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Cardiopulmonary Diagnostic (PFTs) > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

How is CO2 measured

A

CO2 electrode uses the Severinghaus electrode

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2
Q

What are some complications of pulse ox?

A
  • poor perfusion
  • cold or shivering
  • poor connection
  • fake nails or dar colored nails
  • florescent lighting
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3
Q

Stead wells water seal has a _____ version and a _____ version

A

wet and dry

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4
Q

Dry version rubber seal connects

A

bell to wall of container to bell rolls over itself

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5
Q

What is another name for bellows spirometer ?

A

Wedge spirometer

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6
Q

What is another name for flow sensing spirometer?

A

Pneumotachometer

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7
Q

Pneumotachometer measures the

A

flow of gas

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8
Q

There are 5 types of basic types of flow sensors, what are they?

A
  • turbine
  • pressure differential
  • heated-wire
  • pitot flow sensors
  • ultrasonic flow sensors
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9
Q

Turbine flow sensor is also called

A

wrights respirometer

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10
Q

Turbine flow sensor directly measure

A

gas volumes (Ve, VT,VC)

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11
Q

What is heated wire sensors based on?

A

the cooling effect of gas flow

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12
Q

Pitot flow sensor is the pressure of gas

A

flowing against small tubes is related to gas density and velocity

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13
Q

Pitot flow sensor usually has 2 sets of tubes so that

A

bidirectional flow can be measured

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14
Q

Pitot flow sensor is aslo used in the

A

exercise testing

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15
Q

Ultrasonic flow sensor uses frequency

A

sound waves across a stream of gas
“sound waves”

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16
Q

Two types of portable spirometry

A
  • interface w/ a computer
  • stand-alone devices that incorporate a microprocessor
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17
Q

Portable spirometer uses

A

disposable flow sensors

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18
Q

Recommendations for spirometer are set forth by the

A

National Lung Health Education Program

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19
Q

Peak flow is the

A

maximum inhalation followed by a forced expiration

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20
Q

What is the low range used for small children while performing a peak flow?

A

400 L/min

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21
Q

What is the high range used for adults?

A

850L/min
(less than 5% variability)

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of body plethysmography

A
  • constant volume
    ( pressure plethysmography)
  • variable volume (Flow plethysmography)
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23
Q

Boyle’s law states?

A

Pressure and volume vary inversely

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24
Q

body plethysmography is a

A

very accurate form of testing

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25
With pressure plethysmography volume change
are inversely related to pressure change (if temp stays constant)
26
Flow plethysmography uses a
transducer in the box wall to measure volume changes in box
27
Both plethysmography use
flow sensors
28
Flow plethysmography is the most accurate
for measuring volumes
29
Free-breathing valves must be cautious of
dead space (must remain less than 100mL)
30
ABG analysis can be used to assess
gas exchange and acid-base status
31
Normal PH
7.35-7.45
32
PO2
70-100
33
PCO2:
35-45
34
BE
-2 to +2 mEq/L
35
HCO3
22-26
36
PVO2
40
37
PVCO2
40-60
38
Negative logarithm value of hydrogen ion in the blood used as a positive number
pH
39
PCO2 is the measurement of partial pressure exerted by CO2 in the blood and is
inversely related to pH
40
PO2 is the partial pressure exerted by the O2 content in the blood influenced by the
altitude and temp
41
pH is measured in ___ ways
2
42
Related to the PCO2 by the
Henderson Hasslebach equation
43
Whole blood, blood obtained anaerobically diffused through a polarographic electrode called
Clark electrode
44
As temperature increases
CO2 increases and inversely pH decreases
45
What is the body's response to an increased CO2 level?
To take take deeper and more breath (compensated), when this happens PO2 increases as well
46
Where can abgs be performed from
- usually radial or brachial artery - femoral - dorsalis pedis - posterior tibial
47
Mixed venous sample come from the
Swan Ganz (pulmonary artery catheter)
48
Venous samples form peripheral veins are not
useful for assessing oxygenation
49
What happens when air is mixed in the sample?
it causes CO2 to go down, therefore pH goes up, PO2 reads high
50
PCO2 correlates w/
ventilation
51
Hypoventilation =
CO2 increases
52
Hyperventilation =
CO2 decreases
53
If dead space is increased the body's natural response is to
increase ventilation to compensate
54
Hypercapnia is defined as
excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration
55
Alveolar air equation
PAO2=(PB-H2O) x FiO2- (PaCO2 x 1.25)
56
What can oxygen be estimated with?
SpO2; pulse ox
57
Demand valves are also called
Demand flow regulators
58
Demand valves require
pressure to trigger gas flow and responds to pt effort
59
O2 analyzer polarographic is also called
Clark electrode
60
Polargraphic is good for
monitoring during exercise testing but not metabolic studies
61
Zirconium fuel cell can be used for
exercise and metabolic studies
62
Zirconium fuel cell has a FAST response but
it has to be heated to 650- 800 degrees celsius
63
What measures aterial pressure of o2?
polargraphic and zirconium
64
Galvanic is the
most popular (no polarizing voltage needed)
65
Gas chromatograph is very
accurate and can analyze multiple gases (**as many gases as it has tubes**)
66
Thermal conductivity analyzer utilizes
helium analyzers
67
Chemoluminescent analyzers measures
nitric oxide (NO)
68
Chemoluminescent analyzers are routinely used to assess
airway inflammation
69
Ph electrode
Sanz electrode
70
Paco2 elctrode
Severinghaus electrode
71
PO2 electrode
clark electrode
72
PO2 (clark) electrode needs
a polarizing voltage
73
Portable blood gas analyzer provides
rapid results; accuracy is comparable to large machines
74
Why can amenia may cause inaccurate ready with pulse ox
Anemia may cause the pulse ox to read higher than it truly is (estimates oxygenation at the tissue, it's not a measure of PAO2)

Cardiopulmonary Diagnostic (PFTs) (6 decks)

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