quiz questions

Question 1

what is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

delivers oxygen to the body cells
CO2 to the lungs
nutrients (C, L, D, H20, vitamins, minerals)
signals: hormones

Question 2

structures of the system

Answer 2

heart = pump
blood = fluid
blood vessels

Question 3

types of blood vessels (artery)

Answer 3

carries blood AWAY from heart
thicker walls to deal with blood pressure
more elastic + more muscular
branch to smaller vessels called arterioles which carry CAPILLARIES

Question 4

types of blood vessels (capillaries)

Answer 4

site of exchange (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water)

Question 5

types of blood vessels (vein)

Answer 5

carry blood TOWARDS heart
thinner walls bc of less blood pressure
less elastic + less muscular
valves present

Question 6

types of valves

Answer 6

tricuspid (right)
bicuspid
mitral (left)

Question 7

where are valves located?

Answer 7

between atriums + ventricles

Question 8

what is the valves function

Answer 8

prevent backflow of blood into atria when ventricles are contracting

Question 9

what do valves need to be?

Answer 9

the need to be strong!!
cusp chordae tendineae
papillary

Question 10

where are semilunar valves located?

Answer 10

between ventricles + big arteries

Question 11

what are semilunar valves function?

Answer 11

prevents backflow of blood into ventricles when ventricles are relaxed (diastolic)
contract (systolic)

Question 12

how may chambers are there in the heart?

Answer 12

4 chambers

Question 13

what type of blood does the chambers on the right side of the body receive and where does it come from?

Answer 13

blue deoxygenated blood from the body

Question 14

what type of blood does the chambers on the left side of the body receive and where does it come from?

Answer 14

red oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 15

what are the three circuits of the heart?

Answer 15

pulmonary and systemic and coronary/ cardiac

Question 16

what does the pulmonary circuit do?

Answer 16

carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Question 17

what does the systemic circuit do?

Answer 17

carries blood from the heart to the tissues for the body and back to the heart

Question 18

what does the coronary/cardiac do?

Answer 18

brings oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart to the heart muscle and then drains deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle back to the right side of the heart

Question 19

what kind of blood do arteries carry in the systemic circuit?

Answer 19

oxygenated (red)

Question 20

what kind of blood do arteries carry in the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 20

deoxygenated (blue)

Question 21

what is the pathway of blood from the body?

Answer 21

superior vena cava/ inferior vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries

Question 22

what is the pathway of blood from the lungs?

Answer 22

pulmonary veins
left atrium
bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
aorta

Question 23

what is in hematocrit?

Answer 23

plasma: dissolved gases nutrients, waste, mainly h2o, blood proteins
formed elements: platelets, leukocytes (WBC), erythrocytes(RBC)

Question 24

what are the characteristics of erythrocytes?

Answer 24

anucleate, essentially no organelles

Question 25

characteristics of hemoglobin and function

Answer 25

protein that transports oxygen- 4 proteins each protein has a red pigment called heme each heme has 1Fe O2 is attracted to Fe kidneys release EPO when there's not enough )2 in your blood

Question 26

what is leukemia?

Answer 26

to many poorly functioning white blood cells

Question 27

what is atherosclerosis (cause of a heart attack)?

Answer 27

hardening of the blood vessels plaques form inside blood vessels blocks blood flow increases risk of blood clots

Question 28

what does a cardiac catherization help with?

Answer 28

allows us to take a picture of the arteries of the heart = angiogram

Question 29

what is an angioplasty?

Answer 29

ballooning of the capillaries

Question 30

what is a stent?

Answer 30

stays in blood vessel holding it open

Question 31

what is a bypass?

Answer 31

adding another vein for a bypass

Question 32

how to identify valvular disease?

Answer 32

listen to the heart (lub+dub= heart movement) treatement with valve replacement

Question 33

what is an echocardiogram

Answer 33

an ultra sound of the heart

Question 34

what is arrythmia

Answer 34

an irregular heartbeat

Question 35

what does the sinoatrial node do?

Answer 35

auto rhythmic cells that stores to contract

Question 36

what is the sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node function?

Answer 36

signal goes to atria they contract signal goes JAV node atrioventricular node pauses the signal to ventricles then sends signal to conduction pathway

Question 37

what are the signals measured in?

Answer 37

measured on an ECG/EKG = electrocardiogram

Question 38

what does the P wave do?

Answer 38

signals to the atria to contract

Question 39

what does the QRS complex do?

Answer 39

signals for the ventricles to contract

Question 40

what does the T wave do?

Answer 40

it is the ventricles resetting

Question 41

what is the advantage of having a 4 chambered heart

Answer 41

atria fills the ventricles and ventricles pump the blood

Question 42

advantage of having two fully separated sides of the heart?

Answer 42

deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood don't mix

Question 43

what is the only artery in the body to carry deoxygenated blood?

Answer 43

pulmonary artery (carries blood away)

Question 44

what is the only vein in the body to carry oxygenated blood?

Answer 44

pulmonary vein

Question 45

which vessel type is most abundant in our bodies by length?

Answer 45

capillaries because you have the most

Question 46

what is the lymph system and how is it related to the circulatory system

Answer 46

collects all leaked fluids from digestive system and gets dumped into the left subclavian vein

Question 47

why are ventricles more muscular chambers than atria

Answer 47

ventricles have to pump blood to the rest of the body

Question 48

what is the function of the aortic arch

Answer 48

so blood can reach above and below the heart

Question 49

what do the two numbers of blood represent

Answer 49

systolic: when you hear the blood diastolic: when the sound of the blood stops

Question 50

what is a sphygmomanometer

Answer 50

measures blood pressure

Question 51

what do systolic and diastolic correspond to?

Answer 51

heart contracting during systole heart relaxing during diastole