Quiz Only Flashcards
Three Types of Fuselages Further into Detail
1) Truss Type- A frame of wood beams or metal tubes (bolted or welded). Used on older-style aircraft. the frame carries the load and fuselage stresses.
2) Monocoque- Stressed Skin Structure: skin carries SOME of the load. Perfect Stressed Skin: skin carries ALL of the load.
3) Semi-Monocoque- A combination of stressed skin and formers or frame system (bulkheads). Firewall: a stainless-steel sheet that separates the engine compartment from the rest of the fuselage.
Disc Brakes How they Work?
Hydraulic Disc Brake
- Piston puck – moves during braking.
- Revolving disc – revolves with a wheel.
- Brake pads – press against the disc to slow wheel
Rudder Control on a small A/C? How it’s used?
Cable and Pulley – Rudder Control
4 Stroke engines Define?
Two rotations of the crankshaft
• Intake- Intake valve opens the piston moves down to the bottom sucking in all the fuel and air mixture
• Compression- when both valves are closed and the piston moves from the bottom to the top compressing or squeezing it to the top
• Ignition- both values closed and compressed mixture is fired by a sparkplug pushing the piston down really fast
• Exhaust- the exhaust valve opens and then the burned gases are pushed out of exhaust valve when the intake valve is closed
Define A Turbocharger?
When the A/C is operating in thin air altitude (less Density) making less power the Turbocharger is powered by the energy of the exhaust gases they spin the turbine wheel the turbine is mounted on a shaft on which is also mounted the centrifugal air compressor. As more exhaust gases are directed on the turbine the compressor will turn faster and supply the engine with more denser air so the engine can produce more power.
Fools the engine into thinking it is working at sea level (best power)
Uses the energy of the hot exhaust gases to power a compressor
Boosts intake air pressure
Can boost pressure to greater than sea-level pressure = MORE POWER
Force Feed Lubrication? Dry Sump and Wet Sump?
Dry Sump
- pumped in oil to the engine by a pressure pump
Oil is contained in a separate tank
- Forced by a pump through the hollow crankshaft
- Oil is drained from sump through a scavenging pump
- Goes through a cooler and then back into tank
Wet Sump
- Slashes around to lubricant
- Oil is contained in a pan (sump) under crankcase
- Pumped to crankshaft, pushrods, bearings, etc.
- Some parts splash lubricated as well
- Oil then drains back into sump
- Oil cooler may be installed in return line
Types of Oil?
Mineral Oil o No additives o Used to break-in engine o Granular Ashless Dispersant o Contains dispersants o Suspends contaminants (carbon / lead)
Remember Pre-ignition and detonation know the difference?
Fuel System Problems
Detonation
o Rapid uncontrolled burning of the fuel mixture and Punches it down violently instead of pushes it down in the compression stroke
Pre-Ignition. it down in the compression stroke
Premature ignition of the mixture. combustion happens too early because of fuel
Vapour Lock
o Fuel in a gaseous state in fuel lines blocks the flow of fuel
Wheres the firewall?
The firewall the wall between the fuselage and the Engine component.
Wing Construction?
- Spars: bars that run from the wing root to tip and carry most of the load in flight.
- Ribs: give shape to the wing.
- False ribs: smaller ribs placed between the leading edge of the wing and the front spar.
- Compression Struts: steel tubes placed between the spars to prevent compression/distortion of the wing.
- Drag/Anti-Drag Wires: provide additional support to the wing
- External Struts: external bracing from the fuselage to the wing to provide additional support (C172).
- Wing Tip Bow: a curved metal tube giving the wingtip its shape.
Fuel Injected?
Fuel Injection System
Uses a fuel pump to supplies pressure to the fuel-air control unit it pushes the air and gas into the engine according to the throttle and goes through a divider which equally spreads the mixture to each cylinder. Fuel-injected engines do not need carb heat, but they do need electric fuel pumps as a starting flow, as well as a backup for the engine-driven fuel pump.
A fuel injection system usually incorporates six basic components: an engine-driven fuel pump, a fuel/air control unit, fuel manifold (fuel distributor)
Carbureted?
Carbureted venturi.
Carburetor contains an open pipe with a shape restriction or Venturi inside Venturi momentarily accelerates the intake air lowering its pressure and temperature a fuel nozzle placed at the Venturi allows the lowered air pressure to pull fuel through the nozzle and into the intake air the sprayed fuel quickly vaporizes in the air next the fuel-air mixture and counters and throttle valve inside the carburetor the pilot manipulates the position of the throttle.
Carb Ice?
• Ice in the venturi on the carb
Fuel Vaporization Ice- Heat absorbed from surrounding air to vaporize the fuel, Reduces temperature of air by 30°C, If air is moist, water vapour will freeze.
• Throttle Ice- Low pressure in venturi and in passage around butterfly reduces air temperature by 3°C, Ice may form and block passages or restrict movement of throttle.
• Impact Ice- If flying in visible moisture and temperature is below zero
• Ice can form and build up on intake, carburetor filter screen and butterfly valve
Carb Heat?
Carburetor Heat
Unfiltered air from engine compartment gets ducted around muffler
- The muffler is very warm due to exhaust
- Heats up air that is fed to carburetor
- Hot air melts ice and prevents further icing
- Prevents and melts any icing
- Operation
- When selected on, normal air intake closes
Magnetos?
Magnetos for the sparkplugs by the engine spinning spins the magnetos to make to the engine have power even tho you have an electrical failure mags power the sparkplugs
