Quiz 9/30

Question 0

HSV type one, HSV type 2, CMV, varicella zoster, Epstein Barr virus

Answer 0

Oral herpes, genital herpes, activates when immune system is down (, shingle, mono

Question 1

Disease that respond to antiviral meds

Answer 1

Influenza A and some respiratory viruses, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, Ebstein-Barr, varicella zoster, HIV AIDS, hepatitis B

Question 2

Drugs used to treat herpes

Answer 2

Systemic: acyclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir, and valacyclovir
Topical: docosanol

Question 3

Acyclovir

Answer 3

Suppresses HSV 1 and 2, IV PO or topical, adverse effects IV: nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, valacyclovir is the prodrug

Question 4

Ganciclovir

Answer 4

Treat CMV, given prophylactically (organ transplant pts), toxicity is bone marrow suppression, adverse effects: GI effects headache parenthesis neuropathy, can be toxic to kidneys, avoid in pregnancy and location

Question 5

Antiviral medications and the flu

Answer 5

Prevention and decreases severity of the flu

Question 6

Drugs used for influenza

Answer 6

Amantadine, oseltmavir, ribavirin(category x), rimantidine, zanamivir (inhaled)

Question 7

Amantadine

Answer 7

Adverse effects: CNS effects like insomnia dizziness and confusion, excreted by kidneys, avoid alcohol, also used to treat Parkinson’s, ramantidine has a longer half life

Question 8

Oseltmavir

Answer 8

Active against influenza A and B, must be started within 48 hrs of symptoms, can shorten duration of illness, should not be used within two weeks of live attenuated vaccine, side effects: n/v and diarrhea

Question 10

Adverse effects and contraindications of systemic antifungals

Answer 10

Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, rash GI distress, phlebitis

Pregnancy, lactation, hepatic dysfunction or failure, bone marrow suppression, prolonged QT interval

Question 11

oral candidiasis is also called

Answer 11

thrush

Question 12

Amphotericin B

Answer 12

given IV topical or oral, adverse effects: fever chills vomiting headache phlebitis ototoxicity nephrotoxicity hypokalemia hypomagnesaemia, need to pretreat to prevent adverse effects, used for systemic fungal infection

Question 13

fluconazole

Answer 13

inhibits cell replication, can cause increase AST and ALT, interacts with many drugs due to hepatic enzyme metabolism but also hypoglycemic agents

Question 14

onochomycosis

Answer 14

toe or nail fungus, treated with terbinafine itraconazole fluconazole

Question 15

grizeofulvin

Answer 15

prevents reproduction of fungi, 2-4 week treatment, avoid during pregnancy, can cause neutropenia

Question 16

terbinafine

Answer 16

used topically to treat superficial infections, used orally to treat fungal infections of nails

Question 17

nursing considerations when giving antifungals

Answer 17

baseline blood counts, baseline liver and renal function tests
Premedicate monitor VS during infusion and monitor for adverse reactions when giving amphotericin B

Question 18

Metronidazole

Answer 18

antiprotozoal, used for dysentery venereal disease peritonitis bacterial septicemia H. pylori, given PO IV and topical, monitor liver document stools take with meals avoid alcohol inform client of dark red/brown urine

Question 19

cephalosporins

Answer 19

inhibit cell wall synthesis, if allergy to penicillin may have cross sensitivity, five generations (3 and 4 can cross the BBB), adverse effect: rash diarrhea edema abdominal cramps

Question 20

first gen cephalosporins

Answer 20

good gram positive coverage, parenteral or oral, Ex. Cefazolin and Cephalexin

Question 21

second gen cephalosporins

Answer 21

good gram positive coverage, better gram negative coverage than 1st, Ex. cefaclor

Question 22

third gen cephalosporins

Answer 22

most potent against gram positive, ex. ceftriaxone, given IM and IV long half life

Question 23

forth gen cephalosporins

Answer 23

broader spectrum, UTI, Ex. cefepime, IM or IV

Question 24

fifth gen cephalosporins

Answer 24

broader spectrum, effective against MRSA, ex. ceftaroline

Question 25

carbapenems

Answer 25

broad spectrum some strains of MRSA, reserved for complicated infections, may cause seizures or Gi toxicity, given parenterally, Ex. imipenem/ cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem

Question 26

monobactam

Answer 26

ex. aztreonam, synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic, active against aerobic gram negative, bactericidal, parenteral use only, used for UTI and severe systemic infections

Question 27

Vancomycin

Answer 27

PO or IV, treatment against MRSA, peak and trough levels, pregnancy category B for PO and C for injection, can cause red man syndrome ototoxicity nephrotoxicity

Question 28

Macrolides

Answer 28

Affect bacterial protein synthesis, bacteriostatic, Ex. Erythromycin azithromycin clarithromycin, used for strep infections URI LRI spirochetal infections gonorrhea Adverse effects: n/v diarrhea hepatotoxicity jaundice anorexia

Question 29

Ketolide

Answer 29

Affect bacterial protein synthesis ex. ketolide: only drug in this class, better coverage than macrolides active against gram positive bacteria, associated with severe liver disease