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Quiz Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

cardo

A

main north-south street in an ancient Roman orthogonal city grid

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2
Q

decumanus

A

the main east-west street in an ancient Roman orthogonal city grid

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3
Q

piazza

A

Italian for “square”. An open space, usually oblong, surrounded by buildings

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4
Q

central plan

A

a ground plan that is symmetrical in all directions

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5
Q

conch

A

semicircular niche surmounted by a semi-dome

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6
Q

lantern

A

cylindrical or polygonal structure that crowns a dome, its base usually open to allow light to enter the area below

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7
Q

centering

A

a temporary wooden framework used to hold construction material in place until a vault or arch is self-sustaining

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8
Q

central plan

A

a ground plan that is symmetrical in all directions

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9
Q

conch

A

a semicircular niche surmounted by a semi-dome

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10
Q

lantern

A

a cylindrical or polygonal structure that crowns a dome, its base usually open to allow light to enter the area below

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11
Q

centering

A

a temporary wooden framework used to hold construction material in place until a vault or arch is self-sustaining

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12
Q

portico

A

an open, colonnaded, roofed space serving as a porch before the entrance to a building

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13
Q

order

A

in classical architecture, the orders consist of variations of an assembly of parts made up of a column, a capital, and an entablature

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14
Q

pietra serena

A

a grey sandstone from near Florence, often used for architectural sculpture

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15
Q

bay

A

a compartment or division of the interior or exterior of a building

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16
Q

spandrel

A

the triangular area betwen adjoining arches, or the triangular area next to a single arch

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17
Q

basilica

A

In ancient Roman architecture, a large rectangular building used as a tribunal or for other public purposes and generally arranged with nave, aisles, and one or more apses. In Christian architecture, a basilica is a longitudinal church of related form.

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18
Q

nave

A

the main central space of a basilica church plan interior extending from the entrance to the choir

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19
Q

aisle

A

a passage or corridor parallel to the nave of a church or an ancient basilica and separated from it by columns or piers

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20
Q

transept

A

the extensions to the north and south of a cross-shaped church, usually between the nave and the choir

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21
Q

crossing

A

the area where the nave and transept intersect in a cruciform church, frequently surmounted by a tower or dome

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22
Q

sanctuary

A

the area around and, particularly, in front of a high altar

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23
Q

apse

A

a circular or multi-angular termination of a church at its eastern end

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24
Q

palazzo

A

(Italian) a large palace, private house, or public building in Italy

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25
mullion
a vertical bar between the panes of glass, or lights, in a window
26
entablature
the upper part of the order in a classical building, supported by columns
27
architrave
he lowest part of an entablature, which rests on the top of a column
28
frieze
the middle of the three divisions of an entablature, between the architrave and cornice
29
cornice
the top part of an entablature, which crowns or finishes it
30
string course:
a horizontal band or course, for instance of bricks or stones, incorporated in or applied to a flat wall as decoration
31
pilaster
A shallow pier or rectangular form projecting from a wall. In classical architecture it conforms to the orders and carries an entablature
32
portal
an ornamental entrance to a building, especially a large one
33
barrel vault
a vault forming a half cylinder
34
dado
in classical architecture, it is the portion of a pedestal between its base and cornice; in modern usage it is the lower portion of an interior wall when decorated separately
35
pedestal
the area below the base supporting a column or colonnade; the term is also used more loosely to describe the base for a statue or a building resting on it
36
drum
a cylindrical or polygonal vertical wall supporting a dome
37
pier
in architecture, a solid support designed to sustain vertical pressure
38
elevation
the exterior vertical face of a building; also a drawing made in projection on a vertical plane to show any one face (or elevation) of a building
39
plan
the horizontal arrangement of the parts of a building or a drawing or diagram showing such an arrangement as a horizontal section
40
barrel vault
a vault forming a half cylinder
41
dado
in classical architecture, it is the portion of a pedestal between its base and cornice; in modern usage it is the lower portion of an interior wall when decorated separately
42
pedestal
the area below the base supporting a column or colonnade; the term is also used more loosely to describe the base for a statue or a building resting on it
43
drum
a cylindrical or polygonal vertical wall supporting a dome
44
pier
in architecture, a solid support designed to sustain vertical pressure
45
elevation
the exterior vertical face of a building; also a drawing made in projection on a vertical plane to show any one face (or elevation) of a building
46
plan
the horizontal arrangement of the parts of a building or a drawing or diagram showing such an arrangement as a horizontal section
47
villa
a large and luxurious country house in its own grounds
48
loggia
a gallery or room with one or more open sides, especially one that forms part of a house and has one side open to the garden
49
pavilion
Detached or semi-detached structure. In Western architecture the term is applied to buildings used for specialist activities such as entertainment, usually enclosed but in some cases open. Temporary or ornamental structures and tents, particularly at exhibitions or in gardens, can also be described as pavilions. In addition, the term is frequently applied to prominent sections of a building where these are distinguished by projection, height or separate roof forms, for example the pyramidal hipped roofs (pavilion roofs) used in French Renaissance architecture to distinguish central or terminal sections of a façade.
50
pediment
in classical architecture, a low-pitched gable crowning a portico or façade
51
rotunda
a round building or room, especially one with a dome
52
broken pediment
a pediment that is interrupted or broken in the middle
53
parvis
en enclosed area in front of a cathedral or church, typically surrounded with colonnades or porticoes
54
chateau
large french country house or castle
55
gable
the upper end wall of a building which mirrors the shape (usually triangular) of the pitched roof against which it abuts
56
coffer
a recessed panel in a ceiling
57
peristyle
range of columns surrounding a building or open court
58
alle
an alley in a formal garden or park, borded by trees or bushes
59
parterre
a level space in a garden occupied by an ornamental arrangement of flower beds
60
bassin
a small shallow pond, sometimes accented by a fountain
61
retablo
an elaborate altarpiece combining architecture with sculpture and painting in a profusion of ornament, frequently occupying the entire wall behind the alter and the most decorated part of the church interior
62
Grand Tour
an extended visit to the major cultural sites of southern Europe, especially Italy
63
Palladian
An architectural style derived from the buildings and publications of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio (1508-80). His particular contribution lay in his elegant town and country houses (palazzos and villas) set in and around Vicenza.
64
ha-ha
a ditch with a wall on its inner side below ground level, it forms a boundary to a park or garden, keeping out livestock without interrupting the view
65
cenotaph
a tomblike monument for a person whose body is somewhere else
66
stoa
ancient Greek term applied principally to a type of long, narrow, free-standing building with a façade of columns
67
Perpendicular Style
Term used to describe a style of Gothic architecture, peculiar to England, that flourished from the fourteenth century to the early sixteenth. The essence of the Perpendicular Style is regularity: straight lines or crystalline shapes, a thin and transparent structure exploiting stained glass on the inner surface, monochrome building materials, modular repetition, and a fineness of detail almost approaching preciousness.
68
tracery
the elaborate ornamental pattern-work in stone filling the upper part of a Gothic windo
69
cupola
a dome, especially a small one, with a circular or polygonal base on a roof or turret
70
bungalow
a low house having only one storey, or, in some cases, upper rooms within the roof
71
verandah
a roofed platform on the outside of a house, level with the ground floor
72
Haussmannization
the transformation of Paris under Napoleon III by Baron Haussmann, in the 1850s and 60s
73
École des Beaux-Arts
the most important official art school in France, founded by the French Academy in the seventeenth century
74
atelier
he French term for an artist’s studio or workshop
75
pensionnaire
French architectural student who spent an extended period studying in Rome
76
charrette:
a period of intense work on an architectural project at its conclusion, the term comes from the carts, or charettes, that were used to deliver work from students’ ateliers to the École des Beaux-Arts
77
swag
a carved ornament in the form of a garland of fruit or flowers, tied with ribbons, and suspended
78
Arts and Crafts movement
English decorative arts movement of the second half of the nineteenth century led by William Morris, it aimed to re-establish craftsmanship in an age of ever greater mass production and mechanization
79
terracotta
(Italian for “baked earth”) is made of baked clay and has been used since very early times for sculptured figures and architectural ornament
80
Prairie School
Group of architects in the Midwest of the United States led by Frank Lloyd Wright and active from around 1890 to 1920. They designed their houses with long, low profiles reminiscent of the flat prairie.
81
concrete
building material composed of cement, aggregate (usually broken stone), and water in varying proportions according to use; when mixed together the material hardens to a rock-like consistency
82
reinforced concrete
a type of concrete in which reinforcement bars (rebars) or fibres have been incorporated into the concrete matrix to strengthen the material that would otherwise be brittle
83
formwork
temporary metal or timber shuttering (usually made of wood) constructed as the mould for concrete
84
Art Nouveau
a style of architecture and design that was prominent in Western Europe and the United States from around 1890 until the First World War, characterized by flowing lines based on natural forms
85
parabola
a curve based on a conic section, an intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to its side
86
truss
a framework supporting a roof, bridge, or other structure
87
piloti
French term for a stilt or pillar used to raise a building above ground-level. Le Corbusier particularly favoured its use.
88
girder
a large iron or steel beam or compound structure used for building bridges and as the framework of large buildings
89
I-beam
a girder that has the shape of an I when viewed in section
90
curtain-wall
a thin wall between piers or other structural members that has no share in the support of other parts of the building
91
brise-soleil
(French: sun-breaker) a device that shuts out the sun, such as a perforated screen or louvres (angled slats)
92
béton brut
(French: rough concrete) concrete left in its rough state, still bearing the marks of the formwork, the metal or wooden mould which shaped it, especially fashionable in the 1950s
93
Brutalism
term coined in England in 1954 to refer to the architecture of Le Corbusier beginning in 1945, using rough exposed concrete and emphasizing blocky, chunky forms; it became widely fashionable

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