Quiz 6- Anatomy Of The Nervous System: Neurons

Question 1

Bipolar neurons

Answer 1

2 projections from cell body, sensory neurons for distance senses (vision, hearing, and smell)

Question 2

Multipolar neurons

Answer 2

More than 2 projections, motor neurons (PNS)

Question 3

Interneurons

Answer 3

Cell in CNS used for processing info

Question 4

Local circuit Interneurons

Answer 4

Stellate cells AKA “association neurons”, communication between neurons

Question 5

Projection Interneurons

Answer 5

Pyramidal cells, long axon= neurotransmitter, carries info to spinal cord

Question 6

Purkinje cells

Answer 6

Fan shaped, carry info from cerebellum to other parts of the brain and spinal cord

Question 7

Soma

Answer 7

Cell body

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

DNA is found here

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Transmits msgs

Question 10

Dendrites

Answer 10

Treelike, receive chemical msgs

Question 11

Axon hillock

Answer 11

Small triangle before axon, biological decision maker, decides whether or not to pass on msg

Question 12

Myelin sheath

Answer 12

Fatty sheath, electrical insulation, speeds up neuroconduction and is segmented (not continuous)

Question 13

Node of Ranvier

Answer 13

Gaps of myelin sheath where the axon is exposed

Question 14

Axon terminal

Answer 14

“Axon ending”, “terminal button”, and “terminal bouton”; neurotransmitters are released here

Question 15

Micro tubules

Answer 15

Transports material from soma to axon terminal and back

Question 16

Synaptic vesicles

Answer 16

Special membrane bubble, which contains neurotransmitters

Question 17

Anterograde transport

Answer 17

Soma –> axon terminal

Question 18

Retrograde transport

Answer 18

Axon terminal –> soma

Question 19

Neuroglial cells

Answer 19

“Nerve glue”, out # neurons 10 to 1

Question 20

Astrocytes

Answer 20

“Star-shaped”, provide energy to neurons, “middle men”: coordinate activity into waves

Question 21

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 21

Create myelin sheaths for axons in the CNS, when they die the sheaths die

Question 22

Microglial cells

Answer 22

Remove dead tissue, mild form of an immune system by inflammation

Question 23

Schwann cells

Answer 23

Create myelin sheath in PNS

Question 24

Golgi staining

Answer 24

Silver nitrate, only shows silhouettes

Question 25

Nissl staining

Answer 25

Cresyl violet, penetrates the membranes and binds to structures within

Question 26

Electron microscopy

Answer 26

10,000X magnification Standard= 2D (highly detailed) Scanning= 3D (not as detailed)

Question 27

Amino acid autoradiography

Answer 27

Anterograde and the substance is injected by the cell, transports down to the axon terminal

Question 28

Horseradish proxidase

Answer 28

Retrograde, injects substances (enzymes) in the brain at the axon terminals, transported back to the soma

Question 29

Neuron conductor speeds

Answer 29

Humans= -myelinated: 60m/sec -unmyelinated: 1m/sec Cats= 100m/sec

Question 30

Galvani

Answer 30

Stimulated frog legs

Question 31

Bernstein

Answer 31

2 state theory

Question 32

John z young

Answer 32

Large squid have large axons (1mm across, very large), took axon out of squid

Question 33

Oscilloscope

Answer 33

Measure difference in voltage and displayed on screen

Question 34

Micro electrodes

Answer 34

Intracellular, inside cell membrane in fluid

Question 35

Ion

Answer 35

Charged particle

Question 36

Potential

Answer 36

Electrical charge

Question 37

Graded potential

Answer 37

Electrical charge that varies in strength

Question 38

Decremental potential

Answer 38

Electrical charge that fades in strength

Question 39

Synaptic potential

Answer 39

Electrical charges resulted from communication across synapse, occurs in dendrites and soma, graded and decremental

Question 40

Action potential

Answer 40

Electrical charge in axon, non graded and non decremental

Question 41

Non graded potentials

Answer 41

Electrical charges that don't vary in strength

Question 42

Unipolar neurons

Answer 42

One projection from cell body, sensory neuron for constant senses (touch)