Quiz MC

Question 1

What are characteristics of the universe as we currently understand it

Answer 1

1. universe is expanding due in part to the presence of dark energy
2. the shape of the universe is membrane like
3. approximately 13.7 billion years old

Question 2

Stellar parallax is the apparent

Answer 2

shift in position of nearby stars as the Earth moves around the Sun

Question 3

The gas composition of the interstellar space environment is made up of

Answer 3

74% H, 25% He, and 1% heavier elements

Question 4

An astronomical unit is 1.496 x 10^8km. What does this unit represent

Answer 4

distance between earth and the sun

Question 5

What is not a likely source for the formation of a secondary atmosphere on the ancient Earth?

Answer 5

gasses from planetary nebulae

Question 6

a sedimentary rock that undergoes complete melting becomes the following type of rock

Answer 6

igneous

Question 7

a radioactive isotope that undergoes alpha decay spontaneously loses

Answer 7

two protons and two neurtons

Question 8

The coaccretion theory regarding the moon’s origin was debunked after the Apollo missions. What was the pivotal piece of evidence that invalidated this hypothesis?

Answer 8

the collected moon rocks lacked iron suggesting the moon was derived from Earth’s mantle and crust

Question 9

A scientific model is considered valid if it is consistent with

Answer 9

independent observations made by different scientists

Question 10

What is the current hypothesis as to the origin of chirality in AA

Answer 10

polarized light caused a differential photolysis of D-amino acids in space causing an abiotic over abundance of L-amino acids

Question 11

Which of the following macromolecules have catalytic function

Answer 11

lipids, RNA, and proteins

Question 12

The ability of minerals to concentrate organics on its surface is dependent on which of the following factors

Answer 12

charge, temperature, crystal structure

Question 13

which of the following discoveries was critical for the RNA world hypothesis

Answer 13

the discovery of ribozymes

Question 14

which of the following are genes related by duplication

Answer 14

paralog

Question 15

which of the following is NOT considered a reason for genomes to switch from RNA to DNA

Answer 15

may prevent spontaneous thymidine deamination

Question 16

The molecular building blocks of life (AA) have been found

Answer 16

on the earth, interstellar space, and meteorites

Question 17

Which of the following is thought possibly to help increase genome stability

Answer 17

increased number of transposons

Question 18

which of the following is NOT thought to be associated with viruses and the origin of life

Answer 18

viruses likely blebbed off cellular genomes

Question 19

which of the following is not a function of RNA

Answer 19

synthesizes carbs

Question 20

What is evidence for snow ball earth

Answer 20

global glacier deposits
lack of photosynthetic organisms
the presence of banded iron fomations

Question 21

which of the following is part of the Milankovitch cycle

Answer 21

eccentricity, obliquity, precession

Question 22

T/F the cambrian explosion coincides with the origin of animals

Answer 22

false

Question 23

what are the factors that triggered the Cambrian explosion

Answer 23

genetic complexity
predetary selection for hard parts
change in O2 level

Question 24

which of the following is considrered to be a eukaryotic metagroup

Answer 24

chromoalveolates, plantae, rhizaria

NOT moneran

Question 25

the process of evolution requires that variation be introduced into a population. Which of the following is thought to be a method to introduce that variation?

Answer 25

gene flow genetic drift mutation in DNA replication

Question 26

who wrote the principles of geology

Answer 26

lyell

Question 27

who first proposed that different species presently share common features that may have been derived from one species

Answer 27

leibneiz

Question 28

A chemoautotroph gets is energy and carbon from

Answer 28

Energy: organic molecules Carbon: inorganic CO2

Question 29

Under what type of natural selection are the extreme varieties from both ends of the frequency distribution elininated?

Answer 29

stablizing selection

Question 30

The effective temperature is the temperature of a planet and the impact of it's atmospheric greenhouse gases?

Answer 30

false

Question 31

what is the current geologicl eon

Answer 31

phanerozoic

Question 32

if the carbon levels in a freshwater lake is <0.1mg C per L day the lake is referred to as

Answer 32

oligotrophic

Question 33

If you are a microbe and you get your carbon from glucose and your energy from the sun you would be

Answer 33

photoheterotroph

Question 34

Which of the following molecules makes the best electron donor for life

Answer 34

H2

Question 35

Metabolic hierarchies on redox potential for iron, nitrate, metanogenesis

Answer 35

nitrate, iron, methanogensis

Question 36

what are the finger print methods provides a low cost approach to assess the overall complexity of a community

Answer 36

TRFLP, DGGE, ARISA

Question 37

Experimental evidence that rocks have been exchanged between mars and earth

Answer 37

meteorites have been found with traces of dissolved gasses on Earth that match the Martian atmosphere

Question 38

Which of the following physical insults associated with impact ejection appears to cause the lowest levels of survival for Bacillus spores

Answer 38

shock

Question 39

What is so unique about SNC meteorites

Answer 39

originated from Mars

Question 40

Which DNA sequencing technique would you use if you had 1 million and wanted to assess all the functional genes in a microbial community

Answer 40

Ilumina sequencing of metagenome

Question 41

to regulate the membrane fluidity under extreme cold conditions which of the following will improve flexibility

Answer 41

increase the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids

Question 42

Which of the following is characteristic of the desiccation resistant proteins hydrophilins

Answer 42

contains high glycine content

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a cellular side effect of desiccation

Answer 43

down regulation of sucrose genes

Question 44

which part of anhydrobiosis is where the cell damage appears

Answer 44

rehydration phase

Question 45

which of the following desiccation products have been found in ancient DNA extracts

Answer 45

dicarbonyl compounds

Question 46

which of the following is a mechanism for cells to beat the heat

Answer 46

reduce the number of heme/folic acid increase MgCl increase chain length of lipid acyl chain

Question 47

how do thermophiles stabilize existing proteins in elevated temperatures

Answer 47

shorten peptide, increase the density of the protein hydrophobic core, increase proline

Question 48

Which are challenges of living in extreme cold

Answer 48

lower transcription rates, increased denaturation of proteins, low enzyme actibity

Question 49

In you increase the flexibility of cold-adapted enzymes its often the case that this also happens

Answer 49

reduce the stability of the enzyme

Question 50

Which is not an effect of temperature cell

Answer 50

cell membrane become more rigid under elevated temperatures

Question 51

Paralana hot springs is

Answer 51

high radiation environment

Question 52

UV light causes the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. The photoproducts results in the following

Answer 52

fusion between two adjacent thymine nucleotides

Question 53

an organism is experiencing multiple extreme environments

Answer 53

poly-extremophile

Question 54

which of the following was the worst mass extinction event that we know of based on the number of species lost

Answer 54

permian triassic

Question 55

which of the following asteroid class is the most abundant in our solar system

Answer 55

carbonaceous