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GEOLOGY 130 > QUIZ ONE > Flashcards

QUIZ ONE Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

WHAT WAS THE ORIGINAL APPROXIMATE AGE OF THE EARTH?

A

THE EARTH WAS BELIEVED TO BE 1000S OF YEARS OLD. OCTOBER 22ND 4004 BC

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2
Q

WHAT DID HUTTON DISCOVER AT GLEN TILT

A

HE SAW THAT THE CRYSTAL WHICH HE THOUGHT WAS THE OLDEST ACTUALLY CUT THROUGH THE HARD LAYERS

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3
Q

WHAT WAS HIS MAIN TAKEAWAY AT JEDBURGH SCOTLAND & SICCAR POINT?

A

HE REALIZED THAT THERE WERE LAYERS OF ROCK ON TOP OF OTHER LAYERS OF ROCK

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4
Q

HOW DID THE ROCKS MOVE

A

SO THEY WENT FROM FLAT TO TILTED, THEN THEY STARTED TO ERODE OR WERE CUT AND THEN NEW LAYERS WERE DEPOSITED

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5
Q

WHAT COMMON SENSE PRINCIPLE SHOWS THAT THE OLDEST ROCKS APPEAR AT THE BOTTOM AND THEN NEW LAYERS ARE ON TOP OF IT

A

SUPERPOSITION

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6
Q

WHAT COMMON SENSE PRINCIPLE DEALS WITH THE FACT THAT THE ROCKS ARE INITIAL IN A FLAT LINE LIKE _________

A

ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY

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7
Q

WHAT PRINCIPLE SAYS THAT THERE ARE MANY LAYERS ALL GOING LEFT AND RIGHT

A

LATERALLY CONTINUOUS

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8
Q

what principle says that the more recent portions of a rock will be more on top and then the older parts will be towards the bottom

A

biotic succession

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9
Q

WHAT PRINCIPLE SAYS THE THING DOING THE CUTTING IS YOUNGER THAN THE THING BEING CUT

A

CROSS CUTTING RELATIONSHIP

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10
Q

WHAT PRINCIPLE IS ABOUT LITTLE EXTRA THINGS THAT GOT IMPLEMENTED AS PART OF THE ROCK

A

INCLUDED FRAGMENT

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11
Q

WHICH THEORY IS ABOUT BURST OF CHANGE - SAYS WE ARE IN A LULL RN BETWEEN CHANGE

A

CATASTROPHISM

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12
Q

WHAT THEORY IS ABOUT SLOW ACCUMULATED CHANGE - IN THE SYSTEM NOW WITHIN THE CHANGE

A

GRADUALISM

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13
Q

THE PRESENT IS THE KEY TO THE PAST - TYPES OF ROCKS AND OTHER THINGS ARE NOW AS THEY HAVE ALWAYS BEEN

A

UNIFORMITARIANISM

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14
Q

OLDER THAN YOUNGER THAN SHIT IS

A

RELATIVE AGE DATING

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15
Q

DIFFERENT MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF ELEMENTS (SAME # PROTONS) BUT DIFFERENT # ELECTRONS

A

ISOTOPES

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16
Q

THE UNSTABLE VERSION OF ISOTOPES IS

A

RADIOACTIVE

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17
Q

THE RATE OF DECAY THAT TELLS HOW MUCH OF AN ELEMENT IS LEFT IN A ROCK AT A GIVEN TIME

A

HALF LIFE

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18
Q

THE LARGEST UNIT OF TIME THAT WE’VE GONE OVER

A

EONS

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19
Q

THESE ARE ONE LEVEL BELOW EONS AND MADE OF PERIODS

A

ERAS

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20
Q

THESE ARE ONE LEVEL BELOW ERAS AND CONTAIN STAGES

A

PERIODS

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21
Q

THE LAST UNIT OF TIME IN THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

A

PERIODS

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22
Q

WE ARE IN THIS ERA

A

Cenozoic

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23
Q

WE ARE IN THIS PERIOD

A

THE QUATERNARY

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24
Q

WE ARE IN THIS EON

A

PHANEROZIC

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25
HOW DID EARTH COME TO BE
IN 15GA THE UNIVERSE EXPANDED. Particles floating through space came together to form plantesmal bodies. collapse of gas clouds to eddies, through plantesmals, and then to planets
26
elements start to gather together
accretion
27
elements squeeze/pack together tightly
contraction
28
the heaviest move to the center and the lightest to the surface
differentiation
29
an intense meteorite bombing that hit the earth in 4.6-3.8 ga caused early plate tectonics
the hadean.
30
how did the elements come to the earth - what are the major ones
they originated in a supernova (exploding star). 20 major earth ones and then also things like hydrogen that are in the atmosphere
31
the top & least thick part of the earth's composition
the crust
32
the second very thick part of the earth's crust that goes down to 2900 ish km below the surface
mantle
33
third and fourth layers
outer core to about 5100 km deep inner core to about 6380 km deep
34
the type of crust we walk on
granitic
35
the other type of crust that is oceanic
basaltic
36
layer made up of some ultramafic minerals
uppermantle
37
made up of very dense minerals and also alloy
core and lower mantlae
38
naturally occurring substances that are physically and chemically distinctive internal lattice organization
minerals
39
the study of minerals
mineralogy
40
what are the two types of minerals
the silicates and the non silicates
41
the heated floating material that is still in the earth
magma
42
molten material extruded on the earth
lava
43
stratovolcano
the basic composite volcano made of two things. has steep slopes, small and more explosive
44
gentle slopes made of layers of lava flow, huge laterally and vertically, but not explosive
shield volcanos
45
balsatic/mafic low viscosity. not explosive but huge floods of lava cover the surface
lava floods
46
mantle sourced submarine volcanic mountain ranges at plate boundaries
mid ocean ridges
47
two types of lava
Pahohu - very smooth Aa - chunky flow
48
anything that is thrown into the air and then falls
tephra, bentonite - loose ash fall tuff - heat welded ash fall
49
gas, ashes chunks that usually come from a volcano
Pyroclasts - these are a big killer
50
run parallel to beddings
sils
51
are at angles to the beddings
dikes
52
crystalline but the crystals are too small to see
aphanatic
53
non crystalline solid like obsidian
glassy
54
containing vesicles (round or elongated air pockets in an igneous rock) left behind by gas bubbles trapped in the erupted magma
vesicular
55
this term refers to rocks containing conspicuously large crystals surrounded by much smaller, invisible crystals
porphyritic
56
made up of crystals that you can see
phaneritic
57
the basaltic mafic crust that is denser
oceanic
58
the granitic (felsic/siclic) crust that is lighter
continental
59
the lightest and upper sphere that is what the tectonic plates go around on
lithosphere
60
the lithosphere floats on.......
the asthenosphere
61
the pulling apart of two tectonic plates
divergent boundary
62
what is created where the two tectonic plates pull apart
a rift valley
63
WHAT TYPE OF ROCKS COME OUT OF THE RIDGE OF A DIVERGENT BOUNDARY
mafic rocks -
64
what would happen if there is a convergence of one ocean plate and then one continental
the oceanic plate would subduct
65
what would happen if there is a convergence of two oceanic plates
the older and colder oceanic plate would subduct
66
contient - continent converging plates
you just wrote crunch crunch crunch
67
the sliding past each other of two tectonic plates, can also be called strike slip
a transform boundary
68
orogenic belt
active modern and extinct ocean belts
69
other types of metamorphism
regional metamorphism - crunching and thickening burial metamorphism contact metamorphism
70
other types of metamorphism
regional metamorphism - crunching and thickening burial metamorphism contact metamorphismt
71
the theory of plate tectonics is developed from what theory
continental drift theory
72
what are some evidence of the continents drifting
the margin fitting and the hotspot tracks fossil and rock type distribution sea floor striping, the magnetism that points to the North Pole
73
like an iceberg, if you move one thing the rest will float up
isostasy
74
sediments are shed into....
a basin
75
any depression in which sediments are thickest near ocean/ continental margins
basins
76
sediments come from....
higher elevations
77
physical disintegration & chemical decomposition of rock, produces solid and dissolved products
weathering
78
the break up by expanding and contracting
disintegration
79
when water looses the tight
hydration
80
heat energy comes and melts
thermal
81
chemical weathering
decomposition into ions

GEOLOGY 130 (8 decks)

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