Quiz 5 Flashcards
(33 cards)
Internal attribution
Explanations based on someone’s individual characteristics
- personality traits
- attitudes
- abilities
External attributions
Explanations based on situations or events
Fundamental attribution error
Tendency to make internal attributions for other peoples behavior (even when there is contradictory evidence)
Self-serving bias
Attribute causes of our own behavior as internal or external to maximize credit for successes and minimize blame for failures
Social cognition
Thinking about, remembering information and categorizing other people
First impressions
First information influences us more than later information
People do not spend time to reverse unfavorable evaluations
Self fulfilling prophecies
Expectations that change ones behavior to increase the likelihood of the predicted events
Heuristics
Mental shortcuts to enable fast evaluations of others
Representative heuristic
Tendency to categorize people based on one or a few characteristics
Availability heuristic
Tendency to believe that the most memorable things about someone or a group of people are the most frequent, important and defining
Regression fallacy
Extreme behaviors are most memorable and easiest to think of. Belief that when the behavior is less extreme/ more average the next time, it is a result of something you or someone else has done
Attitudes - cognitive
Representative heuristics distinguish members of one group from those of another
Availability heuristics lead to overestimating the frequency or importance of distinctive characteristics
Attitudes - affective
Feeling or emotional judgment about a particular group
Attitudes - behavioral
Act in a certain way toward members of a perceived group (discrimination)
Origins of prejudice
Authoritarian personality and parenting
Dissatisfaction and scapegoating
Intergroup competition
Social identity
Social identity
Ingroups vs outgroups: positive attitudes towards ingroups, negative attitudes toward outgroups
Group think
Tendency for group members to develop similar attitudes, opinions and actions
Persuasive arguments: fear
Effective only if you can convince someone that the danger is real
Persuasive arguments: similarity
People are persuaded more by speakers who are perceived as similar to themselves
Group endorsement
People are persuaded more by arguments presented by a group with which they identify
Forewarning effect
People will try to resist the message if they are told ahead of time that the message is intended to persuade them
Inoculation effect
Presenting weak then strong arguments is less effective because if people reject your first argument, they are more likely your second argument
Foot in the door technique
Once someone accepts a modest request, they are more likely to accept a larger request
Door in the face technique
Once someone rejects a request, they are more likely to accept a second, more reasonable one
