Quiz 5

Question 1

When a system in a state of dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, it will react to re-establish the equilibrium condition. Example?

Answer 1

Le Chatelier’s Principle

hemoglobin loads up on oxygen in the lungs and dumps oxygen into the cells where oxygen concentration is low

Question 2

The Equilibrium Constant

Answer 2

A system is in a state of equilibrium when there is a balance between reactants and products

• This balance is defined by thermodynamics (bond strengths and the intermolecular forces between all the molecules in the system)
• The equilibrium constant is the numerical description of that balance

Question 3

As K _______, the reaction tends to increasingly favor products. As K _______, the reaction tends to increasingly favor starting materials

Answer 3

increases

decreases

Question 4

An acid is a proton (hydrogen ion) _____.

A base is a proton (hydrogen ion) ______.

Answer 4

donor

acceptor

Question 5

When an acid donates a proton, it is converted into its ?

Answer 5

conjugate base

Question 6

When a base accepts a proton, it is converted into its?\

Answer 6

conjugate acid

Question 7

An amphoteric species can? example?

Answer 7

behave as either an acid or a base

h2O

Question 8

The ____ the acid, the _____ the conjugate base and vice versa

Answer 8

stronger

weaker

Question 9

A ______ acid is more determined to _____ proton to some base

Answer 9

stronger

give its

Question 10

A _____ base is more determined to _______ proton from some acid

Answer 10

stronger

take a

Question 11

The pH scale is based on the _______________ ?

Answer 11

self-ionization of water

Question 12

A pH buffer is?

Answer 12

a solution that resists changes in pH

Question 13

a buffer contains?

Answer 13

a weak acid and conjugate base

Question 14

used to determine the ratio of weak acid to its conjugate base at a given pH?

Answer 14

Henderson-Hasselbach equation

Question 15

When the ________ of a weak acid and its conjugate base are equal, the pH is equal to the pKa

Answer 15

concentration

Question 16

The ____ form of a drug is water soluble (hydrophilic)

Answer 16

ionized

Question 17

Acid + Acid = ?

Answer 17

nonionized

Question 18

weak acid examples?

Answer 18

Calcium _____, sodium _____ , magnesium _____

Question 19

base + base = ?

Answer 19

nonionized

Question 20

weak base examples?

Answer 20

“drug” chloride, “drug” sulfate, aka Lidocaine hydrochloride and morphine sulfate

Question 21

_________ form of weak acid is acid and the ionized form is its conjugate base

Answer 21

non-ionized

Question 22

The pH of the fetus is _____ than maternal, the circulating nonionized drug crosses the placental barrier. Once in the fetus, equilibrium is reestablished, with a greater % _____ and trapped in fetal circulation

Answer 22

lower

ionized

Question 23

what two things add up to determine if solution is endo/exothermic?

Answer 23

• lattice energy
• solvation energy

(both are inherently exothermic)

Question 24

As pressure ______ , solubility _______ ?

Answer 24

increases/increases - if temp remains constant

Question 25

As Temp ______, Solubility ______ ? Gas vs liquid?

Answer 25

decreases/increases for gas in liquid Increases/increases for liquid in liquid

Question 26

the ______ the liquid, the more gas that will dissolve in the liquid

Answer 26

colder = higher solubility

Question 27

Colligative properties include:

Answer 27

- Vapor pressure decreasing - Freezing point depression - Osmotic pressure increase - Boiling point elevation

Question 28

The vapor pressure of a solution is given by

Answer 28

Raoult’s Law

Question 29

As vapor pressure goes _____, boiling point goes ____?

Answer 29

down up

Question 30

Carbon tends to form four bonds in a tetrahedral geometry. ____________ are formed when there is a substitution of a __________ at one or more of these positions

Answer 30

Hydrocarbon derivatives functional group

Question 31

how many bonds alkanes, alkenes, alkynes?

Answer 31

1 2 3

Question 32

The hydrocarbon functional groups include:

Answer 32

Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics

Question 33

All hydrocarbons are ________ ?

Answer 33

flammable

Question 34

allows free rotation at C bond?

Answer 34

Alkanes

Question 35

freezes the rotation at C bond?

Answer 35

Alkenes - so less flexible than alkanes

Question 36

characteristic of low melting points/liquids at room temperature.

Answer 36

Alkenes

Question 37

Platinum catalyst during the process removes pairs of H+ atoms, reintroducing C=C bonds as ____ configuration. Creates greater stability than ____ double bonds. Trans-fats and heart disease!

Answer 37

trans cis

Question 38

functional groups based on water?

Answer 38

- Alcohols | - Ethers

Question 39

Introduction of _________ onto the organic backbone of anesthetics partially oxidizes the molecule, rendering it much less flammable and much safer to work with

Answer 39

halogens

Question 40

The carbonyl functional groups include:

Answer 40

``` Aldehydes Ketones Amides Carboxylic acids Esters ```

Question 41

Fats have a much higher _______ ratio. This is why carbohydrates contain fewer calories per gram than fats.

Answer 41

carbon to oxygen

Question 42

Since water is responsible for tearing the ester molecule apart, the reverse reaction is called ______ ?

Answer 42

hydrolysis