quiz one Flashcards
(15 cards)
define cellular adaptation
the cells response to escape and protect itself from injury
Define cell atrophy
cells decrease in size
define cell hypertrophy
cells increase in size
define cell metaplasia
reversible replacement of one mature cell by another mess mature cell
define cell dysplasia
deranged cellular growth; aka atypical hyperplasia
what causes Cell Atrophy
results from decreases in workload, use, pressure, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation and nervous stimulation
what causes cell hypertrophy and trigger signals
caused by increased work demands or hormones
mechanical and trophic
what causes hyperplasia and what triggers
caused by an increased rate of cellular division
compensatory: allows organ to regenerate
Hormonal: replaces lost tissue or supports new growth
define dysplasia
refers to abnormal changes in shape size and organization of mature cells
does not indicate cancer
Define metaplasia
reversible replacement of one mature cell by another less mature cell type (reprogramming of stem cells)
what causes cellular injury
Lack of oxygen (hypoxia)
free radicals
toxic chemicals
infectious agents
physical and mechanical factors
immunologic reactions
genetic factors
nutritional imbalances
physical trauma
what are some biochemical mechanism that cause cellular injury
ATP depletion
mitochondrial damage
free radicals
membrane damage
protien folding defects
DNA damage defects
calcium level alterations
what is ischemia reprofusion injury to cells and examples of cells that can be impacted
oxidative stress
radicals cause damage to mitochondria
myocardial
hepatic
intestinal
cerebral
renal
what does free radical (oxidative stress) impacting the most
Lipids, proteins nucleic acids
