Quiz 8 Flashcards
(42 cards)
T or F : Tubes make sounds
False, it is the source and filter that contribute to produce sound
The source is related to ___ and ____ sound
- formants; shape
- formants; make
- harmonics; shape
- harmonics; make
- harmonics; make
The filter is related to ___ and ____ sound
- formants; shape
- formants; make
- harmonics; shape
- harmonics; make
- formants; shape
In a voiceless fricative, where is the SOURCE coming from? give an example
The place of articulation, e.g. for [s] it’s the alveolar ridge
In a voiceless fricative, where is the FILTER coming from?
Filter is the part that comes forward and shapes the sound
Voiceless fricatives will have slower/faster airflow than voiced fricatives
faster
How do we change the amount of air coming from the mouth (i.e. blocking vs not blocking airflow)?
By turning voicing on and off
Noise source for voiced fricatives
- The vocal cords
- The place of articulation
- The entire vocal tract
- The lungs
- Vocal cords - periodic
- Place of articulation - aperiodic
T of F: voiceless fricatives have turbulent airflow because they don’t come from the vocal cords but voiced fricatives have laminar flow
F : all fricatives have turbulent airflow
What is characterized the path of turbulent movement
it is chaotic and irregular
Which of these are NOT one of the factors that affect the movement in [s]
- Particle velocity
- Volume of the sound
- Constriction size
- Pressure
- Volume velocity
- Volume of the sound
What is laminar airflow?
The airflow where air/water particles are in perfect harmony with eachother, travelling side by side
Which natural class of sounds have laminar airflow?
- Stop sounds
- Fricatives
- Vowels
- Approximants
- Vowels
- Approximants - voiced
And increase/decrease in flow rate means an increase in the Reynolds number and WHY?
an increase in flow rate is an increase in the Reynolds number because it is part of the numerator
Describe : particle velocity, volume velocity and constriction size
- particle velocity - the speed of individual air particles
- Volume velocity - the amount of airflow moving past a specific point in time
- The amount of space available for airflow to travel in
What will air particles DO when they reach a constriction
They speed up
Two types of turbulence + examples!
- Channel turbulence - moving from, for example, the back cavity to front
- Obstacle turbulence - in the front cavity, the teeth
T or F : because of their frication, both [s] and [f] have both channel and obstacle turbulence
F, only [s] has both because it’s a sibilant
T or F : contact in a fricative between the lower lip and the upper teeth causes a narrow constriction and causes an obstacle turbulence
F, this contact is wider actually that a sibilant’s obstacle turbulence
Which of the following is true for laminar and turbulent airflow in speech sounds?
a.Laminar flow involves chaotic movement of air particles while turbulent flow is smooth and steady.
b. Approximants typically have laminar flow, whereas fricatives often have turbulent flow.
c. All sibilants have turbulent flow, while all non-sibilants exhibit both laminar and turbulent flow.
d. Laminar flow is present in all types of speech sounds.
b. Approximants typically have laminar flow, whereas fricatives often have turbulent flow.
Which of the following statements about voiceless fricatives are true?
a. Voiceless fricatives rely solely on laminar airflow.
b. The primary noise source is the vocal folds.
c. Turbulent airflow is generated due to irregular vocal fold vibration in the larynx.
d. The noise source is located at the place of articulation.
d. The noise source is located at the place of articulation.
Which of the following are true about the Reynolds number? (Two correct answers.)
a. A speech sound having a Reynolds number of 900 indicates that it there’s turbulent flow in the sound.
b. The Reynolds number increases as fluid velocity increases.
c. Decreasing the characteristic length will increase the Reynolds number.
d. A thicker fluid would cause the Reynolds number to decrease.
b. The Reynolds number increases as fluid velocity increases.
d. A thicker fluid would cause the Reynolds number to decrease.
Which of the following statements are true about fricative loudness? (Two correct answers.)
a. Louder fricatives result from an increasing particle velocity.
b. Louder fricatives have lower particle velocity.
c. Voiced fricatives are always louder than voiceless fricatives.
d. Narrower constrictions increase particle velocity, making the sound louder.
a. Louder fricatives result from an increasing particle velocity.
d. Narrower constrictions increase particle velocity, making the sound louder.
Which of the following explains the higher perceived frequency in sibilant fricatives like [s] in English?
a. Sibilants are produced with a smaller front cavity, leading to higher resonance frequencies.
b. The sublingual cavity increases the intensity of lower frequencies.
c. Sibilants have lower particle velocity, resulting in higher frequency perception.
d. The constriction in sibilants is wider, allowing higher frequencies to resonate.
a. Sibilants are produced with a smaller front cavity, leading to higher resonance frequencies.
