Quiz Questions

Question 1

A 75-year-old female presents with pain in the right eye. On physical examination, excessive tearing is noted, and the lower eyelid is turned inward. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 1

entropion

Question 2

Inflammation, not infection, of the meibomian gland of the eye lid is called?

Answer 2

chalazion

Question 3

One of the purposes of the vitreous humor of the eye is to?

Answer 3

supports posterior side of the lens

Question 4

Schirmer test is evaluating for what condition?

Answer 4

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

Question 5

The macula is responsible for which aspects of vision?

Answer 5

Clear central vision loss and ability to perceive colors

Question 6

The optic nerve is also referred to as?

Answer 6

CN II (2)

Question 7

The purpose of the lens is to?

Answer 7

focus light into the retina

Question 8

What are functions of the ciliary body?

Answer 8

accommodation

aqueous humor production

zonule maintenance

Question 9

What are two important neurological reflexes that the optic nerve transmits to the brain?

Answer 9

Transmits the accommodation reflex and light reflex to the brain.

Question 10

What type of fluid fills the posterior chamber of the eye?

Answer 10

aqueous humor

Question 11

A 32-year-old white man with a history of type-1 diabetes presents to you complaining of decreased vision. He has not seen an eye doctor in years. On exam, you find microaneurysms, venous beading, retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates, and areas of abnormal vasculature in the retina. What is the recommended treatment for this patient?

Answer 11

panretinal laser photocoagulation

Question 12

A patient presents with swelling of the upper and lower eyelids on the right eye with pain to palpation and erythema of the skin. Patient has pain with EOMs. The most likely diagnosis is?

Answer 12

Orbital cellulitis

Question 13

A young 23-year-old black man presents with blood in the anterior chamber of the right eye after blunt injury. The diagnosis is?

Answer 13

Hyphema

Question 14

A patient presents to the ED with a complaint of visual loss. On exam, he is noted to have visual field defects of the temporal field of his right eye and the nasal field of his left eye (right visual fields). What is the most likely cause of his symptoms?

Answer 14

stroke in the left occipital lobe

Question 15

The immediate treatment for a Retrobulbar Hemorrhage causing proptosis and increased IOP is?

Answer 15

Canthotomy

Question 16

The most important treatment for any chemical burn to the eye is?

Answer 16

Irrigate

Question 17

All are signs of a Blowout Fracture except?

• restricted vertical eye movement (upward gaze)
• loss of sensation of the ipsilateral cheek
• epistaxis of the contralateral nares
• subconjunctival hemorrhage

Answer 17

epistaxis of the contralateral nares

Question 18

Signs of a ruptured globe include all the following except

• bloody chemosis
• hyphema
• increased intraocular pressure
• irregularly shaped pupil

Answer 18

increased intraocular pressure

Question 19

gradual progressive bilateral central vision loss is?

Answer 19

age-related macular generation

Question 20

A patient presents to the ER after trauma to the right eye. He has a fixed gaze when attempting to look upward. The most likely diagnosis is which of the following?

Answer 20

entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle

Question 21

A 3-year-old presents with fever, chills, and trouble swallowing for the past three days. Physical examination reveals a temperature 103°F, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudates, no coughing, and a fine maculopapular rash on his chest, back, and extremities. He has no rash in his mouth. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 21

Group A streptococcal pharyngitis

Question 22

A 45-year-old man cannot recall how long the slightly raised white patches on his oral mucosa have been present. Fluconazole prescribed by another practitioner has failed to clear the lesions. White, 4-cm plaques are noted over the anterior buccal mucosa bilaterally that are unable to be removed with rubbing. No ulcerations are present. He has no other mucosal or cutaneous lesions. What would you call these lesions?

Answer 22

oral leukoplakia

Question 23

A 5 year old boy is brought into the emergency department late in the evening by his mother who reports that her child is having difficulty breathing. The mother believes that the child swallowed a small toy he was playing with before bed and insists the boy was completely normal before being put to bed earlier that night. Physical exam reveals a child in respiratory distress, sitting upright and forward with audible inspiratory stridor. Inspection of the oropharynx is clear. In addition, the child is febrile to 102.5ºF and is drooling from the mouth. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 23

acute epiglottitis

Question 24

A characteristic radiographic neck x-ray finding of epiglottitis is the?

Answer 24

Thumbprint sign

Question 25

A child is brought into the clinic by a mother who claims the child will not eat anything because he says his mouth is sore. He had a sudden high fever. Upon assessment of the child you note small round ulcerations with yellow-gray centers surrounded by a rim of erythema on the anterior tonsillar pillars. Which of the following is described?

Answer 25

Herpangina

Question 26

A red oral patch that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease is termed?

Answer 26

Erythroplakia

Question 27

A sexually active 26-year-old male was diagnosed with pharyngitis 10 days prior to his current presentation and was treated with amoxicillin. He discontinued taking the medication after 5 days since his signs and symptoms resolved. Today he reports severe sore throat and difficulty swallowing. He has a temperature of 102.2 F, and his throat examination reveals a swollen soft palate with a medial deviation of the uvula. Which of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 27

Peritonsillar Abscess

Question 28

A ten-year-old female presents with severe throat pain and gray pseudo-membranous pharyngitis, what is the expected organism to be causing this?

Answer 28

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 29

John is 8 years old and presents with discomfort over the left side of his face in front of his ear. He also complains of increased pain on taking sour food. He reports no trauma to the area. On examination you note diffuse swelling and tenderness to palpation of the left pre-auricular area of his face. Also, with palpation the patient complains of a foul taste within his mouth. His temperature is around 38C. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?

Answer 29

Sialadenitis

Question 30

Nina presented with one-week history of pain over her left lower 1st molar and surrounding gingival infection. Today she reports left jaw swelling, trismus, odynophagia and her tongue is raised from the roof of her mouth with a firm induration to the submandibular space. Her dental hygiene is poor. Her uvula is midline with no signs of deviation. There is no stridor at present. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?

Answer 30

Periodontal disease with acute submandibular abscess

Question 31

A 72-year-old patient with long-standing Type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with complaints of pain in his right ear with purulent drainage. On physical exam, the patient is afebrile. The pinna of the left ear is tender, and the external auditory canal is swollen and edematous. The peripheral white blood cell count is normal. The organism most likely to grow from the purulent drainage is?

Answer 31

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 32

A rupture of the tympanic membrane can lead to which type of hearing loss?

Answer 32

Conductive

Question 33

If neglected, which condition below will result in the deformities of the ear referred to as a cauliflower ear?

Answer 33

Auricular hematoma

Question 34

Select the three bones of the middle ear. 1. malleus, incus, stapes 2. malleus, incus, cochlea 3. auricle, incus, stapes 4. malleus, hammer, tragus

Answer 34

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 35

The passageway leading from the nasopharynx to the anterior wall of the middle ear is called the?

Answer 35

Eustachian Tube

Question 36

The receptor organ for hearing is located inside of which structure of the ear?

Answer 36

Cochlea

Question 37

A 29 month, fully immunized child presents to his primary clinic with a 30-hour history of low-grade fever (100 F) and acute right ear pain. On exam, the TM is bulging, erythematous but there is no evidence of perforation or otorrhea. The parents report his pain is well controlled with Tylenol and he is playful, eating and drinking with no difficulty. They are able to follow up if necessary. The recommended treatment of choice is?

Answer 37

Pain control with Tylenol and follow up if no improvement

Question 38

What is the structure that controls balance?

Answer 38

semicircular canals

Question 39

When performing a Rinne test hearing exam, if bone conduction is found to be greater than air conduction what type of hearing loss is this result indicative of?

Answer 39

conductive

Question 40

Which ear structure below aids in collecting sounds from behind?

Answer 40

tragus

Question 41

A 19-year-old presents with nasal congestion since he started a new landscaping job two months ago. He has noted a chronic scratchy sore throat, sneezing, clear rhinorrhea, and watery, itchy eyes. Which of the following is the most likely physical examination finding that would be noted in this patient?

Answer 41

pale, engorged turbinate mucosa

Question 42

A 42-year-old female presents to your clinic complaining of a three-week history of headache, nasal congestion, and sinus pressure. She describes the nasal congestion as "heavy" in the mornings but tends to get better as the day progresses. Physical examination reveals a temperature of 101.1 degrees F, tenderness over the maxillary sinuses, and copious rhinorrhea that is yellow in color. Which of the following is the diagnostic study of choice?

Answer 42

Sinus CT scan

Question 43

A patient comes to you with an anterior nose bleed. Which of the following would be the appropriate initial treatment measure for an anterior nose bleed?

Answer 43

have patient sit down, lead forward, and compress the nares for 15 minutes

Question 44

In a child, what condition must be ruled out if nasal polyps are present?

Answer 44

cystic fibrosis

Question 45

The most common cause of Acute Rhinosinusitis is?

Answer 45

Virus

Question 46

Unilateral, offensive smelling, blood tinged, and purulent rhinorrhea in a 3-year-old is more likely due to:

Answer 46

foreign body

Question 47

What is the most common location of anterior nasal epistaxis?

Answer 47

Kesslebach Plexus

Question 48

Which of the following medications should be avoided in patients with asthma and nasal polyps?

Answer 48

Aspirin

Question 49

Which physical exam finding differentiates vasomotor rhinitis from other rhinitis etiologies?

Question 50

The purpose of treatment of Acute Viral Rhinosinusitis is?

Question 51

A 30-year-old male presents with recurrent bouts of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss where air conduction is greater than bone conduction. He states that the episodes are incapacitating and cause him to become sick to his stomach and vomit. The episodes last about one hour and the symptoms disappear after a few days. The last two episodes were treated with meclizine and prochlorperazine at the emergency room. Audiometry reveals low-tone frequency hearing loss. Which of the following is the most appropriate long-term management for this patient?

Answer 51

diuretics and low sodium diet

Question 52

A 52-year-old male presents to your clinic complaining of a six-month history of episodic loss of hearing in his right ear, tinnitus, and associated spells of vertigo which lasts several minutes to sometimes an hour. He denies visual changes or other complaints. He also denies any history of recent illnesses. Based on this information, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 52

Meniere's disease

Question 53

A healthy 71-year-old male describes visual loss in his right eye. Flashes of light and a curtain-like loss of vision began when he awoke eight hours ago. The symptoms have persisted. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 53

retinal detachment

Question 54

A patient presents describing burning pain to the right cheek with a new skin lesion on his nose. What is the exam that should not be skipped?

Answer 54

full ocular exam

Question 55

A 65-year-old male complains of acute foreign body sensation to his right eye followed by blurred vision. Previously he had normal vision in both eyes. Using fluorescein dye and a slit lamp you see a ciliary flush and irritation of the corneal surface. You diagnose

Answer 55

keratitis

Question 56

Exam of a patient's eye shows a ciliary flush, hyperemia of conjunctival and episcleral vessels adjacent to the cornea. A likely cause of this engorgement is?

Answer 56

anterior uveitits

Question 57

The correct management of suspected keratitis is?

Answer 57

refer immediately to see an ophthalmologist that same day

Question 58

Which of the following is different than the others?

Answer 58

cerebellar vascular ischemia with ataxia

Question 59

A patient complains of slowly progressive unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, and disequilibrium. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 59

acoustic neuroma