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N111 > Quiz 4- Knowledge dissemination & theorists > Flashcards

Quiz 4- Knowledge dissemination & theorists Flashcards

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1
Q

hallmark of nursing practice

A

unique body of knowledge combined with a set of principles that guide the application of knowledge to the context

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2
Q

aim of nursing theory

A

to organize knowledge about nursing to enable nurses to use it in a professional & accountable manner

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3
Q

definition of a theory

A

purposeful set of assumptions/propositions that identify the relationships between concepts

  • provide a systematic view of explaining, predicting & prescribing phenomena
  • nursing theories usually not propositional, they reflect conceptualization of nursing for the purpose of describing explaining or prescribing care
  • constitute one aspect of disciplinary knowledge & create vital linkages to how inquiry is approached
  • provide perspective from which to view client situations, a way to organization data & a method of analyzing & interpreting info to bring about coherent & informed practice
  • human interventions
  • guide our actions, help us set forth desirable outcomes
  • give evidence to what has been achieved
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4
Q

what did conceptual frameworks do

A

organized core nursing concepts & proposed a relationship between these concepts “mental maps

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5
Q

conceptual frameworks purpose

A

to make sense of information & knowledge & information & decisional process thats a nurse needs to apply knowledge into practice

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6
Q

can nursing theories be proved or disproved with empirical devices?

A

no they represent ideas about how nurses might organize knowledge & processes of applying it

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7
Q

what is a concept

A

a mental formulation of objects or events, representing the basic way in which ideas are organized & communicated
ex. Anxiety

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8
Q

what is a conceptualization

A

the process of forming concepts

ex. Framing behaviour patterns as anxiety related

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9
Q

what is an operational definition

A

a description of concepts said i na way that can be applied to decision making. Links concepts with other concepts & theories & often includes essential properties & distinguishing features of a concept.
ex. Differentiating the measurement of state & trait of anxiety

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10
Q

what is a theory

A

a purposeful set of assumptions/ propositions about a concept: shows relationship between concept & thereby provides a systematic view of phenomena so that they can be explained, prescribed or predicted.
Ex. Social determinants of health

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11
Q

what is an assumption

A

a description of concepts or connection of 2 concepts that are accepted as factual or true. Ideas about the nature & purpose of concepts & structure of a theory
Ex. “Nursing exists to serve a social mandate”

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12
Q

what is a preposition

A

a declarative assertion

ex. “ clients who receive appropriate nursing care have better health outcomes”

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13
Q

what is a phenomenon

A

an aspect of reality that can be consciously sensed or experienced. Nursing concepts & theory represent the theoretical approach to making sense of aspect of reality concerned with nursing.
ex. Pain

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14
Q

what is a theoretical model

A

mental representation of how things work

ex. Biopsychosocial model of health

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15
Q

what is a conceptual framework

A

the theoretical structure that links concepts together for a specific purpose. When it’s a purpose that shows that something works, it can also be described as a theoretical model. Link major nursing concepts & phenomena to direct nursing decision. (Also referred to as the nursing model or theories)
Ex. Orem’s self-care model of nursing

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16
Q

Who created the nursing process

A

Orlando

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17
Q

what do conceptual frameworks do

A

enable a nurse to grasp all aspects of a clinical situation within the larger context of available options for nursing care

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18
Q

what do nursing models attempt to do?

A

organize & synthesize knowledge about nursing so that they would be able to develop advanced clinical reasoning

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19
Q

what is a grand theory

A

Global, conceptual framework that provides insight into abstract phenomena such as human behaviour or nursing science.

  • Broad scope & require further application through research before they can be fully tested.
  • they aren’t intended to provide guidance toward specific nursing interventions. They provide structural framework to broad, abstract ideas
  • sometimes called paradigm
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20
Q

what is a middle-range theory

A

encompasses more limited scope, less abstract.
-adresses specific phenomena or concepts & reflect practice. These concepts tend to cross different nursing fields & reflect a variety of nursing care situations. Broad enough to be used in complex situations & also empirical testing

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21
Q

what is a descriptive theory

A

describes phenomena, speculates on why phenomena occur. Descriptive theories are designed not to direct specific nursing activities but to help explain client assessments & quite research

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22
Q

What is a prescriptive theory

A

addresses nursing interventions & helps predict the consequences of specific intervention.

  • should designate nursing intervention (prescription) the condition under which the prescription should occur & the consequences
  • prescriptive theories are ACTION ORIENTED
  • test of validity & predictability of nursing intervention.
  • These theories guide nursing research & develpe & test certain interventions
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23
Q

What is a nursing practice theory

A
  • Most limited scope of practice for use in a specific range of situations.
  • more direct impact on nursing
  • frameowkrs for intervention & predict outcomes.
  • Should still reflect concepts of more abstract level of nursing
  • Day to day nursing experience is a major source
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24
Q

What do kuhn do

A

challenged traditional notion of science as a logical progression of discoveries, arguing that major scientific developments occuron only when scientist through the problems in a radically new way. Creative thinking leading to new understandings

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25
what is chaos theory
predictable patterns occurred in factors that could not be predicted scientifically (new approach to complex situations) - rejected simple cause & effect relationship - dynamic & interactive phenomena are reduced to the smallest properties that can be observed within their natural context so that their interaction can be interpreted with as little inference as possible
26
Nursing ways of knowing
``` Empirical sciences Ethical personal aesthetic sociological emancipatory critical thinking ```
27
problem with NANDA
worrisome barriers to individualized care b/c of relies entirely on agreement of what constitutes average wellness & illness experience
28
Nightingale
- Pracitce observations, epidemiology * Creating an environment conductive to healing - conditions necessary to promote health
29
henderson
basic human needs * assisting the individual, sick or well to perform those acticvieis that they would perform unaided given the strength, will or knowledge * 14 basic needs
30
travelbee
existential philosophy * preventing, coping with & making meaning of illness & suffering - interpersonal process - view pt. as family & community - role of nurse: assist pt. to prevent & cope with this experience of an illness, suffering & to find meaning in this experience - communication & humanity
31
rogers
wassermann energy fields | -Focus on unitary or irreducible human being & environment as pan-dimensional energy fields
32
johnson
chin's theory of behavioural systems * Maintaining stability & balance through adjustments and adaptations to the forces that impinge on them - systems theory
33
orem
philosophy of human capacity - Maintaining capacity for self care - nursing role temporary
34
Neuman
- Open system affected by intrapersonal, interpersonal & extra personal stressors * addressing variables affecting the clients response to stressors
35
UBC
* nurturing the person as a behaviour system during critical periods of the life cycle - systems model - achieve individuals goals - nurse role: foster, protect, sustain & teach & bring systems into balance for stability & optimal health
36
Adam
- Basic human needs with biological, physiological & psychosocialcultural dimension * nursing as a helping process of restoring independence to satisfy basic human needs - empathy, caring & mutual respect
37
Parse
*Invisabile human being & environment co-create health, structured around abiding themes of meaning, rhythmicity & transcendence
38
McGill
- Practice observations * Focus on health rather than illness, family as context - focus on promoting health & changes in lifestyle
39
watson
- Phenomenal field/ unitary consciousness | * Nursing as caring, clinical caring processes
40
what are the early models mostly good for
shape the role & context of nursing during those specific time frames
41
What is a needs based theory
- patient represents a collection of needs - needs, drives & competencies were through to hold potential for explaining human behaviour - maslows heirarchy of needs - complex human behaviour is explained as a response to the competing demand of various basic needs
42
What is an interactionist theory
- focus on relationship between nurses & their clients | - defined communicative & behavioural patterns by which practitioners meet patient needs
43
Peplau
- interpersonal relationship between nurse & pt. - promot independent living - a nurse is an investigator, prober, interpreter & reporter of rich data - insight into a patients beavhour - preventing illness & maintaining health
44
what is a systems theory
- accounted for whole entity (system) & it's component parts (subsystems) & interactions between the parts & expand nursing theory by both structure & process - system in constant interaction with environment - nurses become a force acting on the system - helped nurses recognize the intervention in any one part of a system would have effects elsewhere
45
sister callista roy
- systems theory - adaptive sytem - interconnectedness - nurseL manager the stimuli that influence the adaptation
46
What is a simultaneity theory
- unitary human behaviour | - individual as irreducible whole, inherently & biologically connected with the environment
47
parse
individual is a unitary being who is indivisible, unpredictable & ever changing "human becoming theory" goal of nursing: people in a continuous process of making choices and changing health priorities. Engage with ppl in their process of becoming
48
what is the goal of theoretical knowledge
stimulate thinking & create broad understanding of the science & practice of nursing discipline
49
what are the 3 levels of theoretical abstraction:
knowing the case, knowing the patient, knowing the person
50
what is praxis
dialogue representing the dynamic interaction between theorizing & clinical practice - seeks to create a coherent foundation upon which nurses can build, challenge & integrate an infinite range of new ideas - blends are & science
51
more about using theories in modern day
not used to as prescriptive models of practice, they provide a way of conceptualizing a nurses interest & identifying researchable problems
52
Paradigm:
Can be a useful basis for understanding nursing knowledge -globalm general framework made up of assumptions about aspects of the discipline held by members to be essential in the development of the practice
53
Most abstract level of nursing knowledge
metaparadigm
54
what is philosophy
comprises statements of enduring values & believes held by members of the discipline - adresses major concepts, sets forth believes - practical guides for examining issues & clarifying priorities
55
conceptual models
reflect set of values & beliefs - less abstract than metaparagims but more abstract than theories - guidance but not distinct direction
56
nursing theories
less abstract than conceptual models or systems
57
what is the expression of human imagination
dependent on imagination and questioning nurses practice & creativity to bring new ideas to practice remaining dynamic & usefulness
58
what is domain
the theoretical & practice boundaries of the discipline | -inclue phenomena of interest, problems to be addressed & main content& methods used & roles required
59
Conceptual structures
delineates the proper concerns of nursing, guides what is to be studies & clarifies accepted ways of knowing & using corners of nursing. Guides what is to be studied & clarifies accepted ways of knowing & use content of the discipline (relates concepts within nursing theories, helps us know what is & isn't nursing)
60
what is personal knowing
striving to know the self & actualize authentic relationships -client not object
61
what is empirical knowing
science side of nursing
62
what is ethical knowing
moral component guiding choices
63
what is aesthetic knowing
art of nursing | -experiences
64
When can knowledge dissemination take place
@ end of project or throughout -End = publication or presentation, face to face meetings or can be woven into the research process
65
what is knowledge diffusion
- passive, unplanned, uncontrolled dissemination, primarily horizontal (peers) - may need to seek out info
66
what is knowledge dissemination
-active processes to communicate results to potential users by targeting, tailoring & packaging messages to an audience. Lunkage & exchange events to share relevant research. Using a knowledge broker. Media engagement, user networks
67
What is a knowledge broker
- intermediary who can facilitate collaboration between researchers & knowledge users, find evidence to shape decisions, asses, interpret & adapt evidence to context & identify emerging issues - marketting and communication of knowledge & skills & the capacity to span boundaries
68
what is a network
connect researchers & knowledge users
69
what is "the push"
producers of knowledge plan & implement approach to disseminate knowledge toward those who they think need it
70
what is "the pull"
knowledge users plan & implement strategies to pull knowledge from sources
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what is the exchange
the efforts to bring the researchers & users together | back & forth, collaborative research, consulting research. Process focused & not product focused
72
what is knowledge exchange
integrated knowledge translation, researcher & user collaboration . Requires engagement & is more time consuming
73
what makes integrated KT work well?
helps to develope a shared perspective, common language & common understanding about health & health problems. mutually agreed upon plan worth while
74
What is knowledge synthesis
summarize all pertinent studies on a specific question, can improve understanding of inconsistencies in diverse evidence & identify gaps in research to determine agenda. Must be reproducible & transparent methods
75
what is knowledge traslation
term for all activies involved in moving research from the lab, journal or conference into the people & organizations who can put it to use. Dynamic & interactive. Synthesis, dissemination, exchange & application. Improve & strengthen health system.
76
what are the barriers to evidence use
- culture that doesn't support evidence informed care - high staff turn over - limited abilities within the staff to appraise literature - lack of resources to create action based upon evidence
77
facilitators to evidence use
Librarians, financial resource allocation, educational opportunities, culture, hire a nurse knowledge broker
78
what can nurses do to support evidence
- policies - allocation of resources - encourage a culture that values evidence - hire a formalized knowledge broker
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Attributes of a nurse knowledge broker
- Education (grad level) - clincial experience (5+yr) - networking skills - experise with implementation - capacity development (staff develope new skill) - fit with organization - accountability - protected time - mentorship - organizational culture - physical resources - formalized networking opportunities
80
Individual, organization & environmental facilitators influencing guideline implementation
- group interaction - positive staff attitudes & beliefs - leadership support - champions -lead implementation process - inter-organization collaboration & networking
81
Individual & organization barriers to guideline implementation
- negative staff attitude & beliefs - limited integration of guideline recommendations into organizational structures & processes - organization system level change (change or nurse role or renovations)
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Facilitators & barriers regarding evidence
- accessibility - level of understanding - ease of implementation - belivability - compatability with what is already done
83
target audience related factors of facilitators & barrier
- attitudes & beliefs toward research use in practice - level of knowledge - time to read & implement guidelines - buy-in ( a belief that guideline will make a difference) - exchange of information process (opportunities) - cohesiveness of a team
84
resource related facilitators & barrier
- human resources (adequate staff levels) - financial resources - time as a resource - physical resources - computers, equipment - space: physical facility
85
Organization-related factors
- leadership - scope of practice - existing policy & procedure - change agents/opinion leaders - workload - concurrent projects - priorities - organization approval process

N111 (4 decks)

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