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OLD "MIC 660" > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is the role of IL-2 in T cell activation?

A

drives mitosis and clonal expansion

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2
Q

Which T helper cells activate B cells for neutralization?

A

TH2
TFH

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3
Q

Which T helper cells activate phagocytic cells?

A

TH1
TH17

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4
Q

Which T helper cells help regulate immune response?

A

Treg

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5
Q

Depending on the type of infection, different __________ will be released by APC and mediate ___________

A

cytokines
differentiation into effector T cell subsets

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6
Q

What kinase regulates cytokine mediated T cell differentiation?

A

JAK

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7
Q

What is the process of cytokine mediated T cell differentiation?

A
  1. JAK is phosphorylated
  2. STAT is phosphorylated and dimerized
  3. STAT enters nucleus and turns on genes to determine effector function and cytokine production
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8
Q

What released by APCs mediates the differentiation into effector T cell subsets?

A

cytokines

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9
Q

_____ T cells require stronger activation between B7 and CD28 than ______ T cells

A

CD8
CD4

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10
Q

What 2 ways can dendritic cells present endogenous antigen to CD8 T cells on MHC I?

A
  1. DCs infected with an intracellular pathogen can activate CD8 independently
  2. DCs not infected can phagocytose intracellular pathogen before it can get into cell and use cross presentation
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11
Q

cytotoxic T cells induce ________ of target cell

A

apoptosis

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12
Q

What 2 things does cytotoxic T cells contain?

A

perforin
grazymes

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13
Q

What does FasL do for cytotoxic T cells?

A

binds to capase thats released into cytosol causing apoptosis of target cell

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14
Q

T/F?? The perforin/granzyme and Fas pathway both cause apoptosis.

A

True

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15
Q

What 3 things does TH1 induce?

A
  • enhance macrophages
  • differentiation of CD8 T cells into cytotoxic T cells
  • B cell class switching
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16
Q

What does TH2 induce?

A
  • B cells
    granulocytes v. parasitic infections
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17
Q

What does TFH cells induce?

A
  • activate and differentiation of B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymph tissues
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18
Q

What does TH17 induce?

A

recruitment of neutrophils

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19
Q

What does Treg maintain?

A
  • maintains peripheral tolerance
  • immune response
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20
Q

What signal does TH1 secrete to attract macrophages?

A

INF-gamma

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21
Q

How TH1 deal with macrophages that cannot clear infection?

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A

induces FasL to causes apoptosis of infected macrophages

22
Q

TH1 cells induce _________ in B cells which activates the classical complement pathway

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A

class switching

23
Q

TH1 secrete ____ and ______ to induce CD8 T cells to differentiate into CTL

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A

IL-2
INF-gamma

24
Q

What TH cell is specific for worm parasites (helminths) ?

25
What 2 cytokines are produced by TH2 cells and what do they induce?
IL-4 (class switching in B cells for IgE) IL-5 (degranulation)
26
What cytokine does TFH cells produce to keep them in secondary lymph tissue?
CXCR5
27
What is called when TFH recognizes the antigen presented by B cells in secondary lymph tissue?
conjugate pair
28
What is it called when a cluster of proliferating TFH and B cells form in the germinal center?
primary focus
29
What cytokine does TH17 produce to recruit neutrophils?
IL-17
30
What T helper cells help with peripheral tolerance?
Treg
31
What T helper cells help prevent an overactive immune system?
Treg
32
How do Treg cells help prevent an overactive immune system?
deactivate CD4 and CD8 cells once they do their job
33
New cancer treatment decreases the function of what T helper cell?
Treg
34
What do natural killer T cells (NKT) express?
express TCR (adaptive) express surface receptors of NK cells (innate)
35
On NKT cells, what does their alpha/beta receptors recognize?
glycolipids presented on CD1d
36
How do NKT cells kill infected cells?
1. apoptosis via perforin/granzymes 2. apoptosis via FasL
37
What is the T cell immunodeficiency, Omenn Syndome? (inherited)
Rag1/2 are mutated causing VDJ recombination to not occur
38
What is the T cell immunodeficiency, Mutations in Cytokine Receptor gamma(yc)-chain? (inherited)
prevent JAK3 activation preventing cytokines and important functions for T cells (like development, differentiation, activation and expansion)
39
What is the T cell immunodeficiency, ADA deficiency? (inherited)
ADA and PNP deficiency inhibiting DNA synthesis preventing cell proliferation excess dGTP which is toxic to cells causing apoptosis
40
What is the T cell immunodeficiency, DiGeroge Syndrome? (inherited)
absence of a portion on chromosome 22 impacts thymus development = decreased T cells
41
What is the T cell immunodeficiency, Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome (BLS)? (inherited)
Class I: TAP (responsible for getting antigens from cytoplasm to ER for class I MHC) is mutated Class II: MHC II isn't expressed
42
What is the T cell immunodeficiency, Mutations in Signaling Proteins? (inherited)
CD3 and ZAP-70 are mutated preventing activation of T cells and clonal expansion
43
What is the T cell immunodeficiency, immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin? (aquired)
antiviral that prevents activation of NFAT and T cell activation
44
What is the T cell immunodeficiency, immunosuppressant drug corticosteroid? (aquired)
anti inflammatory that increases expression of IkB and blocks activation of NFkB, impairing T cells to clonal expansion
45
What is the T cell immunodeficiency, HIV and AIDS? (aquired)
reverse transcriptase of HIV infected CD4 cells and induces immunosuppression
46
What do drugs that treat HIV target?
reverse transcriptase
47
What 2 ways are self reactive T cells controlled?
negative selection peripheral tolerance
48
What is an example of failure of central tolerance of T cells?
lack of AIRE results in incomplete negative selection causing autoimmunity
49
What is APECED?
absence of AIRE resulting in autoreactive cells that lead to malfunctions of endocrine glands that express tissue specific genes
50
What are 2 examples of failure of peripheral tolerance of T cells?
lack of CD28--B7 = no peripheral tolerance = anergic T cells and autoreactive T cells lack of CTLA4 = prevents Treg = overactive T cells
51
What is IPEX?
mutation in FOXP3 causing loss of Treg resulting in autoimmune response

OLD "MIC 660" (10 decks)

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