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Pharmacology > Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

NSAIDs Patient Education

A

Discontinue ASA 1 week prior to surgery; take NSAID with food; DO NOT crush enteric tablets; watch for excessive bleeding

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2
Q

NSAID Interactions

A

Alcohol, anticoagulants, corticosteroids, concurrent use of other NSAIDs

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3
Q

ASA Toxicity (NSAID) Signs and Symptoms

A

Tinnitus, hearing loss, hyperventilation, dizziness, drowsiness
*No antidote

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4
Q

NSAIDs Adverse Effects

A

Gastric ulcers, GI bleeding, renal failure, MI, CVA

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5
Q

NSAIDs Contraindications

A

Allergy, Peptic Ulcer Disease, bleeding disorders, renal or hepatic disease, children with chicken pox or influenza (ASA), Cardiovascular Disease

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6
Q

NSAIDs Indications

A

Mild to moderate pain; fever; inflammation; dysmenorrhea (menstual cramps); inhibits platelet aggregation

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7
Q

NSAIDs MOA & Drug Effects

A

MOA: blocks the chemical activity of the enzyme COX

Drug effects: analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic (fever), antiplatlet

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8
Q

Acetaminophen Patient Education

A

Acetaminophen is found in many combination medications (Vicodin, Norco)

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9
Q

Acetaminophen Toxicity & Antidote

A

Causes hepatic necrosis (>150mg/kg)

Antidote=Mucomyst

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10
Q

Acetaminophen Contraindications

A

Allergy, severe liver disease, G6PD Disease, alcohol (use with caution)

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11
Q

Acetaminophen Indications

A

Fever, mild to moderate pain, alternative for those who cannot use ASA

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12
Q

Acetaminophen MOA & Drug Effect

A

MOA: selective inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) in the CNS

Drug effects: analgesic (pain reliever); antipyretic (fever reducer)

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13
Q

Opioid Nursing Implications

A

Assess: pain (0-10); respiratory depression, constipation, and watch for orthostatic hypotension

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14
Q

Opioid Interactions

A

Coadministration with: alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, CNS depressants

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15
Q

Opioid Toxicity Antidote

A

Narcan

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16
Q

Opioid Contraindications

A

Allergy, Biliary Tract surgery, severe asthma, head injuries, morbid obesity (sleep apnea), paralytic ileus

17
Q

Opioid Adverse Effects

A

Sedation, pupils constric, respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, constipation, urinary retention

18
Q

Opioid Indications

A

Pain, cough suppressant, diarrhea

19
Q

Opioids are regulated by:

A

Controlled Substance Act (1970)

20
Q

Opioid MOA &Drug Effect

A

MOA: Mu receptor agonists, similar to the body’s own endorphines
Drug effect: Opioid binds to mu receptor, relieving pain

21
Q

Two classes of Opioid Analgesics

A
  1. ) Mild (Tylenol #3, Vicodin, Norco)

2. ) Strong (Morphine, Dilaudid, Fentanyl)

22
Q

Reye’s Syndrome Definition & Causes

A

Causes swelling in the brain &liver

Suspected cause: use of ASA to treat a viral infection in children and teens (influenza or chicken pox)

23
Q

Pain Tolerance (Psychological)

A

The amount of pain a person can endure without it interfering with normal function

24
Q

Pain Threshold (Physiological)

A

The level of stimulus needed to produce the perception of pain

25
Q

Opioid Tolerance

A

A common physiologic result of chronic opioid treatment.

Reduced effects of drug as a result

26
Q

Psychological Dependency

A

Need to use opioids for effects other than pain

Characterized by: impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm, craving

27
Q

Physical Dependency

A

Physiological adaptation which results in withdrawal symptoms if discontinued
S&S: mental agitation, tachycardia, hypertension, seizures

28
Q

Pain Definition

A

Unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

29
Q

Nociceptive Pain

A

Term used to describe noxious stimuli are perceived as pain

30
Q

Four phases of Nociception

A
  1. ) Transduction: injured tissue releases chemicals
  2. ) Transmission: impulse moves from spinal cord to brain
  3. ) Perception
  4. ) Modulation: neurons from brain stem release neurotransmitters that block the pain impulse
31
Q

Neuropathic Pain

A
  • Exact mechanism unclear
  • Often perceived long after site of injury heals
  • Difficult to assess and treat
32
Q

Three different types of pain

A
  • Acute: sudden
  • Chronic: 3-6 months
  • Breakthrough: in between pain medication doses
33
Q

JCAHO Pain Management Standards

A
  • Every patient has a right to have his/her pain assessed & treated
  • RN must evaluate pain after med administration (every 30 min-1 hr)

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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