Quiz for Week 1 and 2 Flashcards by Jordan Habich

Presence of muscle and elastic fibers give arteries to important properties

elasticity
Contractility

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Types of arteries
Large vessels

Elastic arteries
Such as - aorta, pulmonary artery

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Types of arteries
Medium arteries

Muscular arteries
Such as -carotid, brachial, femoral arteries

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Types of arteries
Arterioles: resistance vessels

Help regulate blood flow by contracting and relaxing.
Contribute the most to overall blood pressure
Smallest arteries of feed the capillaries

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Types of arteries-
capillaries-functioning vessels

Tiny, millions, oxygen, and nutrient exchange done in these

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Arteries

No valves
Carries blood out of the heart to the tissue
Thick walls
Oxygenated blood
High-pressure system

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Aorta

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CIA

Common iliac artery

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IIA

Internal iliac artery

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EIA

External iliac artery

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LEG

Defined in anatomy as a area between the knee and the ankle

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Groin

Artery is lateral to vein

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Popliteal

Artery is deep to vein

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Calf

Artery between the veins

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PPG

Photoplethysmography probe (PPG)-

A method that measures the volume change in a vessel using light

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Continuous wave (cw) -
A pencil probe Ultrasound transducer are used to measure blood flow

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PAD- peripheral arterial disease

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Lower extremity pulse points

Common femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Posture tibial artery
Dorsalis Pedis artery

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Dorsalis pedis - use 3 fingers for pulse

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Energy gradient

A change in energy from one point to another

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Kinetic E

Velocity of the blood

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Potential E

Pressure
-main form of energy
-Comes in many forms such as , blood pressure and gravitational pressure

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Stroke volume

-the amount pressure (70ml)
This is volume of blood pumped into the arteries and increases the pressure in the blood vessels and causes art to stretch out

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Systolic pressure

The pressure at the highest measurement it occurs when the artery is at its full of stretch
“The distention”

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Diastolic pressure

When the fullest point has passed, blood keeps moving due to inertia and recoil of the stretched artery wall

Diastolic pressure

When the fullest point has passed, blood keeps moving due to inertia and recoil of the stretched artery wall

Bernoulli Principle

A principal in hydrodynamics: The pressure in a stream of fluid is reduced as the speed of flow is increased

Bernoullis Eqation

TE= KE +PE

Flow requires an energy gradient

Flow also must be able to overcome resistance

Gravitational energy = hydrostatic pressure

Energy disappears or separates in the form of heat

Poseuilles law

Help to find how much blood is moving through a blood vessel (flow)

Poiseuilles equation

Q= change in pressure from point a to b / resistance to flow

Density

The mass (weight) of fluid per its volume (quantity)

Viscosity

Thickness of blood causes a resistance to flow by the fluid in motion Increase viscosity = syrup= decrease velocity Decrease viscosity = water= increase velocity

Laminar

Layers

Parabolic flow profile

Bullet shaved with highest veil cities in middle and lower velocity along edge Occurs with steady flow

Number one disease of the arteries is

Atherosclerosis-a buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits (plaque)

Flow

Flow separation

Separation of layers with reversal of flow direction in a wing part of the tube

Contraction

Systole

Relaxation

Distole

Pad

Is atherosclerosis in arteries away from the heart, most common in the legs

ABI

Ankle brachial index- compares the blood pressure in your arms to your pressure in your ankles

Risk factors for pad

Smoking, high blood pressure,Atherosclerosis , diabetes, high cholesterol, age above 60 years

Pencil probe has two crystals

One sends a soundwave The other receives echoes

CW Doppler -protocol

An 8 to 10MHz Doppler Probe is usually used

Atherosclerosis major Risk factors

No control-age, male, family history of the disease Can control-smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity

Symptoms of pad

Exercise pain(claudication) Rest pain Ulceration Gangrene

Claudication

Defined as pain in the muscles upon walking a certain distance that causes a person to stop walking after stopping, the pain dissipates so the individual can walk that distance again before the pain occurs -claudication pain never occurs just standing or sitting Symptoms-stairs, Hills

Intermediate claudication refers to an aching pain in your legs when you walk or exercise. It goes away when you rest.

Common locations are muscles of a calf thigh, hip and buttock Pain always occurs distill to the blockage

Gangrene

Tissue loss-typically feet/toes affected for gangrene caused by extremely reduced blood flow from pad

Necrosis-death of tissue

Wet gangrene-often secondary to infection

Very painful Foul smell May lead to sepsis

Dry gangrene

Sometimes nerves are so dead so pain is less Toes may fall off Less dangerous than wet, gang green, but still very severe

Assess the following

Color Swelling Lesions Skin appearance Pulses

Six p’s of pad

Pain Pallor Pulselessness Poikilothermic Paresthesias Paralysis

Pallor-pale color due to a deficient in blood supply Rubor- dark red color due to damage, dilated vessels

Cyanosis - blue color due to a concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin

Arterial ulcers

Very painful Feet and toes No swelling

Abnormal sounds are called

Bruits

Bruit

The sound caused by vibrations in the tissue

At which level of the circulatory system does not exchange of oxygen,carbon dioxide and nutrients occur?

Capillaries

Why can arterioles control the resistance of the vascular bed?

They have concentric layers of smooth muscle cells

Which of the following is not an example of a large artery?

The superficial femoral arteries

Which of the following are the terminal branches of the popliteal artery?

The anterior tibial, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries

Exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste occur, mainly at the level of… In the circulatory system?

Capillaries

Arterioles are the main control of… Of the circulatory system

Resistance

The femoral arteries, the brachial arteries and the mesenteric arteries are examples of …

Medium sized arteries

Another name of the deep femoral artery is

Profunda femoral artery

Name four major symptoms for peripheral arterial obstruction from atherosclerosis

Claudication Rest pain Ulcers Gangrene

List three CW Doppler techniques that would produce an acceptable way form display

1. at least 3 Consecutive way forms. 2. Show baseline and adjust the gain as needed 3. Eliminate artifacts.

Inertia

Tendency for the blood to stay emotion

Diastole

Arterial blood moves by its own momentum

Systole

Artery distends

Friction

A form of resistance to flow

Quiz for Week 1 and 2 Flashcards

(75 cards)