QUIZ QUESTIONS Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO COARSE SHEETS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED
__________ THAT BIND MUSCLES INTO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
A
DEEP FASCIA
2
Q
GIVE THE FUNCTION OF SYNERGISTS
A
AID THE ACTION OF AGONISTS
3
Q
NAME TWO CRITERIA (WAYS) USED TO CLASSIFY / NAME MUSCLES
A
DIRECTION OF MUSCLE FIBERS/RELATIVE SIZE OF MUSCLE/ LOCATION OF MUSCLE/ NUMBER OF ORIGINS/ LOCATION OF MUSCLE’S ORIGIN & INSERTION/ SHAPE OF MUSCLE/ACTION OF MUSCLE
4
Q
NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY
THEIR NUMBER OF ORIGINS
A
BICEPS/ TRICEPS
5
Q
NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY
THEIR RELATIVE SIZE
A
Maximus/ largest/ minims/ longs/ long/ short/ brevis
6
Q
NAME TWO DESCRIPTIVE TERMS USED WHEN CLASSIFYING MUSCLES BY THE
DIRECTION OF THEIR MUSCLE FIBERS
A
Rectus/ Transverse/ Oblique
7
Q
EACH MOTOR NEURON AXON BREAKS UP INTO MANY BRANCHES CALLED
A
Axon Terminals
8
Q
THE JUNCTION BETWEEN AN AXON AND A MUSCLE CELL IS CALLED
A
Neuromuscular/ Myoneural Junction
9
Q
THE BULK OF THE BODY’S MUSCLE IS COMPOSED OF WHICH MUSCLE TYPE?
A
Skeletal
10
Q
THE FLUID-FILLED GAP SEPARATING NEURONAL AND MUSCLE FIBER
MEMBRANES IS CALLED______
A
Synaptic Cleft
11
Q
EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO STRONG CORD-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED ___________
A
Tendons
12
Q
EPIMYSIA BLEND INTO STRONG FLAT/ SHEET-LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED
___________
A
Aponeuroses
13
Q
GIVE THE TWO OTHER NAMES BY WHICH SKELETAL MUSCLES ARE KNOWN (
HINT: CONTROL/ APPEARANCE)
A
Voluntary muscles and striated muscle
14
Q
SKELETAL MUSCLE IS COMPOSED OF RELATIVELY LARGE, LONG
CYLINDRICAL CELLS, SOMETIMES CALLED _________________
A
Fibers
15
Q
GIVE THE RANGE OF MUSCLE FIBER DIAMETER
A
10-100 μm
16
Q
GIVE THE RANGE OF MUSCLE FIBER LENGTH
A
From as large as 6cm to 25cm
17
Q
MUSCLE CELLS ARE BUNDLES OF ___________________
A
Myofibrils
18
Q
MYOFIBRILS ARE MADE UP OF EVEN SMALLER THREAD-LIKE STRUCTURES
CALLED ______________
A
Myofilaments
19
Q
WHAT CHANNEL IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE SARCOLEMMA AND
PROPOOGATES THE ACTION POTENTIAL CLOSE TO THE SARCOPLAMIC
RETICULUM?
A
Transverse Tubule
20
Q
A LARGE NUMBER OF FASCICLES ARE BOUND TOGETHER BY A COARSE
“OVERCOAT” OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED THE ______________,
WHICH SHEATHS THE ENTIRE MUSCLE.
A
Epimysium
21
Q
GIVE THE FUNCTION OF AGONISTS
A
producing a particular movement
22
Q
GIVE THE FUNCTION OF AN ANTAGONIST
A
oppose / reverse a movement
23
Q
GIVE THE FUNCTION OF FIXATORS
A
immobilize the origin of a prime mover
24
Q
WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF AGING ON MUSCLES, WHAT HAPPENS TO THEM
A
they become Sinewy/ Stringier
25
THE TRANSVERSE TUBULE AND THE TWO TERMINAL CISTERNAE ON EITHER
SIDE FORM A REGION CALLED A _______________
Triad
26
A MUSCLE’S FIXED (IMMOVABLE) SITE OF ATTACHMENT IS CALLED ITS
______________________
Origin
27
SEVERAL SHEATHED MUSCLE FIBERS ARE WRAPPED TOGETHER BY A
| COLLAGENIC MEMBRANE CALLED?
Perimysium
28
____________ ARE THE ACTUAL CONTRACTILE UNITS OF A MUSCLE
Sarcomeres
29
THE _______________ IS THE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE LAYER
| SURROUNDING EACH INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE FIBER
Endomysium
30
A BUNDLE OF SEVERAL SHEATHED MUSCLE FIBERS, WRAPPED TOGETHER BY
A COLLAGENIC MEMBRANE, ARE CALLED A _________________________
Fascicle
31
A MUSCLE’S MORE MOVABLE SITE OF ATTACHMENT IS CALLED ITS
| ______________________
Insertion
32
A NEURON AND ALL THE MUSCLE CELLS IT STIMULATES MAKE UP THE
| FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE CALLED A ________________________
Motor Unit
33
WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL NAME FOR THE THIN FILAMENTS OF THE
| MYOFIBRILS?
Actin
34
WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL NAME FOR THE THICK FILAMENTS OF THE
| MYOFIBRILS?
Myosin
35
WHAT PART OF THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM IS IN CLOSE PROXIMITY
WITH THE TRANSVERSE TUBULE?
Terminal Cisternae
36
FOR WHAT IS THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM A REPOSITORY?
Calcium
37
HOW MANY THIN FILAMENTS SURROUND EVERY THICK FILAMENT IN EACH
MYOFIBRIL?
6 thin filaments
38
HOW MANY THICK FILAMENTS SURROUND EVERY THIN FILAMENT IN EACH
MYOFIBRIL?
3 thick filaments
39
MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES INSERT AT THE _______________ OR THE
| _______________ (GIVE EITHER)
Linea alba/ pubic crest
40
MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT ________________
OR ______________ THE TRUNK (GIVE EITHER)
- flexes & rotates vertebral column
- compress abdominal wall or contents
- aids muscles of the back to rotate
41
MOST DEEP THORAX MUSCLES HAVE ORIGINS ON THE_______
inferior and superior border of rib
42
MOST ABDOMINAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT MOVES THE
________________ OR AIDS IN ___________ OR ________________ OF AIR INTO
OR OUT THE LUNGS
- VERTEBRAL COLUMN
- MUSCLES OF THE BACK IN TRUNK ROTATION & LATERAL FLEXION
- MOVEMENT
43
MOST POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK PRODUCE ACTIONS THAT MOVE
THE _________________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)
HUMERUS OR SCAPULA
44
MOST DEEP FACIAL MUSCLES PRODUCE AN ACTION THAT MOVES SOME
| PART OF THE ____________
MANDIBLE
45
MOST SUPERFICIAL FACIAL MUSCLES INSERT IN SOME PART OF THE
| ____________
SKIN
46
MOST DEEP FACIAL MUSCLES INSERT IN SOME PART OF THE______
MANDIBLE
47
MOST ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK HAVE INSERTIONS IN A PART OF THE
______________
HYOID BONE
48
MOST ANTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE NECK HAVE ACTIONS THAT INVOLVE
| MOVEMENT OF THE ____________
HYOID BONE
49
MOST POSTERIOR MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK HAVE INSERTIONS ON SOME PART
OF THE _________________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)
HUMERUS OR SCAPULA
50
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE HUMERUS/ UPPER ARM HAVE INSERTIONS IN
SOME PART THE ______________ OR THE ___________
ULNA/RADIUS
51
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER ARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART
THE ______________
HUMERUS
52
THE ACTION OF MOST SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
| ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM MUSCLES IS ____________
WRIST FLEXION
53
WHAT IS THE ACTION OF MOST MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER ARM
| COMPARTMENT?
FOREARM FLEXION
54
WHAT IS THE ACTION OF THE MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR UPPER ARM
| COMPARTMENT?
FOREARM FLEXION
55
THE ACTION OF MOST DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/
| FOREARM MUSCLES IS _________________ OR _____________ (GIVE EITHER)
THUMB/FINGER FLEXION
56
THE ACTION OF MOST DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT ANTEBRACHIUM/
| FOREARM MUSCLES IS _________________
THUMB EXTENSION
57
THE ACTION OF MOST SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM MUSCLES IS____________ OR _________________
(GIVE ANY ONE)
WRIST EXTENSION; WRIST ADDUCTION
58
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE
______________ OR ____________ (GIVE EITHER)
HUMERUS ; ULNA
59
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE DEEP ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE
______________ OR ____________ (GIVE EITHER)
ULNA; INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE
60
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE DEEP POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE ORIGINS IN SOME PART THE
______________ OR ____________OR ______________ (GIVE ANY ONE)
ULNA OR RADIUS OR INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE
61
THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF
THE LOWER LEG IS ______________
PLANTAR FLEXION OF FOOT
62
THE ACTIONS OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF
THE LOWER LEG IS ______________ OR ________________ (GIVE EITHER)
PLANTAR FLEXION OF FOOT OR EVERSION OF FOOT
63
ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG
HAVE ORIGINS IN SOME PART OF THE ________________
FIBULA
64
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
ANTEBRACHIUM/ FOREARM HAVE AN ORIGIN IN SOME PART OF THE
______________
HUMERUS
65
THE ACTION OF MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE UPPER MEDIAL LEG
COMPARTMENT IS ____________________ OR _____________________ OR
__________________ (GIVE ANY ONE)
THIGH ADDUCTION;
FLEXION OF THIGH;
ROTATION OF THE THIGH
66
THE ACTION OF MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER LEG
| COMPARTMENT IS ______________
KNEE EXTENSION
67
MOST MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR UPPER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE
| INSERTIONS AT THE _____________ OR _______________ (GIVE EITHER)
TIBIAL TUBEROSITY; PATELLA
68
THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES IS ______________
ABDUCTION OF THIGH
69
ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES HAVE INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF THE
____________
FEMUR
70
MOST OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LEG HAVE
ORIGINS ON SOME PART OF THE ______________ OR THE _____________
FEMUR, PELVIS
71
ALL OF THE GLUTEAL MUSCLES HAVE ORIGINS AT SOME PART OF THE
| ______________
ILLIUM
72
THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE
UPPER LEG IS ______________
THIGH EXTENSION
73
ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE UPPER LEG HAVE
ORIGINS AT THE ______________
ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
74
ALL OF THE POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT MUSCLES OF THE LOWER LEG HAVE
INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF THE ______________
CALCANEOUS
75
ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LOWER LEG
HAVE AN INSERTION AT ONE OF THE ______________
METATARSALS
76
MOST OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR LOWER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE
ORIGINS AT SOME PART OF THE _______________ OR ________________ (GIVE
EITHER)
TIBIA; FIBULA
77
THE ACTION OF ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF
THE LOWER LEG IS ______________
DORSIFLEXION OF FOOT
78
ALL OF THE MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR LOWER LEG COMPARTMENT HAVE
INSERTIONS AT SOME PART OF A _______________ OR A _____________ (GIVE
EITHER)
CALCANEOUS
79
WHEN _____________ MUSCLE CONTRACTS BLOOD CIRCULATES, DELIVERING
NUTRIENTS TO CELLS AND REMOVING CELL WASTE
cardiac
80
___________________ IS A RECORDING OF THE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF
MUSCLES.
Electromyogram
81
______________ IS AN EMG WHERE A NEEDLE ELECTRODE IS INSERTED
THROUGH THE SKIN INTO THE MUSCLE WHOSE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY IS TO
BE MEASURED.
INTRAMUSCULAR EMG
82
______________ IS AN EMG WHERE THE ELECTRODES ARE PLACED ON THE
SKIN OVERLYING THE MUSCLE
SURFACE EMG
83
_________________ MEANS CHANGING THE STRENGTH OF MUSCLE
CONTRACTION OR THE EXTENT OF SHORTENING IN PROPORTION TO THE
LOAD PLACED ON THE MUSCLE BY WAY OF MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT
GRADING
84
______________ IS A CONSTANT STATE OF SLIGHT TENSION THAT SERVES TO
MAINTAIN THE MUSCLE IN A STATE OF READINESS
TONUS
85
THE MUSCLE FORCE GENERATED BY MUSCLE ACTIVITY IS EXPRESSED IN
________ (UNITS).
KILOGRAM (kg)
86
DEFINE MECHANICAL WORK PERFORMED BY SKELETAL MUSCLE
Muscle contract to move parts of the body
87
THE STRENGTH OF THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT GENERATED BY MUSCLE
| ACTIVITY IS EXPRESSED IN ________ (UNITS)
MILLIVOLTS
88
CONTRACTION OF __________MUSCLE MOVES ONE PART OF THE BODY WITH
RESPECT TO ANOTHER PART
SKELETAL
89
CONTRACTION OF __________ MUSCLE (TYPE), CHANGES THE INTERNAL
DIAMETER OF HOLLOW ORGANS
SMOOTH
90
___________
IS THE NAME OF THE TYPE OF EMG WHERE THE ELECTRODES
ARE PLACED ON THE SKIN OVERLYING THE MUSCLE
SURFACE electromyography
91
SUSTAINED FUSION OF INDIVIDUAL MUSCLE TWITCHES IS KNOWN AS
| ____________.
TETANUS
92
_________________ IS THE COMBINATION OF A SINGLE MOTOR NEURON AND
ALL OF THE MUSCLE FIBERS IT CONTROLS
MOTOR UNIT
93
THE DETECTION, AMPLIFICATION, AND RECORDING OF CHANGES IN SKIN
VOLTAGE PRODUCED BY UNDERLYING SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
94
THE SEQUENTIAL ACTIVATION OF MOTOR UNITS TO PERFORM A DESIGNATED
TASK IS KNOWN AS ______________________
MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT
95
WHEN DOES FATIGUE OCCUR?
ATP depletion
96
A DECREASE IN THE MUSCLE’S ABILITY TO GENERATE FORCE DUE TO A
DEPLETION OF ATP, A BUILD UP OF INORGANIC PHOSPHATE OR POTASSIUM
CAUSING A BLOCKAGE OF CALCIUM RELEASE FROM S.R.OR OXYGEN DEBT IN
MUSCLE IS CALLED?
FATIGUE
97
DESCRIBE ONE WAY OF CONTROLLING THE DEGREE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
CONTRACTION?
Activating a desired number of motor units within the muscle
98
______________ IS THE MEASUREMENT OF POWER.
Dynamometry
99
____________ IS THE AMOUNT OF WORK DONE PER UNIT OF TIME
POWER
100
WHAT WAS THE HAND DYNAMOMETER / DYNAGRIP USED TO SHOW?
Force generated
101
______________ IS A GRAPHIC RECORDING OBTAINED BY USING A
| DYNAMOMETER
DYNAGRAM
102
NAME THE INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE GRIP FORCE
DYNAGRIP
103
INCREASED CONTRACTILE STRENGTH DUE TO AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER
OF MUSCLE CELLS STIMULATED IS CALLED?
MULTIPLE MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT
SUMMATION
104
THE STAIRCASE EFFECT OF SLIGHT INCREASES IN CONTRACTILE STRENGTH
OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE TWITCHES DUE TO MORE CALCIUM AND HEAT AS
EACH ENSUING TWITCH OCCURS IS CALLED?
TREPPE
105
THE PERIOD OF A MUSCLE TWITCH BETWEEN MUSCLE STIMULATION AND
| CONTRACTION IS CALLED?
LATENT PERIOD
106
FORCE GENERATED BY STRETCHING A MUSCLE AND DUE TO IT'S ELASTIC
PROPERTIES IS CALLED?
PASSIVE FORCE
107
___________ STIMULATION CAUSES SKELETAL MUSCLE TO CONTRACT
ELECTRICAL
108
THE SUM OF THE PASSIVE FORCE AND THE ACTIVE FORCE IS CALLED?
TOTAL FORCE
109
WHAT IS A SINGLE MUSCLE CONTRACTION CALLED?
MUSCLE TWITCH
110
DURING A TWITCH THE PHASE IN WHICH MUSCLE FIBERS SHORTEN IS
| CALLED?
CONTRACTION PHASE
111
DURING A TWITCH THE PHASE IN WHICH MUSCLE FIBERS RELAX AND
| LENGTHEN IS CALLED?
RELAXATION PHASE
112
__________ STIMULUS LEADS TO A CONTRACTILE RESPONSE
TRESHOLD
113
A __________ STIMULUS LEADS TO A NONCONTRACTILE RESPONSE
SUB-TRESHOLD
114
RESTORING OF THE RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL IS CALLED
RE-POLARIZATION
115
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE NEUROTRANSMITTER THAT ENTERS THE
| SYNAPTIC CLEFT FROM VESICLES IN THE AXON TERMINAL?
ACETYLOCHOLINE / ACh
116
MUSCLE STIMULATION IN RAPID SUCCESSION OF THE SAME INTENSITY BUT
OF A GREATER FREQUENCY CAUSING GREATER RESPONSE (STRENGTH OF
CONTRACTION) IS CALLED
WAVE SUMMATION
117
THE WEAKEST STIMULUS THAT WILL STIMULATE ALL THE MUSCLE CELLS OF
A MUSCLE IS CALLED_________STIMULUS
MAXIMAL
118
WHAT IS THE WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED UNDER OXYGEN DEPLETED
| (FATIGUED) MUSCLE CONDITIONS?
LACTIC ACID
119
A CONSTANT STATE OF SLIGHT TENSION THAT MAINTAINS MUSCLE
| READINESS IS CALLED?
TONUS
120
WHAT ION IS STORED INSIDE THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
CALCIUM
121
WHAT IS THE ENERGY THAT IS USED TO DRIVE MUSCLE CONTRACTION
| CALLED?
ATP
122
WHAT IS THE NORMAL RESTING POTENTIAL/ POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE/
| VOLTAGE OF A MUSCLE FIBER/ CELL
-60 TO -90 mV
123
AN EVENT IN WHICH THE CELL BECOMES LESS NEGATIVELY CHARGED IS
CALLED?
depolarization
124
A CONTRACTION IN WHICH MUSCLE LENGTH DOESN'T CHANGE, BUT FORCE
GENERATED CAN IS CALLED A___________ CONTRACTION?
ISOMETRIC
125
STIMULATION AT SUCH A FREQUENCY THAT NO RELAXATION OCCURS, A
| SUSTAINED CONTRACTION, IS CALLED?
TETANUS
126
A CONTRACTION IN WHICH MUSCLE LENGTH CHANGES, BUT FORCE
| GENERATED STAYS THE SAME IS CALLED A_________________ CONTRACTION?
ISOTONIC
127
THE FORCE GENERATED BY THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONTRACTION OF MUSCLE
IS CALLED?
ACTIVE FORCE
128
THE PERIOD AFTER DEPOLARIZATION WHEN SODIUM GATES ARE STILL
| OPENED AND STIMULUS WILL NOT CAUSE AN ACTION POTENTIAL IS CALLED?
absolute refractory period
