Quiz 9: Social Development & Relationships

Question 1

According to attachment theory, all of the following statements are true except…

Answer 1

attachment behaviors have to be learned, a process that takes most of the first year of life.
(Attachment behaviors, such as crying, clinging, following, are thought to have evolved to help promote proximity to caregivers and begin to emerge before one year of age.)

Question 2

Longitudinal studies of infant-caregiver attachment…

Answer 2

show that infants who are securely attached receive higher ratings in childhood and adolescence on measures of social skills.
(secure attachment in infancy has been found to bbe related to better social skills in later life.)

Question 3

All of the following statements about maternal depression are accurate except…

Answer 3

the effects of maternal depression on infants and their development are positive if the depression lasts less than 9 months.

Question 4

Which group has experienced the greatest increase in labor force participation since the 1970s?

Answer 4

mothers of infants.

Question 5

Which of the following is not considered a reliable indicator of child care quality…

Answer 5

cost of care.

Cost of care is not a very reliable indicator of child care quality.

Question 6

Studies of cross-cultural differences in parents’ management of infants’ and toddlers’ sleep have found all of the following except…

Answer 6

in the United States, non-Hispanic white parents are more likely to report co-sleeping than are African American parents.

Question 7

Which of the following outcomes is not supported by the NICHD Study of Early Child Care?

Answer 7

even when child care is high quality, it has few positive effects on the cognitive development
of low-income infants and toddlers.
(High quality childcare has been shown to be positively linked cognitive outcomes in low income infants.)

Question 8

Out of the following groups, the highest rate of disorganized/disoriented attachment has been found in..

Answer 8

samples in which child has been physically abused or neglected.
(Abuse can heighten the rate of disorganized attachment organization).

Question 9

Which of the following is not a necessary condition for the formation of a secure attachment?
high levels of caregiver sensitivity.
dyadic synchrony.
responsiveness to infants’ distress.
breast feeding

Answer 9

breast feeding.
(While breast feeding can help enhance early relationships by itself it is not a sufficient cause for the formation of attachment.)