenous leukemia causing pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 5

Busulfan

Question 6

Highly lipophilic, alkylates both DNA and protein, used mainly for brain tumors

Answer 6

Carmustine

Question 7

Used in acute myelogenous leukemia, turns urine red

Answer 7

Daunorubicin

Question 8

Cytosine analog with D-arabinose sugar attached

Answer 8

Cytarabine

Question 9

Interferes with adenosine synthesis

Answer 9

6-mercaptopurine

Question 10

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to prevent thymidine synthesis

Answer 10

Methotrexate

Question 11

_______ Cancer has the highest incidence in women, but _______ cancer has the highest death rate in men

Answer 11

Breast; lung

Question 12

T or F: Cancer chemotherapy kills a constant number of cells

Answer 12

False; kills a constant fraction (ie 99.9%)

Question 13

List 2 cell characteristics of dysplasia

Answer 13

Loss of uniformity

Loss of architecture

Reversible

Question 14

Briefly explain the mechanism of action of Cisplatin and list two major side effects

Answer 14

Binds nitrogen’s of guanine in the same strand of DNA, inhibits polymerase from replicating DNA,

Severe nausea and vomiting, Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity

Question 15

Drug of choice for malignant gliomas

Answer 15

Temozolamide

Question 16

Used mainly for chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Answer 16

Chlorambucil

Question 17

Requires MESNA treatment to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 17

Ifosfamide, Cyclophosphamide

Question 18

Inhibits DNA polymerase and Topoisomerase II and is cardiotoxic

Answer 18

Doxorubicin

Question 19

Flat ring structure, that also produces free radicals due to interactions with iron and copper

Answer 19

Bleomycin

Question 20

S phase specific causes sock and glove neurotoxicity

Answer 20

5-fluorouracil

Question 21

T or F: In both men and women lung cancer causes the most deaths in the United States

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T or F: Men and women alive today both have a 50% chance of developing cancer during their lifetimes

Answer 22

False

Men - 1 in 2
Women - 1 in 3

Question 23

An increase in cell number or size while function remains unchanged is called…

Answer 23

Hyperplasia

Question 24

The concept of “clone-ogeinc tumor stem cells” means that if you eliminate the original tumor cell you can permanently eliminate the tumor.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Cisplatin is S phase cell cycle specific.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

The dose limiting toxicity for all alkylating agents is bone marrow suppression

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Carmustine is enzymatically converted to Acrolein which is the active agent

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Temozolomide is the drug of choice for malignant gliomas and astrocytoma’s

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Cisplatin produces more severe nausea and vomiting than Carboplatin.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Methotrexate inhibits the synthesis of dihydrofolate

Answer 30

False

Question 31

In men prostate cancer has the highest incidence while in women breast cancer has the highest.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

In children (1 -14) acute lymphocytic leukemia shows the highest incidence

Answer 32

True

Question 33

_________ is the adaptive substitution of one differentiated cell type for another.

Answer 33

Metaplasia

Question 34

In a solid tumor the cancer cells are very homogeneous

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Bleomycin and Etoposide are S phase cell cycle specific

Answer 35

False

Question 36

In general all alkylating agents can cause pulmonary fibrosis.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Cyclophosphamide undergoes non-enzymatic activation to phosphoramide mustard which is the active agent

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Busulfan can be used together with cyclophosphamide to ablate bone marrow prior to bone marrow transplants.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Methotrexate toxicity in cancer cells is enhanced by co-administration of Leukovorin.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity can be limited by administration of MESNA.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

In 2015 cancer will overtake heart disease as the number one killer in the US.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

In adolescents (15 -19) thyroid cancer shows the highest incidence.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

_______ refers to cells which have lost their uniformity and architectural orientation.

Answer 43

Dysplasia

Question 44

All types of cancer cells are very rapidly growing

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Alkylating agents are G1 phase cell cycle specific

Answer 45

False

Question 46

The mechanism of action for all alkylating agents is to cross-link the two strands of DNA by binding guanine.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

MESNA is used to bind Acrolein to prevent bladder inflammation with Cyclophosphamide

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Ifosfamide undergoes metabolic activation by CYP3A4.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Carboplatin is useful in ovarian and non-small and small cell lung cancer

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Methotrexate anticancer use is limited to acute and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia in children

Answer 50

False