Quiz 6: Lower Extremity Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
tensor fasciae latae origin
A
anterior superior iliac spine
2
Q
tensor faciae latae insertion
A
iliotibial tract
3
Q
tensor fascia latae action
A
tenses fascia lata
hip joint: abduction, flexion, internal rotation
4
Q
piriformis origin
A
pelvic surface of sacrum
5
Q
piriformis insertion
A
greater trochanter of femur
6
Q
piriformis action
A
External rotation, abduction, and extension of the hip joint
Stabilizes the hip joint
7
Q
obturator internus origin
A
Inner surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundaries
8
Q
obturator internus insertion
A
medial surface of greater trochanter
9
Q
obturator internus action
A
External rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip joint (also active in abduction, depending on the joint’s position)
10
Q
gemelli superior origin
A
ischial spine
11
Q
gemelli inferior origin
A
ischial tuberosity
12
Q
gemelli (superior/inferior) insertion
A
jointly with obturator internus tendon (medial surface, greater trochanter)
13
Q
Gemelli (superior and inferior) action
A
External rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip joint (also active in abduction, depending on the joint’s position)
14
Q
quadratus femoris origin
A
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
15
Q
quadratus femoris insertion
A
intertrochanteric crest of femur
16
Q
quadratus femoris action
A
hip: external rotation and adduction
17
Q
sartorius origin
A
anterior superior iliac spine
18
Q
sartorius insertion
A
Medial to the tibial tuberosity (together with gracilis and semitendinosus)
19
Q
sartorius action
A
hip: flexion, abduction, external rotation
knee: flexion, internal rotation
20
Q
rectus femoris origin
A
anterior inferior iliac spine, acetabular roof of hip joint
21
Q
rectus femoris insertion
A
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
22
Q
rectus femoris action
A
hip: flexion
knee: extension
23
Q
vastus medialis origin
A
linea aspera and intertrochanteric line
24
Q
vastus medialis insertion
A
both sides of tuberosity on medial and lateral epicondyles via medial and longitudinal patellar retinacula
25
vastus medialis action
extends knee
26
vastus lateralis origin
linea aspera and greater trochanter
27
vastus lateralis insertion
both sides of tuberosity on medial and lateral epicondyles via medial and longitudinal patellar retinacula
28
vastus lateralis action
extends knee
29
vastus intermedius origin
Femoral shaft (anterior side)
30
vastus intermedius insertion
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
31
vastus intermedius action
extends knee
32
articularis genus origin
anterior side of femoral shaft at level of the suprapatellar recess
33
articularis genus insertion
suprapatellar recess of knee joint capsule
34
articularis genus action
knee: extension
| retracts suprapatellar bursa to prevent entrapment of capsule
35
pectineus origin
pecten pubis
36
pectineus insertion
pectineal line of femur and proximal linea aspera
37
pectineus action
hip: adduction, external rotation, slight flexion
| stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane
38
adductor longus origin
Superior pubic ramus and anterior side of the pubic symphysis
39
adductor longus insertion
Femur (linea aspera, medial lip in the middle third of the femur)
40
adductor longus action
hip: adduction, flexion (up to 70 degrees), extension (past 80 degrees of flexion)
stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane
41
adductor brevis origin
inferior ramus of pubis
42
adductor brevis insertion
Femur (linea aspera, medial lip in the middle third of the femur)
43
adductor brevis action
hip: adduction, flexion (up to 70 degrees), extension (past 80 degrees of flexion)
stabilizes pelvis in coronal and sagittal plane
44
gracilis origin
inferior ramus of pubis below symphysis
45
gracilis insertion
Tibia (medial border of the tuberosity, along with the tendons of sartorius and semitendinosus)
46
gracilis action
hip: adduction, flexion
knee: flexion and internal rotation
47
obturator externus origin
Outer surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundaries
48
obturator externus insertion
trochanteric fossa of femur
49
obturator externus action
hip: adduction, external rotation
| stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
50
adductor magnus origin
ischial and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity
51
adductor magnus (deep) insertion
medial lip of linea aspera
52
adductor magnus (superficial) insertion
adductor tubercle of femur
53
adductor magnus action
hip: adduction, extension, slight flexion (superficial does internal rotation)
stabilized pelvis in coronal and sagittal planes
54
biceps femoris long head origin
ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
55
biceps femoris short head origin
lateral lip of linea aspera in middle third of femur
56
biceps femoris insertion
head of fibula
57
biceps femoris long head action
hip: extention, stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
knee: flexion, external rotation
58
biceps femoris short head action
knee: flexion, external rotation
59
semimembranosus origin
ischial tuberosity
60
semimembranosus insertion
Medial tibial condyle, oblique popliteal ligament, popliteus fascia
61
semimembranosus action
hip: extension, stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
knee: flexion, internal rotation
62
semitendinosus origin
ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
63
semitendinosus insertion
medial to tibial tuberosity in the pes anserinus (along with tendons of gracilis and sartorius)
64
semitendiosus action
hip: extension, stabilizes pelvis in sagittal plane
knee: flexion, internal rotation
65
tibialis anterior origin
tibia, interosseous membrane, superficial crural fascia
66
tibialis anterior insertion
medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
67
tibialis anterior action
talocrural joint: dorsiflexion
| subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
68
extensor hallucis longus origin
fibula and interosseous membrane
69
extensor hallucis longus insertion
1st toe (at the dorsal aponeurosis and the base of its distal phalanx)
70
extensor hallucis longus action
talocrural joint: dorsiflexion
subtalar joint: active in both eversion and inversion (pronation/supination)
depending on initial position of foot extends the MTP and IP joints of big toe
71
extensor digitorum longus origin
Fibula (head and medial surface), tibia (lateral condyle), and interosseous membrane
72
extensor digitorum longus insertion
2nd to 5th toes (at the dorsal aponeuroses at the bases of the distal phalanges)
73
extensor digitorum longus action
talocrural: dorsiflexion
subtalar: eversion (pronation)
extends MTP and IP joints of 2nd-5th toes
74
fibularis tertius origin
distal fibula
75
fibularis tertius insertion
base of 5th metatarsal
76
fibularis tertius action
talocrural joint: dorsiflexion
| subtalar joint: eversion (pronation)
77
fibularis longus origin
Fibula (head and proximal two thirds of the lateral surface, arising partly from the intermuscular septa)
78
fibularis longus insertion
medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
79
fibularis longus action
Talocrural joint: plantar flexion
Subtalar joint: eversion (pronation)
Supports the transverse arch of the foot
80
fibularis brevis origin
Fibula (distal half of the lateral surface), intermuscular septa
81
fibularis brevis insertion
5th metatarsal (tuberosity at the base, with an occasional division to the dorsal aponeurosis of the 5th toe)
82
fibularis brevis action
talocrural joint: plantar flexion
| subtalar joint: eversion (pronation)
83
gastrocnemius origin
femur (medial head: above the medial femoral condyle; lateral head: lateral surfaceof femoral condyle)
84
gastrocnemius insertion
calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal (achilles) tendon
85
gastronemius action
talocrual: plantar flexion when knee extended
knee: flexion
86
soleus origin
tibia and fibula
87
soleus insertion
calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal (achilles) tendon
88
soleus action
Talocrural joint: plantar flexion
89
plantaris origin
Femur (lateral epicondyle, proximal to lateral head of gastrocnemius)
90
plantaris insertion
calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal (achilles) tendon
91
plantaris action
negligible; may act with gastrocnemius in plantar flexion
92
tibialis posterior origin
interosseous membrane, adjacent borders of tibia and fibula
93
tibialis posterior insertion
navicular, cuneiforms, and metatarsals 2-4
94
tibialis posterior action
Talocrural joint: plantar flexion
Subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
Supports the longitudinal and transverse arches
95
tibialis posterior action
Talocrural joint: plantar flexion
Subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
Supports the longitudinal and transverse arches
96
flexor digitorum longus origin
Tibia (middle third of posterior surface)
97
flexor digitorum longus insertion
bases of distal phalanges of toes 2-5
98
flexor digitorum longus action
talocrural joint: plantar flexion
subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
MTP and IP joints of the 2nd to 5th toes: plantar flexion
99
flexor hallucis longus origin
Fibula (distal 2/3 of posterior surface), adjacent interosseous membrane
100
flexor hallucis longus insertion
1st distal phalanx (base)
101
flexor hallucis longus action
talocrural joint: plantar flexion
subtalar joint: inversion (supination)
MTP and IP joints of the 1st toe: plantar flexion
supports the medial longitudinal arch
102
popliteus origin
Lateral femoral condyle, posterior horn of the lateral meniscus
103
popliteus insertion
Posterior tibial surface (above the origin at the soleus)
104
popliteus action
knee: flexes and unlocks the knee by externally rotating femur on fixed tibia 5 degrees
105
extensor digitorum brevis origin
dorsal surface of calcaneus
106
extensor digitorum brevis insertion
2nd to 4th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses and bases of middle phalanges)
107
extensor digitorum brevis action
extension of MTP and PIP joints. of 2nd-4th toes
108
extensor hallucis brevis origin
dorsal surface of calcaneus
109
extensor hallucis brevis insertion
1st toe (at dorsal aponeurosis and proximal phalanx)
110
extensor hallucis brevis action
Extension of the MTP joints of the 1st toe
111
abductor hallucis origin
Calcaneal tuberosity, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
112
abductor hallucis insertion
1st toe (base of proximal phalanx via the medial sesamoid)
113
abductor hallucis action
1st MTP joint: flexion and abduction of the 1st toe
| Supports the longitudinal arch
114
flexor digitorum brevis origin
Calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis
115
flexor digitorum brevis insertion
2nd to 5th toes (sides of middle phalanges)
116
flexor digitorum brevis action
Flexes the MTP and PIP joints of the 2nd to 5th toes, supports the longitudinal arch
117
abductor digiti minimi origin
Calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis
118
abductor digiti minimi insertion
5th toe (base of proximal phalanx), 5th metatarsal (at tuberosity)
119
abductor digiti minimi action
flexes the MTP joint of the 5th toe
abducts the 5th toe
supports the longitudinal arch
120
quadratus plantae origin
Calcaneal tuberosity (medial and plantar borders on plantar side)
121
quadratus plantae insertion
Flexor digitorum longus tendon (lateral border)
122
quadratus plantae action
Redirects and augments the pull of flexor digitorum longus
123
Lumbricals (4 muscles) origin
tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
124
lumbricals (4 muscles) insertion
2nd-5th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses)
125
Lumbricals (4 muscles) action
flexes MTP joint of 2nd-5th toes
extension of IP joints of 2nd-5th toes
adducts 2nd-5th toes towards big toe
126
flexor hallucis brevis origin
- Cuboid
- Lateral Cuneiform
- Plantar Calcaneocuboid Ligament
127
flexor hallucis brevis insertion
1st toe (at base of proximal phalanx via medial and lateral sesamoids)
128
flexor hallucis brevis action
flexes the 1st MTP joint
| supports the longitudinal arch
129
adductor hallucis (oblique head) origin
2nd-4th metatarsals, cuboid, lateral cuneiforms
130
adductor hallucis (transverse head) origin
MTPs of 3rd-5th toes, deep transverse metatarsal ligament
131
adductor hallucis insertion
1st proximal phalanx (at base, by a common tendon via the lateral sesamoid)
132
adductor hallucis action
flexes 1st MTP joint
transverse: supports transverse arch
oblique: supports longitudinal arch
133
flexor digit minimi brevis origin
base of 5th metatarsal, long plantar ligament
134
flexor digiti minimi brevis insertion
5th toe (base of proximal phalanx)
135
flexor digiti minimi brevis action
Flexes MTP joint of little toe
136
opponens digiti minimi origin
long plantar ligament; fibularis longus (at plantar tendon sheath)
137
opponens digiti minimi insertion
5th metatarsal
138
opponens digiti minimi action
pulls 5th metatarsal in plantar and medial direction
139
plantar interossei (3 muscles) origin
3rd-5th metatarsals
140
plantar interossei (3 muscles) insertion
3rd to 5th toes (medial base of proximal phalanx)
141
plantar interossei (3 muscles) action
flexes MTP joint of 3rd-5th toes
extension of IP joint of 3rd-5th toes
adducts 3rd-5th toes toward 2nd toe
142
dorsal interossei (4 muscles) origin
1st-5th metatarsals (by two heads on opposing sides)
143
dorsal interossei (4 muscles) insertion
1st interosseus: 2nd proximal phalanx
| 2nd-4th interossei: 2nd-4th proximal phalanges and toes
144
dorsal interossei (4 muscles) action
flexes MTP joint of 2nd-5th toes
extension of IP joint of 2nd-5th toes
abducts 3rd-4th toes from 2nd toe
