Quiz 4 Heart And Respiratory

Question 1

The foramen primum is in septum ______ while foramen secundum is in septum ________

Answer 1

Septum primum. Both foramens form in the same septum

Question 2

Septum primum grows from the roof of the atrium toward the

Answer 2

Endocardial cushions

Question 3

Septum primum partially divides

Answer 3

The common atrium into left and right

Question 4

Foramen secundum forms to ensure

Answer 4

Oxygenated blood can continue moving from right to left atrium

Question 5

What vein carries O2 and nutrition from placenta to fetus prenatal and postnatal becomes ligamentum teres?

Answer 5

Umbilical vein

Question 6

What vein splits blood flow prenatally, so that 1/2 bypasses liver to enter IVC and 1/2 flows through liver sinusoids and enters IVC via hepatic veins and postnatally closes and becomes ligamentum venosum

Answer 6

Ductus venosus

Question 7

When the umbilical cord is clamped, what happens to the umbilical arteries?

Answer 7

They constrict

Question 8

Where are obliterated umbilical arteries located in adults?

Answer 8

Medial umbilical folds / ligaments

Question 9

Angioblastic cords develop from

Answer 9

Cardiogenic mesoderm

Question 10

Angioblastic cords are canalized to form

Answer 10

Small endocardial tubes

Question 11

Paired longitudinal endocardial tubes fuse to form

Answer 11

Primordial heart tube

Question 12

Fusion of the heart fold is driven by the

Answer 12

Head fold

Question 13

Mesenchyme cells in the extraembryonic mesoderm differentiate into

Answer 13

Angioblasts

Question 14

Angioblasts cluster to form

Answer 14

Blood islands

Question 15

Blood islands are formed by angioblasts in what mesoderm?

Answer 15

Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm

Question 16

Blood cells develop from

Answer 16

Endothelial cells in vessel adjacent to umbilical vesicle

Question 17

The sinuatrial node forms in the wall of

Answer 17

Sinus venosus

right wall of sinus venarum

Question 18

Whatkind of mesoderm gives rise to the cardiomyocytes and conducting system?

Answer 18

Intraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm in the head region (head mesoderm)

Question 19

Location of atrioventricular node cushions formations

Answer 19

Base of interatrial septum and superior to endocardial cushions

Question 20

AV bundles (of His) travesl

Answer 20

Interatrial septum to interventricular septum

Question 21

What is the correct way of the heart to loop

Answer 21

Loop to right, bulge to left

Question 22

After heart looping, the atrium and sinus venosus end up in this direction

Answer 22

Dorsal

Cranial

Question 23

After heart looping, bulbus and ventricle end up in this direction

Answer 23

Ventral

Caudal

Question 24

Hepatic segment of IVC is derived from

Answer 24

Part of right vitelline vein

Question 25

The prerenal segment of IVC is derived from

Answer 25

Right subcardinal vein

Question 26

Renal segment of IVC is derived from

Answer 26

Subcardinal-supracardinal anastomosis | Left and right

Question 27

Postrenal segment IVC is derived from

Answer 27

Right supracardinal vein

Question 28

The only segment of the IVC that comes from the left is the

Answer 28

Renal segment (subcardinal-supracardinal anastomosis)

Question 29

Aorticopulmonary septum formation is when what arteries do a twist

Answer 29

Bulbar and Truncal ridges

Question 30

How does Bulbar and Truncal ridges do aorticopulmonary septum formation?

Answer 30

1. Drop into heart 2. 180˚ spiral 3. Fuse and form aorticopulmonary septum

Question 31

Fate of endocardial cushions

Answer 31

AV valves + contribute to the formation of membranous interventricular septum

Question 32

Thick primordial myocardium is derived from

Answer 32

Splanchnic mesoderm around pericardial cavity

Question 33

Fate of splanchnic mesoderm (S.M.)

Answer 33

1. Primordial myocardium (heart muscle) 2. Blood islands form in EXTRAembryonic SM 3. Cardiomyocytes and conducting system form from INTRAembryonic SM 4. Visceral pleura around the primary bronchial buds

Question 34

Pleuropericardial folds form on

Answer 34

Lateral wall of pleural cavity SUPERIOR TO bronchial buds

Question 35

Pleuropericardial folds fuse medially with _______ to separate pericardial and pleural cavities (to make mediastinum) while pleuroperitoneal folds fuse transversely with _______ to separate pleural and peritoneal cavities (to make thoracic diaphragm).

Answer 35

Septum transversum

Question 36

pleuropericardial folds contribute to formation of

Answer 36

Mediastinum | Parietal pleura, somatic mesoderm

Question 37

Pleuroperitoneal folds form on

Answer 37

Lateral wall of pleural cavity INFERIOR to bronchial buds

Question 38

Pleuroperitoneal folds form

Answer 38

Primordial thoracic diaphragm | Parietal pleura, somatic mesoderm

Question 39

Secondary buds develop and become secondary bronchi. On the right side the upper secondary bud supplies the upper lobe while the lower secondary bud supplies

Answer 39

Middle and lower lobes

Question 40

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi form to supply

Answer 40

Bronchopulmonary segments

Question 41

Bronchopulmonary segments have how many on the right and left

Answer 41

R - 10 | L 8-9

Question 42

Thoracic diaphragm initially forms where?

Answer 42

Opposite the cervical somites Myoblasts from the somites migrate into diaphragm

Question 43

Myoblasts from somites migrate into diaphragm and are innervated by

Answer 43

Cervical somites “3, 4, 5 keeps diaphragm alive”

Question 44

Fluid is removed from lungs at birth in 3 ways

Answer 44

1. Squeezed out in the vag Absorbed into pulmonary 2. vasculature 3. lymphatics

Question 45

Initial breathing due to:

Answer 45

Less O2, more CO2 in delivery Cutaneous stimulation Cold air stimulation Strong contraction of thoracic diaphragm

Question 46

Rate of newborn breathing is

Answer 46

40 breaths/min

Question 47

T/F. Pseudoglandular stage of lung maturation is stage one, and there is alveoli.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

Stage two of lung development is

Answer 48

Canalicular stage

Question 49

What happens in canalicular stage?

Answer 49

Vascularized lung tissue Viability is minimal

Question 50

Terminal sac stage of lung maturation is when respiration is

Answer 50

Possible, viability is more likely

Question 51

Alveolar stage of lung development is when interalveolar capillaries bulge into

Answer 51

Alveolar lumen

Question 52

Mature alveoli develop when?

Answer 52

After birth

Question 53

Common cardinal veins do what?

Answer 53

Provide venous return from embryo

Question 54

Vitelline veins do what

Answer 54

Provide venous return from yolk sac

Question 55

Umbilical veins do what

Answer 55

Provide venous return from placenta