Quiz Ch. 6

Question 1

arbitrary

Answer 1

symbols used to represent things that are not intrinsically connected to those things

Question 2

ambiguous

Answer 2

language that does not have precise, concrete meanings

Question 3

abstract

Answer 3

words are not concrete or tangible items; they are only representations

Question 4

hierarchical

Answer 4

language that is structured according to more or less, higher or lower

Question 5

single-word approach

Answer 5

meaning is derived from individual words used in a strategic way

Question 6

metaphor

Answer 6

comparisons that show how two things are alike in an important way, despite being quite different in most ways

Question 7

simile

Answer 7

comparisons between two objects that allow each object in the comparison to retain its unique differences

Question 8

ideograph

Answer 8

an ill-defined, politically powerful term or phrase that can push people to action

Question 9

word-cluster approach

Answer 9

meaning is conveyed through more complex structures such as stories

Question 10

arguments from the past

Answer 10

appropriating historical events facts, or people to justify present or future actions, or explain events in the here and now

Question 11

myth

Answer 11

a rhetorical construction that tries to explain natural events or cultural phenomena and is used to identify with a group and justify actions or beliefs

Question 12

narrative paradigm

Answer 12

humans are storytelling beings by nature

Question 13

narrative coherence

Answer 13

the degree to which a story makes sense in the world in which we live

Question 14

narrative fidelity

Answer 14

the degree to which our story matches our own beliefs and experiences

Question 15

repetition

Answer 15

repeating either the same phrasing pattern for main points, or a phrase you just stated, in order to maximize the audience’s ability to receive the information

Question 16

alliteration

Answer 16

repeating the same consonant or vowel sound at the beginning of subsequent words

Question 17

parallelism

Answer 17

similarly structuring related words, phrases, or clauses

Question 18

antithesis

Answer 18

two ideas that sharply contrast with each other and are juxtaposed in a parallel grammatical structure

Question 19

profanity

Answer 19

coarse and irreverent language

Question 20

hate speech

Answer 20

rude and crude speech that attacks or demeans a particular ethnic group many times with the intent of inciting action against that group

Question 21

dehumanizing

Answer 21

making people seem less than human in order to more easily motivate action against them