Quiz Qs + Samples Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following ONLY have neurocranial bones ?
- Mandible, frontal, parietal
- frontal, occipital, zygomatic
- parietal, temporal, occipital
- Temporal, maxilla, occipital
A
- parietal, temporal, occipital
2
Q
T/F : the temporal bone’s petrous part is responsible for housing the cochlea
A
T : houses inner ear structures
3
Q
T/F : the frontal bone contains post of the lateral and anterior cranial floor
A
F : just the anterior
3
Q
What is the purpose of the foramen magnum
A
*It provides a opening for the spinal cord to exit the skull
4
Q
Which of the following is the function of the butterfly-shaped bone
A
*
5
Q
T/F : the mastoid process and styloid process both connect at the mastoid part in the temporal bone
A
F : the mastoid process is at the mastoid part but the styloid process PROJECTS DOWN + FORWARD at the PETROUS part
6
Q
Smallest bone of the face contributes to what function :
1. Nasal : forms bridge of nose
2. Mastoid bone : structure helping to drain inner ear fluid
3. Lacrimal : contributes to draining tears
A
- Lacrimal : contributes to draining tears
7
Q
- Which of the following bones form the anterior portion of the hard palate?
a. Vomer
b. Maxilla
c. Palatine
d. Zygomatic
A
b. Maxilla
8
Q
- Which cranial bone articulates with all other cranial bones?
a. Ethmoid
b. Parietal
c. Frontal
d. Sphenoid
A
d. Sphenoid
9
Q
- During a speech-language pathology assessment, a child presents with a cleft in the anterior portion of the hard palate, leading to hypernasal speech. Based on the skeletal structure involved, which bone is likely underdeveloped or malformed?
a. Palatine bone
b. Mandible
c. Maxilla
d. Vomer
A
c. Maxilla
10
Q
- A neuroimaging study on articulatory precision shows that airflow during nasal consonants relies on a passage connecting the nasal and oral cavities. Which bone, forming the posterior portion of the hard palate, is essential for maintaining this structure?
a. Maxilla
b. Zygomatic
c. Palatine
d. Ethmoid
A
c. Palatine
11
Q
- A patient with balance and hearing issues is found to have damage to the bone housing the cochlea and vestibular system. From a phonetic perspective, this damage may also influence speech feedback mechanisms. Which part of the skull is affected?
a. Squamous part of the temporal bone
b. Petrous part of the temporal bone
c. Parietal bone
d. Frontal bone
A
b. Petrous part of the temporal bone
12
Q
During sleep apnea assessments, some patients exhibit airflow obstruction linked to the septal structure between the nostrils. From a skeletal standpoint, what bone contributes most to dividing the nasal passage?
a. Vomer
b. Lacrimal
c. Palatine
d. Zygomatic
A
a. Vomer
13
Q
While studying facial symmetry in relation to speech articulation, a researcher focuses on the bones forming the cheek and orbit area, which influence resonance and lip movement. Which bone is central to this investigation?
a. Ethmoid
b. Maxilla
c. Zygomatic
d. Nasal
A
c. Zygomatic
14
Q
A linguist studies nasalization in a language and considers airflow conditioning. They note the curved, shell-like bones within the lateral walls of the nasal cavity that help regulate air turbulence. What are these bones?
a. Inferior nasal conchae
b. Vomer
c. Zygomatic
d. Ethmoid
A
a. Inferior nasal conchae
15
Q
During a medical school anatomy lab, a student is tasked with identifying the bone responsible for forming the posterior and inferior parts of the cranial cavity on a human skull model. The student learned that this bone is crucial for understanding the structural protection it provides to a lobe in that is located in the posterior aspect of the brain. Which bone is the student examining?
a. Parietal bone
b. Frontal bone
c.Occipital bone
d. Sphenoid bone
A
c.Occipital bone
16
Q
John is investigating how the structure of the oral cavity supports articulation in different languages. Specifically, he’s focusing on the bony framework that makes up the roof of the mouth—an area critical for producing many speech sounds. Which of the following bones contribute to the formation of the hard parts of our palate?
a. Both maxilla and palatine bones
b. The Sphenoid bone
c. The maxilla
d. The palatine bone
A
a. Both maxilla and palatine bones
17
Q
Which of the following is true about the zygomatic bone?
a. It connects the nasal cavity to the auditory tube.
b. It forms the lower jaw and houses the lower teeth.
c. It forms the prominence of the cheek and part of the lateral wall of the orbit.
d. It articulates only with the hyoid bone.
A
c. It forms the prominence of the cheek and part of the lateral wall of the orbit.
18
Q
Which of the following is true about the tensor veli palatini (tensor palati) muscle?
a. It flattens and tenses the soft palate and helps open the auditory (Eustachian) tube.
b. It retracts the tongue and narrows the oropharynx.
c. It elevates the soft palate to close off the nasal cavity during swallowing.
d. It originates from the posterior border of the hard palate.
A
a. It flattens and tenses the soft palate and helps open the auditory (Eustachian) tube.
19
Q
T/F : Both the left and right parietal bones intersect with foramen magnum at the lambdoidal suture.
A
F
20
Q
T/F : The palatine aponeurosis serves as a fibrous framework for the soft palate and provides an insertion point for both the tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini muscles.
A
T
21
Q
T/F : The palatopharyngeus muscle originates from the palatine aponeurosis and can lower the velum.
A
T
22
Q
T/F : Kimberly is studying contrastive length in two types of nasal sounds. She wants to investigate whether one of them involves a longer duration of nasality, reflected by a sustained lowered velum position. Kimberly believes that X-ray video data would be a good method for observing this. Do you think it should be true?
A
T
23
Q
T/F : the tensor veli palatini forms a complete ring
A
F : it forms a U-shape, the PALATOGLOSSUS forms the complete ring
24
Which muscle is primarily responsible for connecting the tongue and the velum during articulation?
1. Tensor veli palatini
2. Levator veli palatini
3. Palatoglossus
4. Both the levator and the palatoglossus
3. Palatoglossus
25
The function of the Palatoglossus muscle includes which of the following?
A. Tensing the soft palate
B. Drawing the soft palate towards the tongue and narrowing the oropharyngeal isthmus
C. Elevating and thickening the uvula
D. Opening the Eustachian tube
B. Drawing the soft palate towards the tongue and narrowing the oropharyngeal isthmus
26
The key muscle used for the trapdoor method for VPP closure is the :
1. Tensor veli palatini
2. Levator palati
3. Palatoglossus
4. Palatopharyngeus
5. None of the above
2. Levator palati
27
T/F: the issue with smaller velum mass is that it doesn't have the same capacity to tightly seal the VPP the way it should
T
28
Which of the following muscles is primarily engaged in the circular method of VPP closure?
A) Tensor veli palatini
B) Palatoglossus
C) Levator veli palatini and superior pharyngeal constrictor
D) Musculus uvulae
C) Levator veli palatini and superior pharyngeal constrictor
29
T/F: The Levator Veli Palatini is active during both swallowing and the production of oral speech sounds, functioning to elevate the velum and seal the velopharyngeal port.
True — It creates the seal between the oral and nasal cavities for both functions.
30
T/F: The tensor veli palatini plays a more significant role in speech articulation than in auditory function due to its control over velar stiffness during consonant production.
False — Its primary role is not speech but opening the Eustachian tube, regulating middle ear pressure.
31
T/F: The musculus uvulae assists in velopharyngeal closure by stretching the soft palate laterally to seal against the lateral pharyngeal walls.
False — It elevates and thickens the uvula, not the sides of the velum.
32
T/F: Passavant’s ridge is a permanent anatomical feature present in all speakers and central to all types of VPP closure.
False — It's transient and only active in some speakers, especially those using the CPR method.
33
T/F: Contextually nasalized vowels consistently show greater velopharyngeal opening than phonemically nasal vowels, according to the research findings.
False — Phonemically nasal vowels had larger VPOs; contextual vowels were intermediate.
34
The __________ muscle forms a sling that lifts the soft palate, playing a primary role in trapdoor (coronal) closure of the velopharyngeal port.
Levator veli palatini
35
The study on Québécois French supports the ______________ hypothesis, suggesting that velopharyngeal port movement is gradient rather than binary.
Nasal continuum
36
The __________ method of VPP closure involves inward movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls without significant velum elevation and is rare in typical speakers.
Sagittal
37
The palatoglossus muscle, which connects the soft palate to the tongue, narrows the ______________ and plays a role in both velar lowering and tongue elevation.
Oropharyngeal isthmus
38
1. Which of the following best describes the role of the Palatopharyngeus in speech production?
a. Elevates the uvula to create closure
b. Draws the tongue forward to increase oral space
c. Narrows the pharyngeal cavity and lowers the soft palate
d. Opens the Eustachian tube to regulate pressure
c. Narrows the pharyngeal cavity and lowers the soft palate
39
2. Which combination of muscles is most likely to be active during the circular method of velopharyngeal closure?
a. Levator veli palatini and musculus uvulae
b. Tensor veli palatini and palatoglossus
c. Levator veli palatini and superior pharyngeal constrictor
d. Palatopharyngeus and palatine aponeurosis
c. Levator veli palatini and superior pharyngeal constrictor
40
A speaker exhibits anticipatory nasalization on a vowel preceding a nasal consonant. According to recent research, how would the velopharyngeal port most likely behave in this context?
a. Remain closed due to oral context
b. Exhibit a smaller VPO than in phonemic nasal vowels
c. Open maximally regardless of consonant context
d. Show greater VPO than in carryover nasalization
d. Show greater VPO than in carryover nasalization
41
Which muscle originates from the sphenoid bone and helps in equalizing middle ear pressure during swallowing?
a. Levator veli palatini
b. Tensor veli palatini
c. Musculus uvulae
d. Palatopharyngeus
b. Tensor veli palatini
42
T/F : the maxilla is the only movable part of the jaw
F - this is the mandible (used for mastication)
43
1 month old April's skull is is the process of fusing together her :
1. Maxilla
2. Mandible
3. Parietal
4. Zygomatic
2. Mandible - separate bones fused together
44
Jonah is having problems with his jaw, where his movements feel 'jagged', unlike the smoothness that he usually feels during speech or mastication, which he has seen is caused by a problem with the cushioning of a fibrous disk. Which of the following structures might Jonah be having a problem with?
1. Condyle process
2. Mandibular joint
3. Coronoid process
4. Condyle and mandibular joint
4. Condyle and mandibular joint
45
Which of the foramen have vessels that supply blood to the lower teeth and surrounding bone?
Mandibular
46
T/F : the temporalis muscle acts to slowly close the mandible by elevating and retracting it
F : it is FAST closing
47
Which one is FALSE about the temporalis muscle?
A It is a muscle of mastication.
B It depresses the mandible during jaw opening.
C Its origin intersects with the frontal bone.
D It inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible.
B It depresses the mandible during jaw opening.
48
Which of the following muscles does NOT contribute to the elevation of the mandible?
A Temporalis muscle
B Masseter muscle
C Medial pterygoid muscle
D Lateral pterygoid muscle
D Lateral pterygoid muscle
49
You want to see if younger people have a more protruded tongue in [T] (as in "think") than older people. Would ultrasound be an appropriate method for this study?
A Yes B No
A. Yes
50
1. Which structure is the primary origin site for the genioglossus muscle, a key muscle in tongue protraction?
a) Temporal fossa
b) Inferior mental spine
c) Superior mental spine
d) Mylohyoid line
c) Superior mental spine
51
2. John is a speech-language pathologist evaluating a child with jaw movement asymmetry. He notices reduced control in side-to-side jaw movement during mastication. Which muscle is most likely impaired?
a) Temporalis
b) Lateral pterygoid
c) Masseter
d) Geniohyoid
b) Lateral pterygoid
52
You are studying vowel retraction in a dialect study. Which ultrasound analysis tool would help you automatically extract tongue contours for each frame of ultrasound data?
a) Smoothing Splines
b) EdgeTrak
c) ImageJ
d) PiezoTrace
b) EdgeTrak
53
1. Which structure of the mandible marks the location where the masseter muscle inserts?
a) Mylohyoid line
b) Mandibular foramen
c) Ramus and angle
d) Coronoid process
c) Ramus and angle
54
The temporalis muscle primarily inserts on which structure of the mandible?
a) Condyle
b) Angle
c) Mandibular notch
d) Coronoid process
d) Coronoid process
55
Which ultrasound method is most appropriate for studying the tongue surface shape in real-time?
a) MRI
b) Laryngoscopy
c) X-ray
d) B-mode ultrasound imaging
d) B-mode ultrasound imaging
56
T/F: The digastric muscle has a posterior belly that originates at the styloid process and contributes to jaw elevation.
False — The anterior belly assists with jaw depression, and it originates near the mandible.
57
T/F: The mylohyoid and geniohyoid are both involved in stabilizing the hyoid bone and assisting in jaw depression.
T
58
T/F: The masseter muscle is divided into anterior and posterior sections that allow for both elevation and retraction of the jaw.
False — It has a shallow and deep head, but retraction is mainly done by the temporalis.
59
T/F: Ultrasound imaging is based on the reflection of high-frequency sound waves at tissue boundaries with different acoustic impedances.
T
60
The ______________ joint connects the mandible to the temporal bone and includes a fibrous articular disc to cushion jaw movement.
temporomandibular
61
The ________________ muscle originates from the greater horn of the hyoid and pulls the tongue down and back.
hyoglossus
62
The ______________ foramen is located inside the mandible and allows entry of the inferior alveolar nerve.
mandibular
63
Case: A patient reports difficulty chewing and speech slurring. Imaging shows trauma to the angle and ramus of the mandible, along with decreased bite strength.
Which jaw muscle is likely impaired?
masseter
64
Case: A speaker shows minimal lateral jaw movement and jaw protrusion, but normal elevation.
Lateral pterygoid
65
Case : During a phonetics lab, Josh measures lower tongue posture during back vowels compared to front vowels.
hyoglossus
66
What is the significance of the mental spines in muscle attachment?
A. Both superior and inferior spines are origins for the mylohyoid muscle.
B. Superior mental spines originate the geniohyoid muscle; inferior spines originate the genioglossus.
C. They are purely vestigial and have no muscular function.
D. Superior mental spines originate the genioglossus muscle; inferior spines originate the geniohyoid.
D. Superior mental spines originate the genioglossus muscle; inferior spines originate the geniohyoid.
67
A speech-language pathologist observes that a patient is experiencing difficulty with mastication, particularly when moving the jaw laterally. This impairment affects the patient's ability to chew food properly which requires lateral jaw movements. Which muscle might be implicated in the patient's difficulties?
A. Lateral pterygoid
B. Medial pterygoid
C. Masseter
D. Temporalis
A. Lateral pterygoid
68
Which of the following muscle pairs correctly match both their origin and function?
A. Hyoglossus – originates at temporal bone; elevates tongue
B. Palatoglossus – originates at hyoid bone; retracts tongue
C. Genioglossus – originates at mental spine; protracts and depresses tongue
D. Styloglossus – originates at mandible; depresses tongue
C. Genioglossus – originates at mental spine; protracts and depresses tongue
69
A linguist is investigating how dental anesthesia affects articulation. If the anesthetic is administered through the mental foramen, which articulatory function is most likely to be disrupted?
Incorrect answer:
A. Raising of the jaw
B. Left-to-right movement of the mandible
C. Sensation in the lower lip and chin
D. Lowering of the jaw
C. Sensation in the lower lip and chin
70
T/F : John is looking at a midsaggital slice/image of the tongue of a subject and notices a groove around the tongue body area. It is the genioglossus muscle that can create such a groove in the tongue.
T
71
T/F : The masseter muscle, like the temporalis, inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible and primarily contributes to jaw retraction.
F
72
T/F : The mandibular foramen is located on the external surface of the mandible, while the mental foramen is found internally on the ramus.
F
73
T/F : Mary is curious if the tongue dorsum lowers in [d] compared to [n], which involves a raising of the tongue tip. Ultrasound imaging would be an effective choice for Mary in this study.
F
74
T/F : the intrinsic tongue muscles more deep than the genioglossus muscle
F
75
Which of the following tongue movements or speech gestures most likely requires activation of the superior longitudinal muscle?
A Flattening the tongue blade
B Curling the tongue tip upward
C Pulling the tongue upward and backward D Pulling the tongue forward
B Curling the tongue tip upward
76
Say the word "moth". Which one is true about the intrinsic muscles of the tongue for the last consonant? (Choose the best option!)
A both verticalis and superior longitudinals are active
B both transversus and inferior longitudinals are active
C verticalis is active but superior longitudinals are not
D transversus is active but inferior longitudinals are not
A both verticalis and superior longitudinals are active
77
Which sequence should have an activation of the superior longitudinal muscles
A [ka-ka-ka-ka]
B [ma-ma-ma-ma]
C [ba-ba-ba-ba]
D [la-la-la-la]
D [la-la-la-la]
78
T/F : the contact from tongue bracing is directly responsible for the various kinds of sound alteration that occur
F - it just supports the articulation process
79
Which type of bracing is more prevalent in speech you think?
A. Medial bracing
B. Lateral bracing
C. Both are approximately the same
B. Lateral bracing
80
Which of the following sound involves medial bracing:
A. [j]
B. [l]
C. [N]
D. [à]
B. [l]
81
T/F : the approximant [l] and [j] disrupts airflow from escaping due to its TIGHT seal
F - approximants give enough space to not disrupt airflow
82
T/F : constriction of [u] < [j]
true - vowels have less constrictions than approximants
83
T/F : for turbulent consonants, [f] and [s] use the same kind of tongue shape because the constriction is universal
False - they make varied tongue shapes
84
T/F : lateral fricatives can be produced symmetrically or asymmetrically
true
85
Which of the following has the narrowest degree of consonant constriction?
1. [f]
2. [l]
3. [w]
4. [i]
5. [n]
5. [n] - nasal stop
86
T/F : if Sally is trying to make the sound [p], it is better for her to aim directly for her target movement rather than go beyond her movement and disrupt the sounds she is trying to articulate
F - overshooting is common and typically better because it provides articulatory safety
87
The constriction characterized by little to no overshoot is ______
taps and flaps
88
T/F : In Indian languages, the degrees of constriction for retroflexion depends
true
89
T/F : Static palatography is suitable for studying the degree of constriction in the coronal consonants.
T
90
A patient presents with inability to produce the "sh" sound in "shush" ([ʃ]). Imaging shows reduced anterior tongue elevation. Which intrinsic muscle is most likely impaired?
A) Transversus
B) Verticalis
C) Superior longitudinal
D) Inferior longitudinal
C) Superior longitudinal
91
During a fluency assessment, a child substitutes [t] for [s] (e.g., "tat" for "sat"). Which muscle’s weakness could explain this substitution due to inadequate tongue tip lowering?
A) Inferior longitudinal
B) Verticalis
C) Genioglossus
D) Transversus
A) Inferior longitudinal
92
A stroke survivor struggles with the phrase "keel-heel," confusing [k] and [h]. This likely involves dysfunction in which muscle pair?
A) Transversus and verticalis
B) Superior/inferior longitudinal
C) Genioglossus and styloglossus
D) Hyoglossus and palatoglossus
A) Transversus and verticalis
93
T/F : A patient with superior longitudinal muscle paralysis will struggle most with retroflex sounds like [ɻ] in "red."
T
94
T/F : Tongue bracing is unnecessary for bilabial stops like [p] because no lingual constriction occurs.
False - still needs bracing
95
T/F : Electropalatography would show reduced lateral bracing in a patient producing lateralized [s] (lisp).
True
96
Which statement correctly describes the spatial relationship between the inferior longitudinal muscle and the styloglossus muscle?
A. The inferior longitudinal is medial to the styloglossus
B. The inferior longitudinal originates from the styloid process
C. The inferior longitudinal lies superficial to the styloglossus
D. The inferior longitudinal is lateral to the styloglossus
A. The inferior longitudinal is medial to the styloglossus
97
Which of the following muscles would be substantially activated during the production of [d], as in the word "middle"?
A. trasnverse
B. superior longitudinal
C. inferior longitudinal
D. vertical
B. superior longitudinal
98
Which of the following statements is FALSE about tongue bracing during speech production?
A. Medial constrictions are typically paired with medial bracing to maintain airflow.
B. Bracing helps stabilize the tongue and improve the accuracy of constriction.
C. Bracing provides somatosensory feedback about tongue position due to limited proprioception.
D. Bracing directs airflow through the target constriction site.
A. Medial constrictions are typically paired with medial bracing to maintain airflow.
99
Which of the following sets of speech sounds involves constrictions that can be reliably studied using electropalatography (EPG)?
A. [q, R]
B. [s, z]
C. [a, i]
D. [m, b]
B. [s, z]
100
T/F : The vertical muscle of the tongue primarily functions to narrow and elongate the tongue during speech articulation.
F
101
T/F : Within the tongue, the inferior longitudinal muscle is positioned more medially than the styloglossus muscle.
T
102
T/F : The lateral sound [l] in the word "middle" requires a narrow tongue, which is primarily achieved through contraction of the inferior longitudinal muscle.
F
103
T/F : Even though static palatography/linguography is a very low-tech method, it can be reliably used to determine whether a speaker curls their tongue tip backward when producing a retroflex stop.
T
104
T/F : the superficial layer of the OO works with muscles like depression anguli oris and the risorius
F - risorius and zygomaticus
105
T/F : the superficial layer of the OO works to generate pressure to create sounds like [b]
F - this is the DEEP layer
106
T/F : the marginal and peripheral part of the OO are mutually exclusive
F - they are both always working, one just might work more than the other
107
You are producing the sound [b]. Which part of the orbicularis oris (OO) muscle needs greater activation?
A. Marginal OO
B. Peripheral OO
C. Both
D. Neither
D. Neither?
108
T/F : the risorius muscle is known as the 'laugh' muscle but isn't really
T
109
Decode the smiles! Are these real or fake smiles? Which muscle likely has a greater activation in this context?
A. risorius
B. zygomaticus major
C. levator labii superioris
D. mentalis
A. risorius
110
T/F : lip rounding will shorten the vocal tract and will lower its resonances
F - will EXTEND the Vocal tract
111
In terms of rounding, the vowel [U] is expected to require less finer control of OO muscles than the vowel [u].
A. True B. False
A. TRue
112
Amy wants to use a device to track the vocal fold movement of the sound [v], and she decides to use an EMA. Is this a smart tool to use, why or why not?
No - an EMA is helpful to track movements of the tongue, lips, jaws, but it would be better for her to use EGG than EMA
113
T/F : for context sensitive models, we have a limited amounts of primitives but an unlimited amount of plans
True
114
T/F : due to them working together, articulatory overlap is more common when articulators are anatomically coupled
F
115
How do you say “bestbuy" in casual/fast speech? If not, which one applies here?
A. Deletion
B. Transition
C. Compromise
A. Deletion
116
Which of the following is true about the zygomaticus major muscle?
A. It plays a major role in smiling by pulling the angle of the mouth upward and laterally.
B. It assists in the creation of a frowning face.
C. It originates from the mandible and inserts into the orbicularis oris.
D. It is a muscle of mastication primarily involved in chewing.
A. It plays a major role in smiling by pulling the angle of the mouth upward and laterally.
117
Which of the following is not true about the McGurk effect in speech perception?
A. It demonstrates the interaction between auditory and visual cues in speech perception.
B. It provides evidence that speech perception is multimodal.
C. It occurs when conflicting auditory and visual speech signals lead to a third, fused percept.
D. It is associated with some degree of hearing loss.
D. It is associated with some degree of hearing loss.
118
While analyzing some fieldwork video data, John noticed that for certain rounded vowels in a language, speakers produce the vowel with lip rounding but without protrusion. Which part or layer of the orbicularis oris muscle is likely the most active in such articulation?
A. Marginal part
B. Peripheral part
C. Deep layer
D. Superficial layer
A. Marginal part
119
Which of the following is likely not a function of the buccinator muscle in speech production?
A. Assisting the suprahyoid muscles in elevating the larynx
B. Preventing the cheek from puffing up
C. Assisting in maintaining intraoral pressure
D. Stabilizing the cheeks during articulation
A. Assisting the suprahyoid muscles in elevating the larynx
120
T/F : The risorius muscle is more superficial than the buccinator and contributes to retracting the corners of the mouth laterally during speech or smiling.
T
121
A patient is unable to produce a tight lip seal, resulting in distorted bilabial stops ([p], [b]). Electromyography shows reduced activation in the deep layer of a concentric, sphincter-like muscle. Which muscle and part are most likely impaired?
A) Superficial orbicularis oris
B) Deep orbicularis oris
C) Buccinator
D) Zygomaticus major
B) Deep orbicularis oris
122
A linguist studies a language that contrasts "inrounded" and "outrounded" vowels. Which specific part of the orbicularis oris is primarily responsible for producing the "outrounded" shape?
A) Marginal part
B) Peripheral part
C) Deep part
D) Superficial part
B) Peripheral part
123
A child with facial paralysis cannot produce a spread lip shape for [i] ("beet"). Which muscle is most likely affected?
A) Buccinator
B) Mentalis
C) Risorius
D) Depressor anguli oris
C) Risorius
124
A patient recovering from maxillofacial surgery cannot elevate their upper lip, affecting the production of [f] and [v]. Which muscle is likely damaged?
A) Levator labii superioris
B) Depressor labii inferioris
C) Mentalis
D) Zygomaticus major
A) Levator labii superioris
125
During an acoustic study, a speaker shows reduced contrast between [u] and [y] vowels. This is most likely due to impaired activation of which orbicularis oris part?
A) Marginal
B) Peripheral
C) Deep
D) Superficial
A) Marginal
126
True or False: The mentalis muscle is essential for producing a strong upward movement of the lower lip, such as in pouting or strengthening bilabial closure.
True
127
True or False: The zygomaticus major is more active than the risorius during a sincere smile.
True
