Quiz Questions (1 and 2) Flashcards
(26 cards)
Can lactate diffuse out of the cell?
yes
What happens when the alpha subunit is bound to GDP?
G protein is waiting for ligand to bind to a receptor
If the ligand is membrane bound, what kind of molecule is it?
peptide hormone
How many cycles does a fatty acid that has 16 carbons undergo?
8 cycles
Role of glycogen synthase
Adds glucose monomers to glycogen after the removal of a phosphate
Role of phosphodiesterase
counteracts the amplification process initiated by an effector protein
What happens when a ligand binds to a receptor? (two things)
Enzymatic action on the ligand by receptor to change specificity and allosteric change in receptor affinity state.
Will there be a G protein pathway in tyrosine kinase?
No G protein in tyrosine kinase, so no alpha subunit
Is there oxygen in glycolysis?
No
What is the effect of poison cytochrome oxidase?
The pH becomes more basic in the inter membrane space because protons diffuse from the IMS due to the concentration gradient
Where does an alpha subunit with GDP going towards a receptor come from?
Came from an effector protein
How many more hydrogens does lactate have than pyruvate?
lactate has 2 more hydrogens than pyruvate
Synapse is 120 mm way form post synaptic axon hillock. Will it generate a an action potential?
axon hillock will not generate a liable action potential because even though threshold was reached, decremental spread will result in a voltage under the threshold
What kind of cell regulates the cerebral spinal fluid?
ependymal cell
Calsequestion
exists in the endoplasmic reticulum and provides for the storage of calcium
How is the strength of a stimulus encoded by neurons?
by the frequency of action potentials
A post synaptic membrane has received an IPSP resulting in a voltage 10mv below resting potential. If there is an ESPS same distance away, what voltage must be the exerted for an action potential to occur and what type?
+25mv, spatial summation
What is the difference between axo-axonic and axo-dentrinic or axo-somotic synapses?
Axo-axonic synapse moduble the amount of neurotransmitter sent to a synaptic cleft, whereas axo somatic and axodentrite change graded potentials
As a general rule receptor determines the cell response (true or false)
true
Two axons equal length, both neurons conduct potentials at equal velocity. Nerve a uses saltitory conduction. Nerve b is non-myelinated. What is possible about nerve B that would explain both having equal conduction velocities?
Nerve B is significantly larger than nerve A
Which cytoplasmic proteins requires Ca2+ in order to activate other protein kinases?
calmodulin
What is the mechanism that explains long term potentiation?
the amount of NT released from the pre-synaptic membrane is in higher proportion than the frequency of the action potentials would normally suggest
Consider a ligand is bound to a G receptor and calcium concentration is 10-7M.
The calcium concentration is unchanged so perhaps the alpha subunit was inhibitory and therefore the IP3
didn’t release calcium
The greater the magnitude of receptor generate by stimulus, the greater the amplitude of the action potential
false
