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227: Animal Nutrition > Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

What do animals obtain energy from?

A

Plants

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2
Q

What factors does gross energy not take into account?

A

Energy lost through the urine
Energy lost through the feces
Energy used for digestion

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3
Q

What method is most accurate for determining ME (Metabolizable energy) of a food?

A

Feeding trial

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4
Q

What happens to excess energy consumed above energy needs?

A

Deposited into adipose cells for storage

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5
Q

How many calories does water contribute to the diet?

A

0

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6
Q

Water is integral for what process(es)?

A

Elimination
Transport
Digestion

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7
Q

The majority of water enters the body in what way?

A

Voluntary oral intake

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8
Q

What is the primary purpose of carbohydrates in the body?

A

Provide energy

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9
Q

What effect can be seen in a cat consuming a high carbohydrate diet?

A

GI distress

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10
Q

Stored fat found under the skin is termed what?

A

Subcutaneous fat

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11
Q

What determines whether a lipid is a fat or an oil?

A

The physical state at room temperature

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12
Q

Which family of omega EFAs are essential?

A

Omega 3

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13
Q

Which EFA is essential for cats but not dogs?

A

Arachidonic acid

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14
Q

The skin is unable to convert which EFA into arachidonic acid?

A

Linoleic acid

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15
Q

The base unit for a protein is ________

A

Amino acids

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16
Q

Complex proteins can be found in what areas of the body?

A

Muscle tissue
Vessel walls
Plasma albumin

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17
Q

Quality of proteins in the diet is determined by what?

A

Digestibility

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18
Q

Protein quality is expressed using what method?

A

Chemical score or biologic value

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19
Q

How does colostrum differ from regular milk?

A

Lower water content, higher protein content

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20
Q

Why is cow’s milk not an appropriate substitute for bitch or queen milk?

A

Nutrient density is too low, lactose level is too high

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21
Q

How is digestion in neonates affected by hypothermia?

A

Suckling reflex and digestion are decreased

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22
Q

Milk replacers should follow which AAFCO nutrient profile?

A

There isn’t a nutrient profile for milk replacers

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23
Q

Behavioral weaning is complete after what age?

A

8 weeks

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24
Q

What is the function of vitamins in the body?

A

Enzymes, coenzymes and enzyme precursors

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25
Toxicity is most likely to occur with which vitamin(s)?
Vitamin A
26
Deficiency of vitamin D also results in what other deficiencies/imbalances?
Calcium and Phosphorous
27
Why are the B complex vitamins grouped together?
They have similar metabolic functions and occurrences in foods
28
Since carotenoids require bile salts for absorption and digestion, they would be classified as what?
Fat soluble
29
Macronutrients can be used by the body to produce energy. They include all of the following except: A. vitamins B. carbohydrates C. proteins D. fats
A. Vitamins
30
___________________must be consumed regularly because it cannot be stored in the body if in excess.
Protein
31
What cannot be synthesized in the bodies of dogs or cats?
Essential fatty acids
32
Excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscle tissue as _________, which can be quickly metabolized when needed or converted to fat for long-term storage.
Glycogen
33
Minerals are classified as macrominerals vs. microminerals based on what?
The amount required in the diet
34
When estimating how much to feed a hospitalized adult animal patient you should calculate what?
The RER (Resting energy requirement)
35
The amino acid Taurine is important to consider when reviewing a pets diet for what reason?
It is required in the diet for cats but not for dogs
36
Dogs and cats do not have the same fat metabolism or tendency to get atherosclerosis as people, so there is no risk associated with feeding them ___________ (animal origin) fats
Saturated
37
It is important that cats be fed foods with animal proteins since what acid is essential for cats?
Arachidonic acid
38
All of the following are characteristics of vitamins except one. Which is not associated with a vitamin? A. They can be synthesized by animals B.They maintain metabolic processes C. They are inorganic molecules D. Requirements are species-specific
C. They are inorganic molecules
39
What was the first type of pet food manufactured?
Dry biscuits
40
Which agency is responsible for regulating kennels and catteries?
USDA
41
Which agency ensures uniformity of labeling and nutritional adequacy statements?
AAFCO
42
Which agency regulates any health claims on pet food labels?
FDA
43
What is the maximum amount of moisture that is allowed in pet foods unless they are specially labeled as sauces, gravies, juices or milk replacers?
78%
44
A food that is labeled as 'complete and balanced' is suitable for which life stage?
All life stages
45
What part of the label is designed to attract the consumer's attention?
Principal display panel
46
How are ingredients listed on pet food containers?
By weight, with the heaviest listed first
47
How is splitting of ingredients advantageous for the manufacturer?
It allows less desirable ingredients to be listed farther down the list
48
What is a major problem with calculating nutrient values using a chart?
1. Actual digestibility is not measured. 2. The chart represents averages and may not reflect the actual ingredient 3. Nutrient loss through processing and storage is not accounted for
49
Proximate analysis looks at what nutrients?
Protein, fat, water and carbohydrates
50
What can be seen in an animal consuming a food with lower digestibility?
Increased fecal volume and looser consistency
51
Which food has the highest moisture content? A. Raw B. Kibble C. Semi moist D. Moist
D. Moist/Wet
52
Which nutrient level is most affected by prolonged storage of processed foods?
Fats
53
An advantage of feeding a raw food diet would be what?
Increased coat health
54
What is the primary reason owners buy snacks and treats?
To show love and affection
55
What bacterial contamination has been associated with feeding of raw food diets?
Escherichia coli Salmonella Yersinia
56
If owners are feeding a raw food diet, how often should veterinary rechecks be scheduled to monitor for any problems?
Every 3-6 months
57
Who is responsible for ensuring that a food is free of contaminations?
The manufacturer
58
Artificial colors are added to some pet foods for what reason?
To increase consumer appeal
59
What would be an example of a common imbalance found in homemade diets not formulated by a veterinary nutritionist?
Insufficient protein levels
60
Road kill would be an acceptable substitute in a homemade diet – after all, animals are designed to eat fresh meat. True or False?
FALSE
61
When treating an animal for food related bacterial poisoning, why are antibiotics not always effective?
The enterotoxins produced by the bacteria are not affected by antibiotic use
62
Diet drift is what phenomenon?
The client substitutes ingredients resulting in an imbalance in the diet
63
How often should an animal being fed a homemade diet be evaluated by their veterinary team?
Every 6 months
64
Portion-controlled feeding is helpful in managing what condition/situation?
Obesity
65
The average field mouse contains how many calories when consumed whole?
30
66
Cats have evolved to eat how many times/day?
9-16
67
Problems associated with obesity in the bitch prior to pregnancy include what?
Dystocia
68
The greatest increase in energy requirements occurs during which phase of pregnancy?
The third trimester
69
Which nutrient is most important during lactation?
Water
70
What is the ideal age to breed a cat?
1.5-7 years
71
DHA, in dogs, is required for development of what?
Brain, retina, and auditory
72
The most rapid period of growth for dogs occurs during what period of life?
0-6 months
73
AAFCO recommendations for optimal protein levels in puppy food are what percentage?
25-29% ME
74
The most rapid period of growth for cats occurs during what period of life?
3-6 months
75
Skeletal maturity occurs by what age in cats?
10-12 months
76
DHA is synthesized from what fatty acid?
Alpha-linolenic
77
Lactose intolerance is an example of mal-digestion of what class of nutrients?
Carbohydrates
78
The maximum amount of calories provided daily by snacks should be what percentage?
10%
79
Diarrhea or vomiting secondary to a diet change is an indicator of what?
Lack of appropriate digestive enzymes in the GI tract
80
How much more common is obesity in neutered dogs than intact dogs?
2 times
81
Which type of diet would provide the highest water intake?
Canned
82
Who sets the testing requirements for feeding trials?
AAFCO
83
Preservatives are designed to protect breakdown of what nutrient?
Fats
84
If a client wants to avoid feeding preservatives or antioxidants what do you recommend?
That they feed canned food diets as canning acts as a preservative on its own

227: Animal Nutrition (2 decks)

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