Quiz 5

Question 1

Risk factor

Answer 1

any attribute, characteristic, or exposure associated with increased likelihood of developing disease/injury

Question 2

Etiological factor

Answer 2

any attribute, characteristic, or exposure known to CAUSE disease

Question 3

Modifiable risk factors

Answer 3

either acquired or anatomical (ex/restorations, biofilm, malposition teeth, smoking, diet)

Question 4

Nonmodifiable risk factors

Answer 4

socioeconomic status, genetics, adolescence, pregnancy, age, leukemia

Question 5

Aquired local risk factors

Answer 5

calculus, overhanging restorations, poorly contoured restorations

Question 6

Anatomic risk factors

Answer 6

malpositioned teeth, root grooves, concavities, furcations

Question 7

Systemic risk factors

Answer 7

uncontrolled diabetes, stress, hormonal changes, systemic bone disorders, neutrophilic disorders (perio as manifestation of systemic disorder)

Question 8

Tobacco use

Answer 8

most significant known risk factor for perio

Question 9

Medications

Answer 9

can cause gingival enlargement
calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants, immunosuppressants

Question 10

Biological equilibrium

Answer 10

physiological mechanism that functions to maintain balance in body
aka homeostasis

Question 11

microbes

Answer 11

all types of microscopic organisms
bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses
not all are pathogenic

Question 12

Gram staining

Answer 12

classified bacteria based on cell envelop structure, either gram-positive or gram-negative

Question 13

Gram-positive

Answer 13

thick single cell wall, stains purple

Question 14

Gram-negative

Answer 14

double cell wall (2 membranes with single wall between) containing LPS (endotoxin), pink or red

Question 15

Biofilm

Answer 15

dynamic microbial community embedded into matrix adhered to living or nonliving surface, may be responsible for 65% of diseases

Question 16

Biofilm formation timeline

Answer 16

within minutes: free floating attach to surface
2-4 hours: strongly attached microcolonies
6-12 hours: produce initial extracellular matrix

Question 17

Biofilm evolves into fully mature biofilm in…

Answer 17

2-4 days, extremely resistant to antibiotics and antimicrobial agents

Question 18

What is the best way to control biofilm?

Answer 18

physical removal to break up dental biofilm

Question 19

Commensal bacteria

Answer 19

part of normal floral in mouth, prevent colonization of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria

Question 20

Transmissible (direct or indirect)

Answer 20

transfer of bacteria that may or may not produce infection in an individual
periodontal pathogens are transmissible, but it is NOT an infectious disease

Question 21

Vertical tranmission

Answer 21

most common, sharing salsa between caregiver and child, occurs between different generations

Question 22

Horizontal transmission

Answer 22

less common, individuals of same generation kissing

Question 23

Gram negative species

Answer 23

Neisseria, Veillonella, Aggregatibacter, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Spirochetes of ANUG

Question 24

Gram positive spices

Answer 24

streptococcus, peptostreptococcus, actinomyces, rothia, eubacterium, mycoplasm

Question 25

Stage 1: Initial attachment

Answer 25

dynamic and reversible, pellicle of tooth, within hours

Question 26

Stage 2: permanent attachment

Answer 26

....

Question 27

Stage 3: Maturation Phase I

Answer 27

self protective extracellular matrix

Question 28

Stage 4: Maturation Phase II

Answer 28

micro colony formation, microbial blooms (specific species growing at accelerated rates

Question 29

Quorum sensing

Answer 29

bacterial signaling; communicate by releasing small proteins

Question 30

Fluid channels

Answer 30

facilitate movement of nutrients and O2 to bacteria, carry away waste products

Question 31

Stage 5: Dispersion

Answer 31

escape from the matrix, enables bacteria to spread and colonize new tooth surfaces *essential stage of lifecycle

Question 32

Non specific plaque hypothesis (historical)

Answer 32

over accumulation of plaque biofilm and overabundance of bacteria in biofilm lead to gingival inflammation

Question 33

Socransky's microbial complexes (historical)

Answer 33

microbial composition of biofilm, rather than the amount, is deciding factor in development of periodontal disease

Question 34

Orange and red complexes

Answer 34

periodontal disease Red: P. gingival, T. forsythia, T. denticola

Question 35

Yellow, green, blue, purple complexes

Answer 35

gingival health

Question 36

Ecological plaque hypothesis (current)

Answer 36

accumulation of nonspecific bacteria triggers host inflammatory response, environment in sulcus becomes more conductive to growth of pathogenic bacteria *shift in local environment driving disease

Question 37

Microbial homeostasis-host response hypothesis (current)

Answer 37

shift from beneficial to pathogenic bacteria triggers uncontrolled host inflammatory response, causes tissue destruction

Question 38

Keystone pathogen host-response hypothesis

Answer 38

SPECIFIC species of pathogenic bacteria trigger uncontrolled host immune response