Quiz Period 1-4 Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Columbus ***
A
1492
2
Q
Encomienda / Requerimiento
A
16-17th Century system was a form of forced and unpaid labor used by Spanish
3
Q
Columbian Exchange
A
(1492-1800) exchange of commodities, people, and diseases
4
Q
Period 1 dates and why ***
A
1492-1607 Christopher Columbus’ arrival in 1492 and ending with the establishment of Jamestown 1607
5
Q
Period 2 dates and why ***
A
1607-1754 Jamestown in 1607 and ending just before the French and Indian War in 1754
6
Q
Jamestown ***
A
(1607) first permanent settlement
7
Q
Great Puritan Migration ***
A
(1630-40) refers to the migration of English Puritans to Massachusetts,
8
Q
Bacon’s Rebellion ***
A
(1676) armed uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon against the Virginia Governor fueled by discontent among frontier settlers; increased reliance on African slavery
9
Q
King Phillip / Metacom’s War
A
a violent conflict between Native American tribes and English colonists from 1675-1676, fueled by growing tensions over land encroachment and attempts to exert control over Native populations; significant losses for the Native Americans
10
Q
Salem Witch Trials
A
prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in Massachusetts between 1692-1693, resulted in the executions of people
11
Q
Great Awakening
A
a religious revival movement in the colonies during the 1730s and 1740s, characterized by fervent expressions of faith, emotional preaching, and a focus on personal piety
12
Q
Mercantilism
A
an economic system that was prevalent between the late 1500s and 1700s nation’s wealth and power were best served by increasing exports and reducing imports
13
Q
Triangle Trade
A
system of trade that operated between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from the 16th-19th centuries
14
Q
Period 3 dates and why ***
A
1754-1800 era of the American Revolution, leading up to the war to the Constitution; the birth of the United States
15
Q
Treaty of Paris ***
A
(1783) ended the American Revolution
16
Q
Proclamation line ***
A
(1763) a decree issued after the French and Indian War, to prohibit colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains
17
Q
Stamp Act ***
A
(1765) law passed that taxed the colonies, requiring them to use specially stamped paper for documents
18
Q
Boston Tea Party
A
dumped chests of tea, imported by the British East India Company into the harbor in 1773
19
Q
Intolerable acts
A
series of punitive laws passed in 1774 after the Boston Tea party
20
Q
Lexington and Concord ***
A
(1775) first major battles of the American Revolutionary War
21
Q
Declaration of Independence ***
A
1776 reasons for breaking political bonds with Great Britain
22
Q
Common Sense ***
A
(1776) argued for independence from British rule
23
Q
Northwest Ordinance
A
passed in 1787 and established a process for territories to become states, guaranteed basic civil liberties, and prohibited slavery within that region
24
Q
Shay’s Rebellion
A
an armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786-1787 led by Daniel Shays, a Revolutionary War veteran, protesting against high taxes and economic hardship faced by farmers
25
Constitutional Convention
to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation in 1787
26
Federalist Papers
a collection of essays written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton in 1788 urging the ratification of the Constitution
27
George Washington's Presidency ***
1789-1797
28
Whiskey Rebellion
1791-1794 a violent protest by farmers in Pennsylvania against a federal excise tax on whiskey
29
John Adams
2nd President of the United States, serving 1797-1801, federalist
30
Alien and Sedition Act
laws passed in 1798 that restricted immigration and speech, making it harder to become citizens and criminalizing criticism of the government
31
Period 4 dates and why ***
1800-1848 significant westward expansion with election to the Seneca falls convention
32
Thomas Jefferson ***
(1801-1809) 3rd president, democratic-republican
33
Louisiana Purchase
land acquisition made from France in 1803
34
Marbury v Madison
1803 that established the principle of "judicial review," meaning the Court has the power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional
35
Embargo Act
law passed by Congress in 1807 forbidding all exportation of goods because of harassment and seizing U.S. ship's and men
36
James Madison ***
(1809-1817) 4th president, federalist, father of constitution
37
War of 1812 ***
conflict fought with Great Britain from 1812-1815, caused by interference with trade, impressment, and expansion, ended with the Treaty of Ghent; solidified national identity and boosted sovereignty
38
Panic of 1819 ***
first major economic crisis in the United States. It involved bank failures, unemployment, and widespread foreclosures
39
Missouri Compromise ***
(1820) admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state and established a latitude line, to prohibit slavery north of this line
40
Market Revolution
economic transformation in the 19th century, shift from farming to market-oriented economy driven by industrialization, improved transportation systems
41
McCulloch v Maryland
established the supremacy of the Constitution under the Necessary and Proper Clause, states had to listen to federal 1819
42
Gibbons v Ogden
1824 that clarified that only Congress has the authority to regulate activities that cross state lines
43
Monroe Doctrine
a clear stance against European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere 1823
44
Completion of Erie Canal
1825 connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie
45
The Liberator
an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831
46
Andrew Jackson's Presidency ***
1829-1837
47
Indian Removal Act
1830 forced relocation of Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands in the west
48
Nullification Crisis
South Carolina threatened to nullify a federal tariff law, claiming states had the right to disregard federal laws they deemed unconstitutional 1832–1833
49
Bank Veto
dismantled the Second Bank of the United States, shifted power to state banks, 1832
50
Panic of 1837 ***
financial crisis in the United States that began a major depression which lasted until the mid-1840s
51
Antebellum Reformers
Peace, temperance, women's rights, and anti-slavery were the three biggest reforms and goals 1820-1860
52
Second Great Awakening
religious revival movement that occurred in the 19th century led to social reform, church growth, and the founding of colleges and seminaries
53
Period 5 dates and why ***
1844-1877 starting with Polk's election (loved manifest destiny) and ends with the compromise that ended reconstruction
54
James Polk ***
1845-1848
55
Mexican American War
First major conflict fought mostly on foreign soil. Conflict from Texas' annexation and border dispute, resulting in territorial gains
56
California Gold Rush ***
1848 gold was discovered leading to settler increase
57
Compromise of 1850***
admitted California as a free state, established popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico, enacting a stricter Fugitive Slave Act, and abolishing the slave trade in Washington, D.C
58
Uncle Tom's Cabin
powerful tool in the abolitionist movement, about horrors of slavery fueled sectional tensions
59
Bleeding Kansas
violence the Kansas Territory stemming from the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which allowed popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery
60
Dred Scott Case
ruled that enslaved people were not citizens and had no right to sue in federal court, declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
61
John Brown's Raid
an armed insurrection led by the John Brown to initiate a slave uprising by seizing the federal armory in Virginia
62
Abraham Lincoln's Presidency ***
1861-1865
63
Civil War ***
1861-1865
64
Emancipation Proclamation
declared enslaved people in Confederate-held territory free
65
13th Amendment
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude
66
15th Amendment
prohibits the denial of voting rights based on race ensuring African American men the right to vote
67
Impeachment of Johnson
first to be impeached by the House of Representatives for violating the Tenure of Office Act by removing Secretary of War without Senate approval
68
Election of Rutherford Hayes meaning
agreed that Rutherford B. Hayes would become president in exchange for ending the Reconstruction Era
69
Period 6 dates and why ***
1865-1900 the end of the civil war up until the Spanish-American war and start of the progressive era
70
Transcontinental Railroad Completed
facilitated westward expansion and economic growth revolutionizing travel and trade
71
Railroad Strike ***
1877 response to wage cuts and poor working conditions, broken by federal troops, sparking rise of the labor movement
72
Homestead Strike
violent strike in Pittsburgh over a decision by Carnegie Steel Company to cut wages by nearly 20%, ended with the destruction of probably the largest craft union at the time
73
Dawes Act
authorized the federal government to break up tribal lands into individual plots to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream society
74
Plessy v Ferguson
upheld racial segregation, establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine, which legitimized Jim Crow laws
75
Wounded Knee Massacre
U.S. cavalry troops opened fire on a group of Native Americans, resulting in the deaths of over 200 Native Americans
76
1890 Census - Turner Hypothesis
hypothesized that westward expansion of the frontier shaped America. census said that the entire US was now populated and that there was now no frontier
77
Panic of 1893
severe economic depression, began after the collapse of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad
78
Coxey's Army
protest march of unemployed workers who marched on Washington, D.C., to demand economic relief and public works jobs
79
The Populist Movement ***
1890s agrarian-based political reform movement for farmers
80
Period 7 dates and why ***
1890-1945 starts with rise of industrialization and ends with start of the cold war and end of ww2
81
Spanish American War
from a continental power to an imperial one, marked by the acquisition of overseas territories and a shift towards a more interventionist foreign policy
82
Lochner v New York
Supreme Court held that a New York state law limiting bakers' working hours violated the Fourteenth Amendment
83
Teddy Roosevelt ***
1901-1909
84
Roosevelt Corollary
United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property for Western Hemisphere
85
16th Amendment
grants Congress the power to levy and collect income taxes
86
17th Amendment
established the direct election of U.S. Senators by the people
87
18th Amendment
prohibited the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages
88
19th Amendment
granted women the right to vote
89
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
killed 146 workers and sparked calls for workplace safety reforms, leading to significant changes in labor laws
90
America's involvement in WWI ***
1917-1918
91
Woodrow Wilson ***
1913-1921
92
14 Points
Wilson's plan outlining principles for post-World War I peace negotiations, emphasizing self-determination, free trade, open diplomacy, and the establishment of a League of Nations
93
Schenck vs United States
the Court ruled that freedom of speech can be restricted if it poses a "clear and present danger" to national security
94
Federal Reserve Act
central banking system to create a more stable and flexible monetary system
95
Palmer Raids, Labor Unrest, Red Summer ***
1919 interconnected events that shaped post-World War I, marked by fear of communism, labor disputes, and racial violence
96
1920 Census data (decade)***
1920s first time that the majority of Americans lived in urban areas
97
Scopes Trial (decade)***
1920s school teacher was charged with violating the Butler Act by teaching evolution
98
Highest KKK membership (decade)***
1920s
99
Quota Acts (decade)***
1920s limits on immigration based on national origin, particularly restricting immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe
100
Sacco and Vanzetti (decade)***
1920s Italian immigrants charged with murder and robbery. Convicted on circumstantial evidence; believed to be framed because of their beliefs and activities
101
Franklin D Roosevelt ***
1933-1945
102
TVA
A relief program that built dams, controlled flooding, and brought electricity, and agricultural and industrial development to rural areas in the Tennessee Valley
103
WPA
employed people to perform unskilled work, constructing public buildings, roads, airfields, hospitals, and more
104
NIRA
exempted businesses from anti-trust laws and regulated intrastate commerce, deemed unconstitutional
105
Social Security
signifies a shift in how Americans view government responsibility for individual economic security
106
Neutrality Acts
series of laws designed to prevent the United States from being drawn into foreign conflicts after ww1
107
Atlantic Charter
international organization created by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security
108
Time period 8 and why ***
1945-1980 with the end of ww2 to the end of the cold war
109
decade of Korean War? ***
1950s
110
decade of Sputnik ***
1950s
111
Brown v Board of Education ***
1954
112
Warren Court ***
1953-1969, liberal rulings, especially in the areas of civil and liberties, and federal power, expanded individual rights and protections
113
Decision with Atomic Bomb during which presidency
Truman presidency, bombed Japan to end ww2
114
Truman Doctrine
essentially a policy of "containment," aiming to prevent the spread of communism by pledging to help nations resist communism
115
Little Rock Nine during which presidency
Eisenhower presidency, federal troops sent to protect black students
116
Military Industrial Complex during which presidency
Eisenhower presidency, relationship between a military, the defense industry, and government; warned against the potential for influence on gov decisions
117
Cuban Missile Crisis during which presidency
Kennedy presidency, standoff with the Soviets who secretly placed nuclear missiles in Cuba; stopped through a combination of blockade, negotiations, and a secret deal
118
Freedom Riders during which presidency
Kennedy presidency, civil rights activists rode interstate busses into South to challenge segregation; led to Interstate Commerce Commission banning segregation in interstate transportation
119
Great society during which presidency
LBJ presidency, domestic programs to eliminate poverty and racial injustice
120
Civil Rights Act of 1964 during which presidency
LBJ presidency, prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in the US
121
Voting Rights Act of 1965 during which presidency
LBJ presidency, prohibited states from imposing qualifications or practices to deny voting on account of race;
122
Immigration Act of 1965 during which presidency
LBJ presidency, ended the national origins quota system which favored specific places
123
Why was 1968 a turning point
Nixon elected, assassinations of MLK and Robert F. Kennedy, tet offensive eroded public support for war
124
Order of time period 8 presidents ***
Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, LBJ, Nixon
125
Detente during which presidency
Nixon presidency, period of reduced tensions with the Soviet Union during the Cold War
126
Watergate during which presidency
Nixon presidency, major scandal involving Nixon administration attempting to cover up their involvement in a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters; led to resignation
127
Stagflation during which presidency
Nixon presidency, period of high inflation and high unemployment occurring simultaneously, with stagnant economic growth
128
Roe v Wade
established a constitutional right to abortion, based on a woman's right to privacy
129
Time Period 9 and why ***
1980 to present, starting with Reagan election
130
Ronald Reagan presidency ***
1981-1989
131
Reaganomics
economic polices to reduce the size of the federal government and stimulate economic growth
132
SDI - star wars
missile program that began under Reagan to establish a shield in space that would intercept any incoming missile
133
AIDS Crisis
emerged in the early 1980s with the discovery of the disease, which quickly spread among homosexual men and other vulnerable groups
134
Persian Gulf War l
a conflict primarily between Iraq and a coalition of 42 countries led by the US, that followed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, culminated in the liberation of Kuwait
