Quiz 4 Flashcards
1
Q
What type of lifecycle do ALL cestodes have
A
Indirect
2
Q
Where do adult cestodes inhabit in definitive host
A
GI tract
3
Q
Where do larval cestodes inhabit in intermediate host
A
Extraintestinally
4
Q
What is a larval cestode called
A
Metacestode
5
Q
What is the gravid part of the cestode called
A
Proglottid
6
Q
Where are nutrients absorbed in cestodes
A
Skin
7
Q
What is the anterior part of the cestode called
A
Scolex
8
Q
What type of tissue makes up the neck of the cestode
A
Undifferentiated tissue
9
Q
What are the chain segments of cestodes called?
A
Strobila
10
Q
T/F - Proglottids contain male and female genitalia
A
True! They are hermpaphrodites
11
Q
Are proglottids more mature anteriorly or posteriorly
A
Posteriorly - they mature as they move away from the neck region
12
Q
What are cestode eggs called
A
Oncospheres
13
Q
What’s this
A
Hydatid cyst
14
Q
What’s this
A
Coenurus
15
Q
What’s this
A
Strobilocercus
16
Q
What’s this
A
Cysticercus
17
Q
What’s this
A
Tetrathyridium
18
Q
What’s this?
A
Plerocercoid
19
Q
What’s this
A
Procercoid
20
Q
What’s this?
A
Oncosphere
21
Q
How many suckers do Taenia have?
A
4 suckers
22
Q
What do some Taenia suckers have?
A
Non-retractile rostellum – with 2 concentric rows of hooks
23
Q
What are these
A
Taenia eggs
- Spherical*
- Thick-walled*
24
Q
Definitive host of most Taenia
A
Canids, humans
25
Where are gravid segments shed?
Shed in intestine of definitive host
Proglottids in feces
26
How are *Taenia* eggs released
They are shed inside proglottis. They are then either
a) while the proglotid crawls on host's fur
b) while proglottid is on fecal surface
27
Where are metacestodes typically found
In the liver, peritoneal membrane, or cardiac/skeletal muscle of **intermediate** host
Intermediate host forms **fibrous tissue capsule** around the metacestode
28
What is the most common *Taenia* tapeworm of dogs in the US?
*T. pisiformis*
29
What is the intermediate host of *Taenia pisiformis*? Where are metacestodes found?
**Rabbits, hares.**
Metacestodes (Cysticercus pisiformis) in **liver,** **peritoneum**
30
Describe metacestode of *T. pisiformis*
Cysticercus
Single **fluid filled sac** with **one** invaginated scolex
31
You see an eviscerated rabbit while walking in the woods. What do you suspect is growing on its intestines?
*Cysticercus pisiformis*
Cysticerci of *Taeniae pisiformis*
Fluid filled sac with an inverted scolex
32
What is the intermediate host of *Taenia ovis*? Where do metacestodes develop
**Sheep**
Metacestodes develop in **skeletal** and **cardiac muscles**
33
You're at a slaughter house and they notice cysticerus in a sheep's quadricep muscle. Are you concerned? What do you suspect?
This is probably ***Cysticercus ovis (******Taenia ovis)***. Yes you are concerned ---\> lesions will**condemn sheep at slaughter**
34
This is a sheep's heart. What is wrong with it?
*Cysticercus ovis* growing in cardiac muscle
35
What is known as a 'thin necked bladder worm'
*Taenia hydatigena*
36
What's this
*Taenia hydatigena*
37
What's this
*Taenia hydatigena*
38
What is the intermediate host of *Taenia hydatigena*? Where does the metacestode live?
Ruminants and swine
Metacestode migrates through lvier and encysts in peritoneum
* \*Hepatitis cysticercosa\**
* \*Black Disease\**
39
The fox is a definitive host of which *Taenia spp.*?
*Taenia ovis*
40
The cat is a definitive host of which *Taenia* *spp*?
* T. taeniaeformis \*most common*
* Taenia hydatigena (wild felids)*
41
Humans are the definitive host of which *Taenia spp.*?
* T. saginata*
* T. solium*
42
Dogs are the definitive hosts of which *Taenia spp*?
1. *T. pisiforms \*most common*
2. *T. ovis*
3. *T. hydatigena*
4. *T. multiceps*
43
What is the definitive host of *T. hydatigena*
Canids and wild felids
44
What is the metacestode stage of *Taenia hydatigena* called?
*Cysticercus tenuicolis*
45
What does *Cysticercus tenuicolis* cause? In who?
Causes **hepatitis cysticercosa** and **black disease** in intermediate host (ruminants and swine)
46
Your client is a pig farmer and sends you a photo of the liver of a sow he just slaughtered. What do you suspect is causing this?
**Hepatitis** caused by ***Cysticercus tenuicolis***
47
What is 'Black Disease' and what causes it
Green nodules on surface of liver caused by ***Cysticerucs tenuicolis* + *Clostridium noyvi***
48
Which *Taenia spp* has a metacestode that _switches_ from *Cysticercus* to *Strobilocercus*
*Taenia taeniaeformis*
49
What is the definitive host of *Taenia taeniaeformis*
Cats
50
What is the intermediate host of *Taenia taeniaeformis* and where does it live
Mice and rodents
Lives in **liver**
51
What does this?
*Taenia taeniformis*
52
What is this
*Coenurus cerebralis* (the metacestode of *Taeni multiceps*)
53
What is the metacestode of *Taenia multiceps* called? What does it look like
***Coenurus cerebralis***
It is large, fluid filled with clusters of scolices in internal wall
54
What is definitive host of *Taenia multiceps*
Dogs _and_ Wild Canids
55
What is host of *Coenurus cerebralis*? Where does it live?
Sheep and goats, Cows
Rarely in cats ---\> fatal
Lives in cranial cavity and spinal cord
56
What is 'True Gid' caused by
*Coenurus cerebralis*
Neurologic signs due to progessive SOL (blindness, incoordination)
57
What are two differentials for True Gid
Bacterial encephalitis
Rabies
(caused by *Coenurus cerebralis*)
58
Which *Taenia spp* are zoonotic and reportable?
* T. saginata*
* T. solium*
59
How can you tell the difference between *T. solium* and *T. saginata*
T. saginata doesnt have rostellum or hooks
60
Which reportable *Taenia spp* has cattle as intermediate host? Where does it live in cattle?
*T saginata*
Found in striate muscle - viable for 9+ months
61
How are humans infected with *T. saginata*? What are the c/s?
Ingesting cysts from raw/undercooked **beef**
C/S
- Diarrhea
- Hunger pains
- *Usually asymptomatic*
62
Which reportable *Taenia spp* has pigs as intermediate host? Where does it live in pigs?
*T. solium*
Lives in striated muscle
63
What's this?
***Taenia solium***
(Identifiable feature: rostellum, 2 rows of hooks)
64
What's the accidental intermediate host of *Taenia solium?*
**Humans** ---\> BAD NEWS!
Causes **cysticerocis** -- nervous, ocular, pulmonary
65
A human consumes a *T. solium* cysticerci in raw pork. Should that person be concerned
No - humans are the definitive host of *Taenia solium* and consuming the **cysticerci** will cause no symptoms
66
A human consumes raw pork which was found to contain *T. solium* eggs. Should that person be concerned?
YES - humans can the an *accidental intermediate host*.
Can cause **cysticercosis -** **nervous, ocular, pulmonary disease**
Also can affect human muscle --\> requires surgical removal
67
What would cause this?
***Cysticercus cellulosae***
*Taenia solium* cystercerci - _very_ dangerous
68
Your client is a swine farmer and has been complaining about muscular and occular pain. You notice his eye looks strange. What's a worrying differential?
***Cysticerucs cellulosae***
*(Taenia solium* cystercerci)
69
Name 3 ways you can diagnose *Taenia solium* in humans
CAT scan
MRI
X-ray
70
What is this?
Echinococcus
71
Definitive host of Echinococcus
Domestic and wild dogs
72
Intermediate host of Echinococcus
Everything else - incl humans
73
What can cause a hydatid infection in humans?
Echinococcus
74
What is a hydatid infection
Cysts forming that contain tapeworm larvae (Echinococcus)
75
A cat has a hydatid infection. Is surgery the best treatment option
NO - you need to **_PAIR_**
Puncture
Aspirate
Insert solution
Re-aspiration
76
Intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosus
Ruminants
Horses
Pigs
Camelids
**Humans**
77
How are intermediate hosts infected with Echinococcus granulosus
Ingesting eggs (fecal-oral)
78
Definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus? How are they infected and what are c/s?
* Dogs and wild dogs
* Infected by ingesting cysts from organs of IH
* Asymptomatic
79
What is cystic hydatid disease?
Disease caused by ingesting Echinococcus granulosus **eggs**
- Unilocular
- Liver, lungs
- Humans: respiratory signs, abdominal distension
- Allergic reaction to hydatid fluid leaks = death (anaphylaxis)
80
What causes this
*Echinococcus granulosus*
81
You have a pygmy goat come in with an Echinococcus granulosus cyst on its liver. What would you do to treat it?
Aspirate it taking care not to let fluid leak --\> **anaphylactic shock!**
82
T/F Echinococcus granulosus is asymptomatic in most animals
True - symptoms usually stem from pressure atrophy on surrounding organs
83
T/F - Echinococcus granulosus cysts invade organs
False
84
Definitive host of Echinococcus multilocularis
Dogs, cats, wild canids
85
How are dogs infected with Echinococcus multilocularis? What are c/s?
Ingest cysts from ogans of IH - asymptomatic
86
Intermediate host of Echinococcus multilocularis? How are they infected
* Small rodents
* Cows
* Horses
* Swine
* **Humans!**
Infected by eating **eggs**
87
What causes alveolar hydatid disease? What is it?
Echinococcus multilocularis
**Multilocular** disease in **liver** - usually **fatal**!
88
Your PM'ing a cow and the liver looks like this. What do you suspect?
Alveolar hydatid disease caused by cysts of *Echinococcus multilocularis*
89
Which Echinococcus spp infiltrates tissues
E. multilocularis
90
Which Echinococcus spp forms brood capsules
E. multilocularis
91
Which Echinococcus sp causes respiratory signs and abdominal distension in humans?
Echinococcus granulosa
92
93
Which Echinococcus sp is unilocular
Echinococcus granulosa
94
You are PM'ing a rat and see these infiltrative masses. What do you suspect?
Echinococcus multilocularis
95
T/F - you can differentiate *Echinococcus* eggs from *Taenia* eggs as they are morphologically very distinct
False - they look identical
96
What forms a unilocular hydatid cyst
Echinococcus granulosum
97
What forms an alveolar hydatid cyst
Echinococcus multilocularis
98
Which cestode species forms egg packets
Dipylidium caninum
99
What's this
Dipylidium caninum eggs
100
What's this
*Diplydium caninum*
101
What is the intermediate host of Dipylidiums caninum? What must definitive host eat to get infected
Intermediate host = fleas
- Definitiive host must eat the flea
102
What's this
Dipylidium caninum
103
What is the metacestode of *Taenia saginata* called
**Cysticercus bovis**
104
T/F - Dipylidium canis is pathogenic in definitive host? What is a C/S?
False, but may cause 'pruitus ani' - *scooting* (due to discomfort)
105
How do you educate owners on *D canis* prevention?
Flea control
106
An owner found these on her dog's butt. What are they?
*Dipylidium caninum*
107
What is the metacestode of *Taenia ovis* called
*Cysticercus ovis*
108
What is the metacestode of *Taenia pisiformis* called?
*Cysticercus pisiformis*
109
What is the metacestode of *Taenia taeniformis* called
*Strobilocercus* or *Cysticercus fasciolaris*
(changes formation 45 days in)
110
What is the metacestode of *Taenia solium* called
**Cysticercus cellulosae**
111
A butcher calls to ask about a parasite he has found the in the abdominal muscles of a cow. What do you suspect?
***Cysticercus bovis***
| (from ***Taenia saginata***)
112
Metacestode of *Dipylidium caninum*
Cysticercoid caninum
113
Main diagnostic stage of Taenia
Proglottids and eggs in feces
