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Ultrasound Physics > Quiz 4 Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Static Scanning refer to in ultrasound?

A

Static Scanning= Ultrasound ‘Photograph’

Static Scanning captures a single image of the area being examined.

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2
Q

What does Real-Time Imaging refer to in ultrasound?

A

Real-Time Imaging= Ultrasound ‘Movie’

Real-Time Imaging provides continuous visualization of the area being examined.

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3
Q

What is Frame Rate?

A

Ability to create numerous frames each second

Frame Rate is a crucial aspect of ultrasound imaging.

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4
Q

What is the most important operational parameter associated with an ultrasound ‘movie’?

A

Frame Rate

Frame Rate directly influences the quality of the ultrasound image.

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5
Q

What determines Frame Rate in ultrasound imaging?

A

Sound’s speed in the medium and depth of imaging

The speed of sound in soft tissue is considered to be constant at 1.54 km/s.

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6
Q

What is the speed of sound in soft tissue?

A

1.54 km/s

This value is used as a standard for calculating Frame Rate.

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7
Q

What units are used to measure Frame Rate?

A

Hertz

Hertz indicates the number of frames created per second.

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: Frame Rate is determined by the speed of sound in the medium and _______.

A

depth of imaging

Depth of imaging affects how quickly frames can be generated.

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9
Q

What does ‘Accuracy’ refer to in the context of temporal resolution?

A

‘Accuracy’ refers to precision in time.

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10
Q

What does temporal resolution describe?

A

Temporal resolution describes the ability to precisely position moving structures from instant to instant.

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11
Q

What is an indicator of excellent temporal resolution?

A

Multiple frames per second.

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12
Q

What indicates poor temporal resolution?

A

Few frames per second.

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13
Q

What determines temporal resolution?

A

Frame Rate

A higher frame rate leads to improved temporal resolution.

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14
Q

What improves temporal resolution?

A

Displaying a high number of images per second

(High frame rate)

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15
Q

What are the units of temporal resolution?

A

Hertz or ‘per second’

These units measure the frequency of image display.

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16
Q

What is the relationship between frame rate and time for one frame?

A

Frame rate and time for one frame are inversely related.

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17
Q

What is the formula that relates Tframe and Frame Rate?

A

Tframe X Frame Rate = 1

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18
Q

As the time needed to make each image decreases, what happens to the frame rate?

A

Frame rate increases.

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19
Q

What are the two sonographer-controlled settings of an ultrasound system that determine FR?

A

Imaging depth and number of pulses

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20
Q

What is the effect of shallow imaging on frame rate (FR) and temporal resolution?

A

Shallow imaging increases FR and improves temporal resolution

Shallow imaging allows for faster data capture, enhancing the clarity of time-sensitive images.

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21
Q

What happens to frame rate (FR) and temporal resolution with deeper imaging?

A

Deeper imaging decreases FR and degrades temporal resolution

Deeper imaging requires more time to capture data, resulting in a lower frame rate.

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22
Q

How are imaging depth and frame rate related?

A

Imaging Depth and Frame Rate are INVERSELY Related

As one increases, the other decreases, affecting the quality of imaging.

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23
Q

What is temporal resolution in the context of imaging?

A

Pulses per image

Temporal resolution refers to the ability to distinguish between events in time, which in imaging relates to how many pulses are used to create a single image.

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24
Q

What factors affect the number of pulses required to create an image?

A

Factors include:
* Number of pulses per scan line
* Sector size
* Lines per angle of sector

Each of these factors influences the overall image quality and detail.

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25
What is the definition of Single Focus in ultrasound imaging?
An individual sound beam has only one focus.
26
What occurs with single focus imaging?
Only one sound pulse is transmitted down each scan line.
27
What happens when Multi-Focus is activated by the sonographer?
More pulses are transmitted down each scan line.
28
What is the effect of Multi-Focus on the number of pulses required to create each image?
The number of pulses required increases.
29
What are the consequences of using Multi-Focus in ultrasound imaging?
Decreases frame rate and diminishes temporal resolution.
30
What are the 5 effects of single focus?
One pulse per scan line Shorter Tframe High frame rate Better temporal resolution Poor lateral resolution
31
What are the 5 effects of Multi focus?
Many pulses per scan line Long Tframe Lower frame rate Poor temporal resolution Better lateral resolution
32
What is the number of pulses needed to create an image in a US system with a single focus?
100 distinct sound pulses ## Footnote This is the baseline for a single focus system.
33
How many pulses are needed to create each scan line when the system is adjusted to operate with 3 foci?
3 pulses ## Footnote Each focus requires its own pulse.
34
What is the total number of pulses needed to create an image with 3 foci if the original image requires 100 pulses?
300 pulses ## Footnote Calculation: 3 foci x 100 pulses = 300 pulses.
35
Increasing the number of foci leads to what effect on the time required to make each image?
Increasing time required ## Footnote More foci means more pulses, thus more time.
36
What happens to the frame rate as the number of foci increases?
Decrease frame rate ## Footnote This is due to the increased time needed for imaging.
37
What is the impact on temporal resolution when the frame rate decreases?
Diminished Temporal resolution ## Footnote Lower frame rate affects the ability to capture fast-moving structures.
38
What is the disadvantage of using multiple focal zones on temporal resolution?
Multi-focus degrades temporal resolution ## Footnote This means that while the images may improve in accuracy, the speed at which they can be obtained is reduced.
39
How does multi-focus affect the accuracy of individual images?
It improves the accuracy of individual images ## Footnote This is achieved by enhancing the quality of the images at varying depths.
40
What advantage does multi-focus have on lateral resolution?
Each scan line has better lateral resolution ## Footnote This improvement is due to the scan lines being narrower over a wider range of depths.
41
Fill in the blank: Multi-focus improves the accuracy of individual images but degrades _______.
temporal resolution
42
What is the effect of increasing sector size on pulses per image?
More pulses to create an image, decreases frame rate, degrades temporal resolution ## Footnote Frame rate (FR) is the frequency at which images are produced in ultrasound imaging.
43
What happens to frame rate when sector size is increased?
Decreases frame rate ## Footnote A lower frame rate can lead to poorer temporal resolution in imaging.
44
What is the effect of decreasing sector size on pulses per image?
Less pulses to create an image, increases frame rate, improves temporal resolution ## Footnote Improved temporal resolution allows for better visualization of moving structures.
45
What happens to frame rate when sector size is decreased?
Increases frame rate ## Footnote A higher frame rate provides better temporal resolution.
46
Fill in the blank: Increasing sector size leads to _______ in temporal resolution.
degradation ## Footnote Temporal resolution refers to the ability to distinguish moving structures in imaging.
47
Fill in the blank: Decreasing sector size leads to _______ in temporal resolution.
improvement ## Footnote Temporal resolution is crucial for dynamic imaging scenarios.
48
What are the 4 effects of a narrow sector?
Fewer pulses Shorter Tframe High frame rate Great temporal resolution
49
What are the 4 effects of a wide sector?
More pulses per frame Longer Tframe Lower frame rate Inferior temporal resolution
50
What is the sector size in imaging?
The angle of the sector being imaged, measured in degrees. ## Footnote The sector size affects the number of sound pulses needed for image creation.
51
How many distinct sound pulses are required for a 30-degree sector image?
30 distinct sound pulses. ## Footnote This is based on the US system creating a 30-degree sector image with 1 transmit line per degree.
52
How many distinct sound pulses are needed for a 60-degree sector image?
60 distinct sound pulses. ## Footnote This results from adjusting the sector size from 30 degrees to 60 degrees.
53
What effect does increasing the sector size have on image creation time?
More time is needed to make each image. ## Footnote This is due to the increased number of distinct sound pulses required.
54
What happens to the temporal resolution when frame rate decreases?
Degrades temporal resolution
55
What does low line density indicate in terms of line spacing?
Lines spaced far apart
56
What is the effect of low line density on frame rate and temporal resolution?
Increased frame rate improves temporal resolution
57
What does high line density indicate in terms of line spacing?
Lines closely packed
58
What is the impact of high line density on the number of pulses and frame rate and temporal resolution?
decreases frame rate and degrades temporal resolution
59
If a US system creates a 90 degree sector with a line every 2 degrees, how many distinct sound pulses are needed to create an image?
45 distinct sound pulses ## Footnote This is calculated by dividing 90 degrees by 2 degrees per line.
60
How does increasing line density from 2 degrees to 1 degree affect the number of sound pulses needed?
Increases to 90 distinct sound pulses ## Footnote This increase requires more time to create an image.
61
What happens to the frame rate when line density is increased?
Frame rate decreases ## Footnote A decrease in frame rate leads to degraded temporal resolution.
62
What does high line density mean?
High line density means the gaps between the lines are smaller
63
How does smaller gaps in high line density affect image accuracy?
Smaller gaps improve the accuracy of each individual image
64
What are the 6 effects of low line density?
Wide spaced lines Few pulses per frame Short Tframe High frame rate High temporal resolution Poor spatial resolution
65
What are the 6 effects of high line density?
Highly packed lines More pulses per frame Long Tframe Low frame rate Low temporal resolution Great spatial resolution
66
What is the sonographer's responsibility regarding image settings?
To know what is important for each exam and what settings will get the most accurate image for each specific exam. ## Footnote The sonographer must adjust settings based on the specific anatomy and structures being examined.
67
What are 4 things that create a better and higher frame rate?
Shallower imaging Single focus Narrow sector Low line density
68
What are 4 things that create a worse and lower frame rate?
Deeper imaging Multi focus Wide sector High line density

Ultrasound Physics (7 decks)

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