Quiz 4 - GI

Question 1

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 1

usu premature infants

• bowel undergoes necrosis
• no known eti (maybe pseudomonas aeruginosa)

Question 2

MC cause of Enterocolitis (aka inflamm of colon and SI)

Answer 2

• infectious

- but can also be caused by crohn’s, uc, radiation

Question 3

Infectious Enterocolitis bugs and such

Answer 3

• salmonella, shigella, E. coli, campylobacter
• enteroviruses, rotavirus, norwalk virus, adenovirus
• candidiasis
• parasites like giardia lamblia

Question 4

“picnic food poisoning”

Answer 4

Staph aureus

Question 5

assoc w contaminated rice or meat from Chinese

Answer 5

Bacillus cereus

Question 6

assoc w contaminated salt water crabs and shrimps

Answer 6

Vibrio cholera and non-cholera Vibrio

Question 7

assoc. w improperly canned fruits, veggies

Answer 7

Clostridium botulinum

Question 8

1 cause of foodborne illness in US

Answer 8

Norovirus

- second is Salmonella

Question 9

1 cause of death by foodborne illness

Answer 9

Salmonella

- second is Toxoplasa gondi

Question 10

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis

• eti
• sxs
• complication

Answer 10

• anti-biotic assoc diarrhea
• C. diff
• smelling diarrhea, fever, abd pain
• toxic megacolon

Question 11

Pseudomembranous enterocolitis pseudomembrane contains what? - btw, it is shed in the stool

Answer 11

inflamm cells mainly neutrophils, necrotic epithelium, mucus w the overgrowth of C. diff

Question 12

test for Pseudomembranous enterocolitis

Answer 12

• toxins or the bacteria in stool

done by C. diff antigen and PCR assay for toxin genes

Question 13

Tumors are more common in SI or LI?

Answer 13

LI

Question 14

Leiomyoma - what is it? histo?

Answer 14

• smooth muscle benign tumor

- spindle cells containing cigar-shaped nuclei and no evidence of mitotic activity

Question 15

benign small bowel tumors - most common are?

Answer 15

mc are hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, stromal (leiomyoma), lipoma, hamartoma

Question 16

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

• sxs
• histo

Answer 16

• mouth, gums, lips - hyperpigmentation
• hamartomas
• small bowel benign tumors
• histo is “frond-like”

Question 17

MC primary small bowel malignant tumor is

Answer 17

adenocarcinoma

• but it’s really rare
• vs colon cancer

Question 18

types of colorectal polyps

- most common?

Answer 18

• benign = hyperplastic (MC)
• tubular adenoma is pre malignant
• villous adenoma
• colorectal adenocarcinoma

Question 19

Adenomatous Polyp

- histo

Answer 19

aka tubular is benig - pre-malig

• larger ones have more malignant potential
• decrease in goblet cells, hyperchomatic nuclei, well-differentiated, circumscribed

Question 20

Villous Adenoma

• what % are malignant
• histo pic

Answer 20

cauliflower-like appearance dt elongated glandular structures

• less common than adenomatous polyps
• 40%

Question 21

Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome

Answer 21

“juvenile” refers to histo type of polyps

• multiple polyps in GI usu young person
• most are non-neoplastic, hamartomatous, self-limiting, benign
• but at risk for developing adenocarcinoma

Question 22

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

is also called? if combo of polyposis, osteomas, fibromas, and sebaceous cysts.

Answer 22

aka FAP

• inheritied
• thousands of polyps
• usu in LI
• “Gardner’s Syndrome”
• start out benign, but cause colon CA if untx

Question 23

Adenocarcinoma

- histo

Answer 23

“fern-like” appearance

• can be very differentiated, where glands are irregular and crowded… lumens contain bluish mucin
• hyperchromatism and pleomorphism w no normal goblet cells