QUIZ QUESTIONS Flashcards
(267 cards)
1
Q
IN EEG BRAIN WAVES THE UNIT OF AMPLITUDE IS____
A
microvolts/ 10 e-10
2
Q
WHAT IS MEASURED BY THE “GROUND” ELECTRODE IN AN EEG OBTAINED BY THE “BIPOLAR METHOD”
A
THE BODY’S BASELINE VOLTAGE
3
Q
DELTA WAVES, WHICH ARE OBSERVED DURING SLEEPING, MAY INCREASE DURING ___________
A
DIFFICULT MENTAL ACTIVITIES
4
Q
EXPLAIN WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF THE BIOPAC EEG EXERCISE
A
DEMONSTRATE BRAIN ACTIVITY DURING RELAXED (CLOSED EYES) AND ATTENTIVE (OPEN EYES) STATES
5
Q
AN ________________ IS A RECORDING OF THE BRAIN’S ACTIVITY OBTAINED BY USING ELECTRODES
A
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM
6
Q
BETA WAVES ARE THE PROMINENT EEG WAVE PATTERNS OF AN ADULT WHO IS _______ AND _______
A
ALERT AND ATTENTIVE
7
Q
THETA WAVES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY FREQUENCY RHYTHMS THAT VARY BETWEEN ___ AND ____ HZ
A
4, 8
8
Q
EXPLAIN WHAT IS MEASURED IN AN EEG OBTAINED BY THE “BIPOLAR METHOD”
A
The difference in electrical potential between the two areas of the brain above which the pair of electrodes is placed
9
Q
DELTA WAVES ARE THE PROMINENT EEG WAVE PATTERNS OF AN ADULT WHO IS ______
A
sleeping
10
Q
THE DIFFERENT BRAIN WAVES RECORDED IN AN EEG ARE IDENTIFIED BY THEIR ____________ AND _________
A
FREQUENCY; AMPLITUDE (hz / μV)
11
Q
ALPHA WAVES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY FREQUENCY RHYTHMS THAT VARY BETWEEN ___ AND ____ HZ
A
8, 13
12
Q
WHAT CHANGES WOULD YOU DETECT IN AN EEG IF ONE OF THE ELECTRODES WAS PLACED ABOVE AN AREA WITH A BRAIN TUMOR?
A
INCREASED SLOWING ACTIVITY (DELTA & THETA) AND DECREASED FAST ACTIVITY (ALPHA AND BETA).
13
Q
THETA WAVES ARE THE PROMINENT EEG WAVE PATTERNS OF AN ADULT DURING _______
A
SLEEPING
14
Q
IN EEG BRAIN WAVES, THE UNIT OF FREQUENCY IS __________ WHICH REPRESENTS __________
A
HERTZ (hz); CYCLES / SEC
15
Q
BETA WAVES DETECTED IN AN EEG ARE CHARACTERIZED BY FREQUENCY RHYTHMS THAT VARY BETWEEN ___ AND ____ HZ
A
13; 30 (hz)
16
Q
________________ IS AN EEG IN WHICH BRAIN SIGNALS ARE COLLECTED FROM THE SCALP AND ARE AMPLIFIED AND FED INTO A COMPUTER.
A
DIGITAL EEG
17
Q
A _________________ IS TAKEN AS CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF DEATH
A
FLAT EEG / NO EEG signal
18
Q
NAME ONE DIAGNOSTIC USE OF THE EEG
A
LOCALIZE BRAIN TUMORS
19
Q
____________ ARE RAPID, PREDICTABLE, INVOLUNTARY MOTOR RESPONSES TO STIMULI
A
REFLEXES
20
Q
Name one superficial cord reflex
A
PLANTAR REFLEX
21
Q
IS THE ABNORMAL (WHEN SEEN IN ADULTS) FLARING OF TOES
AND MOVEMENT OF THE BIG TOE IN AN UPWARD DIRECTION DURING PLANTAR
REFLEX TESTING
A
BABINSKI SIGN
22
Q
________IS A CONSENSUAL RESPONSE / REFLEX OBSERVED ON ONE SIDE
OF BODY WHEN OTHER SIDE HAS BEEN STIMULATED
A
contralateral response
23
Q
DEFINE: CONTRALATERAL RESPONSE
A
reflex observed on on side of the body when other side has been stimulated
24
Q
NAME ONE CONTRALATERAL RESPONSE REFLEX SEEN IN LAB
A
cross extension
25
What is the normal reaction during the cross extensor reflex?
Ipsilateral contraction of agonis
26
NAME THE REFLEX WHICH OCCURS IF YOU SUDDENLY PRICK A SUBJECT’S
FINGER
crossed extensor reflex
27
NAME ONE IPSILATERAL RESPONSE REFLEX SEEN IN LAB
patellar reflex
28
DEFINE: IPSILATERAL RESPONSE
a response recurring on the same side of the body as was stimulated
29
NAME ONE STIMULUS WHICH RESULTS IN SUPERFICIAL CORD REFLEXES
pain and temperature changes
30
WHAT IS THE NORMAL REACTION DURING THE PATELLAR/ KNEE-JERK REFLEX
knee extension
31
NAME A SOMATIC REFLEX OBSERVED IN LAB
patellar reflex
32
WHAT IS THE NORMAL REACTION DURING THE PATELLAR/ KNEE-JERK REFLEX
knee extension
33
NAME ONE OF THE REFLEXES THAT WERE TESTED IN LAB USING THE PEN LIGHT
pupillary light reflex
34
WHAT IS THE NORMAL REACTION DURING THE PLANTAR REFLEX TEST IN
ADULTS?
curling of the toe
35
NAME THE REFLEX WHICH OCCURS WHEN YOU SHINE A BRIGHT LIGHT INTO A
SUBJECT’S EYE
pupillary light reflex
36
NAME AN AUTONOMIC REFLEX OBSERVED IN LAB
pupillary light reflex
37
THE INHIBITION OF THE ANTAGONIST OF A STRETCHED MUSCLE DURING A
STRECTH REFLEX ARC TEST IS CALLED ____________
reciprocal inhibition
38
DISTORTED, EXAGGERATED OR ABSENT REFLEX RESPONSES MAY INDICATE
WHAT?
degeneration of the nervous system
39
NAME THE INSTRUMENTS USED TO TEST THE PLANTAR & ACHILLES REFLEXES
flex hammer
40
_____________ ARE RAPID, PREDICTABLE, INVOLUNTARY MOTOR RESPONSES TO
STIMULI
reflexes
41
NAME TWO OF THE REFLEXES THAT WERE TESTED USING THE RUBBER MALLET
patellar , knee-jerk plantar flexion
42
WHAT IS THE NORMAL REACTION DURING THE SALIVARY REFLEX TEST
production of saliva
43
DEFINE: BABINSKI SIGN
the abnormal flaring of the toes and movemnt of big toe in an upward direction during plantar reflex testing
44
______________ ARE AXONAL BRANCHES OF A NEURON
collaterals
45
_____________ IS PERMANENT FLACCID PARALYSIS OF BOTH LEGS DUE TO
TRANSECTION OR SEVERE TRAMA TO THE SPINAL CORD
paraplegia
46
NAME THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATH IN WHICH EACH NERVE CELL FIBER IS
WRAPPED
endoneurium
47
NAME THE COARSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN WHICH GROUPS OF NERVE FIBERS
(FASCICLES) ARE WRAPPED
perineurium
48
THE AXONS OF NERVES ARE WRAPPED IN BUNDLES CALLED
fascicles
49
NAME THE FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE WRAPPING OF GROUPS OF FASCICLES /
NERVES
epineurium
50
NAME BOTH PNS NEUROGLIA / GLIAL CELL
satellite cells / schwann cells
51
NAME THE THREE CNS NEUROGLIA / GLIAL CELL
astrocytes, oligoddendrocytes, microglia
52
______________ PLAY A ROLE IN CAPILLARY- NEURON EXCHANGES, AND
CONTROL THE CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT AROUND NEURONS
astrocytes
53
_______________ (NEUROGLIA) MYELINATE THE CYTOPLASMIC EXTENSIONS OF
NEURONS IN THE CNS
oligodendrocytes
54
_____________ ARE PHAGOCYTIC NEUROGLIA
microglia
55
_____________ (NEUROGLIA) MYELINATE THE CYTOPLASMIC EXTENSIONS OF
NEURONS IN THE PNS
schwann cells
56
_______________ CELLS LINE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID-FILLED CAVITIES
ependymal cells
57
WHICH CNS NEUROGLIAL CELLS ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT?
astrocytes
58
A TYPICAL NEURON IS COMPRISED OF ______________, WHICH CARRY IMPULSES
EITHER TOWARD OR AWAY FROM ITS OTHER MAJOR AREA, THE ______________.
processes / cell body
59
FASCICLES BOUND TOGETHER BY EPINEURIUM, CONTAINING BLOOD VESSELS
AND LYMPHATIC VESSELS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS CALLED A
______________
tract
60
_____________ ARE THE BASIC FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
neurons
61
THE PART OF THE NEURON RESPONSIBLE FOR INTEGRATING INCOMING SIGNALS,
AND HOUSING THE NUCLEUS IS CALLED THE _____________
cell body
62
NEURON CELL BODIES FOUND IN CLUSTERS IN THE CNS ARE CALLED
| ____________ .
nuclei
63
COLLECTIONS OF NEURON CELL BODIES FOUND IN THE PNS ARE CALLED
_____________
ganglia
64
NEURON FIBERS RUNNING THROUGH THE PNS FORM BUNDLES CALLED
| _______________
nerves
65
THE CYTOPLASM OF THE NEURON IS CALLED _____________
neuroplasm
66
____________ ARE THE CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS OF THE NEURON
neurofibrils
67
WHAT TYPE OF ORGANELLES ARE NISSL BODIES
Rough ER
68
DENDRITES ARE _________________, THEY BEAR RECEPTORS FOR
| NEUROTRANSMITTERS RELEASED BY OTHER NEURONS
receptive regions
69
GIVE ANOTHER NAME FOR AXONS
nerve fibers
70
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF AXONS?
generate and conduct nerve impulses
71
THE ELECTRICAL CURRENT PRODUCED TRAVELS ACROSS THE CELL BODY, AND
IF IT IS GREAT ENOUGH, IT ELICITS A REGENERATIVE ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
CALLED AN ____________ OR _______________, THAT TRAVELS DOWN THE AXON
(GIVE EITHER)
impulses
72
THE AXON OF MOTOR NEURONS BEGINS JUST DISTAL TO A SLIGHTLY ENLARGED
CELL BODY STRUCTURE CALLED THE _____________
axon hillock
73
THE POINT AT WHICH THE AXON HILLOCK NARROWS TO AXON DIAMETER IS
REFERRED TO AS THE ________________
initial segment
74
THE AXON ENDS IN MANY SMALL STRUCTURES CALLED _______________, OR
____________, WHICH FORM SYNAPSES OR JUNCTIONS WITH NEUROINS OR
EFFECTOR CELLS (GIVE EITHER)
axon terminals
75
THE AXON ENDS IN MANY SMALL STRUCTURES CALLED AXON TERMINALS, OR
SYNAPTIC KNOBS, WHICH FORM _____________ OR JUNCTIONS WITH NEURONS
OR EFFECTOR CELLS
synapse
76
EACH AXON TERMINAL IS SEPERATED FROM THE CELL BODY OR DENDRITES OF
THE NEXT POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON BY A TINY GAP CALLED THE ______________
synaptic cleft
77
WHAT DO SYNAPTIC VESICLES CONTAIN?
neurotransmitter
78
NEUROTRANSMITTER DIFFUSES ACROSS THE SYNAPTIC CLEFT TO BIND TO
MEMBRANE RECEPTORS ON THE NEXT NEURON, INITIATING AN ELECTRICAL
CURRENT OR _______________
synaptic potential
79
MOST LONG NERVE FIBERS ARE COVERED WITH A FATTY MATERIAL CALLED
____________, AND SUCH FIBERS ARE REFERRED TO AS MYELINATED FIBERS
myelin
80
MOST LONG NERVE FIBERS ARE COVERED WITH A FATTY MATERIAL CALLED
MYELIN, AND SUCH FIBERS ARE REFERRED TO AS _______________
myelinated fibers
81
THE GAPS OR INDENTATIONS OF THE MYELIN SHEATH ARE CALLED
| _____________
nodes of ranvier
82
IN __________, ONE VERY SHORT PROCESS EXTENDS FROM THE CELL BODY AND
THEN DIVIDES
unipolar neurons
83
IN UNIPOLAR NEURONS ONE VERY SHORT PROCESS, WHICH DIVIDES INTO
______________ AND _____________, EXTENDS FROM THE CELL BODY (GIVE
EITHER)
central processes
84
__________ NEURONS HAVE TWO PROCESSES ATTACHED TO THE CELL BODY
bipolar
85
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHERE A BIPOLAR NEURON MAY BE FOUND
ear
86
MANY PROCESSES ISSUE FROM THE CELL BODY OF ______________
multipolar neurons
87
NEURONS CARRYING IMPULSES FROM SENSORY RECEPTORS IN THE INTERNAL
ORGANS, SKIN, SKELETAL MUSCLES, JOINTS OR SPECIAL SENSORY ORGANS ARE
TERMED ______________
sensory neurons
88
NEURONS CARRYING IMPULSES FORM THE CNS TO THE VISCERA AND/ OR BODY
MUSCLES AND GLANDS ARE TERMED ______________
motor neurons
89
___________________ ARE SITUATED BETWEEN AND CONTRIBUTE TO PATHWAYS
THAT CONNECT SENSORY AND MOTOR NEURONS, THEIR CELL BODIES ARE
FOUND IN THE CNS, AND THEY ARE MULTIPOLAR
interneurons
90
NERVES THAT CARRY SENSORY FIBERS ARE CALLED _______________
sensory nerves
91
NERVES THAT CARRY BOTH SENSORY AND MOTOR FIBERS ARE CALLED
| _______________
mixed nerves
92
THE VENTRAL ROOTS OF THE SPINAL CORD, WHICH CARRY ONLY MOTOR FIBERS
CAN BE CONSIDERED ________________
motor nerve
93
FASCICLES BOUND TOGETHER BY EPINEURIUM, CONTAINING BLOOD VESSELS
AND LYMPHATIC VESSELS IN THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IS CALLED A
______________
nerve
94
___________ IS AN INFLAMMATION OF THE MENINGES
meningitis
95
WHAT LIFE-THREATENING DISORDER OF THE BRAIN MAY OCCUR AS A RESULT OF MENINGITIS SPREADING TO THE BRAIN?
encephalitis
96
GIVE THE SPECIFIC AREA THAT MOTOR NEURON CELL BODIES ARE FOUND
nuclei
97
______________ , ALSO KNOWN AS WATER ON THE BRAIN, OCCURS BECAUSE OF
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RETENTION IN INFANTS
hydrocephalus
98
THE ________________ PRIMARILY INTERPRETS INCOMING SENSORY
INFORMATION AND ISSUES INSTRUCTIONS BASED ON THAT INFORMATION AND
ON PAST EXPERIENCE
CNS
99
THE _____________________ SERVES AS COMMUNICATIONS LINES THAT CARRY
IMPULSES FORM THE SENSORY RECPTORS TO THE CNS AND FROM THE CNS TO
THE APPROPRIATE GLANDS, MUSCLES, OR OTHER EFFECTOR ORGANS
PNS
100
NAME THE TWO MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS OF THE PNS
sensory and motor
101
THE ______________, A SUBDIVISION OF THE PNS, CONSISTS OF NERVE FIBERS
THAT CONDUCT IMPULSES TOWARDS THE CNS
sensory
102
THE ______________, A SUBDIVISION OF THE PNS, CONSISTS OF NERVE FIBERS
THAT CONDUCT IMPULSES AWAY THE CNSsensory
motor
103
NAME THE TWO DIVISIONS OF THE MOTOR BRANCH OF THE PNS
voluntary and involuntary
104
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (ANS) IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE
involuntary
105
DURING EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF ALL VERTEBRATES, THE CNS FIRST
MAKES ITS APPEARANCE AS A SIMPLE TUBE-LIKE STRUCTURE, THE
neural tube
106
NAME TWO OF THE THREE MAJOR DEVELOPMENTAL REGIONS OF THE BRAIN
proencephalon, mesencephalon,
107
THE CENTRAL CANAL OF THE NEURAL TUBE, WHICH REMAINS CONTINOUS
THROUGHOUT THE BRAIN AND CORD, ENLARGES IN FOUR REGIONS OF THE
BRAIN, FORMING CHAMBERS CALLED
ventricles
108
THE ___________ IS A TINY ORIFICE CONNECTING THE THIRD VENTRICLE WITH
THE LATERAL VENTRICLE ON THE SAME SIDE
interventicular foramina
109
NAME THE THREE MAJOR INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF THE DIENCEPHALON
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
110
THE CAUDATE NUCLEUS AND THE PUTAMEN ARE REFERRED TO COLLECTIVELY
AS THE ______________ OR STRIPED BODY
corpus striated
111
THE CORONA RADIATA IS A SPRAY OF PROJECTION FIBERS COURSING DOWN
FROM THE PRECENTRAL/ MOTOR GYRUS, COMBINES WITH SENSORY FIBERS
TRAVELING TO THE SENSORY CORTEX TO FORM A BROAD BAND OF FIBROUS
MATERIAL CALLED THE
internal capsule
112
THE ______________ IS A SPRAY OF PROJECTION FIBERS COURSING DOWN FROM
THE PRECENTRAL/ MOTOR GYRUS
corona radiata
113
THE AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS/ BODY IS PART OF WHAT SYSTEM?
limbic system
114
NAME TWO OF THE THREE NUCLEI WHICH COMPOSE THE BASAL NUCLEI/ BASAL
GANGLIA
putamen and globus nuclei
115
THE MOST IMPORTANT BASAL GANGLIA/ NUCLEI ARE THE ___________ ,
_________________AND THE _____________ (GIVE ANY TWO OF THREE)
caudate and lentiform nucleus
116
THE BASAL GANGLIA ARE PART OF WHAT SYSTEM?
extrapyramidal system
117
THE ____________ ARE IMPORTANT SUBCORTICAL MOTOR NUCLEI THAT ARE
INVOLVED IN REGULATING VOLUNTARY MOTOR ACTIVITIE
basal ganglia
118
THE FIBER TRACTS FOUND IN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE WHITE MATTER ARE
CALLED ________________ IF THEY RUN FROM ONE HEMISPHERE TO ANOTHER
association tracts
119
______________ IS A CROSSOVER POINT FOR THE MAJOR MOTOR TRACTS/
PYRAMIDAL TRACTS DESCENDING FROM THE MOTOR AREAS OF THE CEREBRUM
decussation of pyramids
120
WHAT IS THE LOWEST/ MOST INFERIOR BRAIN STEM STRUCTURE?
medulla oblongata
121
THE ______________ ARE FIBER TRACTS THAT CONNECT THE PONS TO THE
CEREBRUM
cerebral peduncles
122
NAME TWO OF THE THREE MAJOR REGIONS OF THE BRAIN STEM
midbrain, pons
123
______________ ARE THE SYNAPSE POINTS OF CRANIAL NERVE I
olefactory bulb
124
THE _______________ IS SOMETIMES CONSIDERED THE MOST SUPERIOR PART OF
THE BRAIN STEM
diencephalon
125
THE DEEPER __________________, OF THE CEREBRUM, IS COMPOSED OF FIBER
TRACTS CARRYING IMPULSES TO OR FROM THE CORTEX
cerebral white matter
126
THE CELL BODIES OF THE CEREBRAL NEURONS INVOLVED IN HIGHER BRAIN
FUNCTIONS (LANGUAGE, ABSTRACT THOUGHT….) ARE FOUND IN THE
OUTERMOST GRAY MATTER OF THE CEREBRUM, THE __________________
cerebral cortex
127
IMPULSES FROM THE OLFACTORY SENSE ORGANS ARE INTERPRETED IN AN
AREA DEEP WITHIN THE TEMPORAL LOBE ALONG IT'S MEDIAL SURFACE CALLED
THE _____________
uncus
128
THE _________________ , OF THE BRAIN, ALLOWS YOU TO BECOME AWARE OF
PAIN, COLDNESS, A LIGHT TOUCH, AND THE LIKE
somatosensory association area
129
A FIFTH LOBE OF EACH CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, THE ____________, IS BURIED
DEEP WITHIN THE LATERAL SULCUS, AND IS COVERED BY PORTIONS OF THE
TEMPORAL, PARIETAL, AND FRONTAL LOBES
insula
130
THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE BRAIN IS THROWN INTO ELEVATED RIDGES OF
TISSUE CALLED GYRI THAT ARE SEPARATED BY SHALLOW GROOVES CALLED
SULCI OR DEEPER GROOVES CALLED______________
fissure
131
THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE BRAIN IS THROWN INTO ELEVATED RIDGES OF
TISSUE CALLED GYRI THAT ARE SEPERATED BY SHALLOW GROOVES CALLED
__________ OR DEEPER GROOVES CALLED FISSURES
sulcus
132
THE ENTIRE SURFACE OF THE BRAIN IS THROWN INTO ELEVATED RIDGES OF
TISSUE CALLED_____________ THAT ARE SEPERATED BY SHALLOW GROOVES
CALLED SULCI OR DEEPER GROOVES CALLED FISSURES
gyri
133
_______________ ARE THE MOST SUPERIOR PORTIONS OF THE BRAIN
cerebral hemisphere
134
In the central nervous system, a collection of neuron cell bodies is called a
Nucleus
135
THE FIBER TRACTS FOUND IN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE WHITE MATTER ARE
CALLED _____________ IF THEY CONNECT TWO PORTIONS OF THE SAME
HEMISPHERE
association tract
136
THE FIBER TRACTS FOUND IN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE WHITE MATTER ARE
CALLED ________________ IF THEY RUN BETWEEN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX AND
LOWER BRAIN STRUCTURES OR SPINAL CORD
projection tract
137
NAME ONE OF THE STRUCTURES FOUND IN THE EPITHALAMUS
choroid plexus
138
THE __________ FORMS THE ROOF OF THE THIRD VENTRICLE AND IS THE MOST
DORSAL PORTION OF THE DIENCEPHALON
epithalamus
139
NAME THE THREE LOBES OF THE CEREBELLUM
anterior lobe
posterior lobe
flocculondular lobe
140
NAME THE THREE MENINGES OF THE BRAIN
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
141
NAME THE TWO LAYERS OF THE DURA MATTER
periosteal layer
| meningeal layer
142
THE _____________, OF THE DURA MATER, IS ATTACHED TO THE INNER SURFACE
OF THE SKULL FORMING THE PERIOSTEUM
periosteal layer
143
THE _____________, OF THE DURA MATER, FORMS THE OUTERMOST BRAIN
COVERING AND IS CONTINUOUS WITH THE DURA MATER OF THE SPINAL CORD
meningeal layer
144
WHICH EXTENSION OF THE DURA MATER DIPS INTO THE LONGITUDINAL FISSURE
TO ATTACH TO THE CRISTA GALI OF THE ETHMOID BONE OF THE SKULL
falx cerebri
145
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS?
collect blood draining from tissue
146
THE _____________, WHICH FUNCTIONS IN SEPARATING THE TWO CEREBELLAR
HEMISPHERES, AND THE TENTORIUM CEREBELLI, WHICH FUNCTIONS IN
SEPARATING THE CEREBRUM FROM THE CEREBELLUM, ARE TWO IMPORTANT
INWARD FOLDS OF THE INNER DURAL MEMBRANE
falx cerbelli
147
THE FALX CEREBELLI, WHICH FUNCTIONS IN SEPARATING THE TWO
CEREBELLAR HEMISPHERES, AND THE ____________, WHICH FUNCTIONS IN
SEPARATING THE CEREBRUM FROM THE CEREBELLUM, ARE TWO IMPORTANT
INWARD FOLDS OF THE INNER DURAL MEMBRANE
tentorium cerebelli
148
HOW MANY CRANIAL NERVES ARE FOUND IN HUMANS?
12
149
HOW MANY CRANIAL NERVES ARE SOLELY (MOSTLY) SENSORY?
three (1,2,8)
150
HOW MANY CRANIAL NERVES ARE MIXED NERVES?
six (5,7,9,10,11,12)
151
NAME THE THREE SOLEY (MOSTLY) SENSORY CRANIAL NERVES
```
CN 1 (olfactory)
CN 2 (optic)
CN 8 (vestibulocochlear)
```
152
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE OLFACTORY NERVES CRANIAL NERVE I?
carries afferent impulses associated with smell
153
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE OPTIC NERVES CRANIAL NERVE II?
carries afferent impules associated with vision
154
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE OCULMOTOR NERVES CRANIAL NERVE III?
CONTROLS MOVEMENT OF THE EYEBALLS AND EYELID
155
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TROCHLEAR NERVES CRANIAL NERVE IV?
controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye
156
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVES CRANIAL NERVES V?
provides conduct sensory impulses from skin of the face
157
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE ABDUCENS NERVE CRANIAL NERVES VI?
abducts eyeball
158
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE FACIAL NERVES CRANIAL NERVES VII?
conduct impulses related to facial expressions
159
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVES CRANIAL NERVE
VIII?
sense of equilibrium
160
GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF THE GLOSSOPHARYNGAEL NERVES CRANIAL NERVE IX?
receive sensory fibers from the pharynx
161
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE VAGUS NERVES CRANIAL NERVE X?
transmit impulses from visceral
162
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ACCESSORY NERVES CRANIAL NERVE XI?
PROVIDES SOMATIC MOTOR FIBERS TO STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
163
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVES CRANIAL NERVE XII?
CARRIES SOMATIC MOTOR FIBERS TO MUSCLE OF TONGUE
164
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE DENTICULATE LIGAMENTS OF THE PIA MATER
(IN TERMS OF THE SPINAL CORD
secures the spinal cord to the bony wall of the vertebral column
165
SEVERING OF THE SCIATIC NERVE LEADS TO WHAT DISORDER?
foot drop which leg cannot be flexed
166
IN WHAT PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS or PNS) ARE SENSORY NERVE
CELL BODIES FOUND?
PNS
167
IN WHAT PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS or PNS) ARE MOTOR NERVE CELL
BODIES FOUND?
CNS
168
_____________ IS AN INFECTION OF NEURAL TISSUE OF THE BRAIN
ENCEPHALITIS
169
___________________ IS PERMANENT FLACCID PARALYSIS OF ALL FOUR LIMBS
DUE TO TRANSECTION OR SEVERE TRAMA TO THE SPINAL CORD
quadraplegia
170
NAME THE ORGANS THAT COMPRISE THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
brain and spinal cord
171
NAME ALL THE ORGANS / STRUCTURES THAT COMPRISE THE PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia and sensory receptors
172
WHICH DIVISION OF THE MOTOR BRANCH OF THE PNS IS ALSO CALLED THE
VOLUNTARY SYSTEM?
somatic division
173
WHICH DIVISION OF THE MOTOR BRANCH OF THE PNS IS ALSO CALLED THE
INVOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM?
autonomic nervous system
174
NAME ONE OF THE 2 BRANCHES OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
sympathetic branch
| parasympathetic branch
175
NAME THE MAJOR MOTOR BRANCH / PERIPHERAL NERVE ARISING FROM THE
CERVICAL PLEXUS
phrenic nerve
176
NAME TWO OF THE 5 MAJOR PERIPHERAL NERVES ARISING FROM THE BRACHIAL
PLEXUS
ulnar nerve
| median nerve
177
NAME THE LARGEST PERIPHERAL NERVE ARISING FROM THE LUMBAR PLEXUS
femoral nerve
178
NAME THE MAJOR / LARGEST PERIPHERAL NERVE ARISING FROM THE SACRAL
PLEXUS
sciatic nerve
179
WHAT IS THE LARGEST NERVE IN THE BODY?
sciatic nerve
180
_______________ IS A STABBING PAIN RADIATING DOWN THE LENGTH / COURSE
OF THE SCIATIC NERVE, CAUSED BY INJURY TO THE PROXIMAL PART OF THE
SCIATIC NERVE
sciatica
181
GIVE THE SPECIFIC AREA THAT SENSORY NEURON CELL BODIES ARE FOUND
dorsal root ganglia
182
A LESS EFFICIENT SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, ESPECIALLY IN TERMS OF
VASOCONSTRICTION OF BLOOD VESSELS, LEADS TO A POOLING OF BLOOD IN
THE ELDERLY (LOW BLOOD PRESSURE DUE TO CHANGES IN BODY POSITION)
CALLED
orthostatic hypotension
183
NAME THE MOST DISTAL PORTION / TERMINUS OF THE SPINAL CORD
cornus medullaris
184
THE MOST DISTAL PORTION / TERMINUS OF THE PIA MATER OF THE SPINAL CORD
IS CALLED THE ___________
filum terminale
185
____________ IS CAUDAL ANESTHESIA FOR CHILDBIRTH
saddle block
186
WHAT IS THE CAUDA EQUINA COMPRISED OF?
lumbar spinal cord
187
______________ IS THE REMOVAL OF CSF FOR THE PURPOSE OF ANALYSIS
spinal tap
188
THE _______________ IS AN ASSOCIATION AND COMMUNICATION CENTER.
spinal cord
189
BELOW WHICH VERTEBRAE IS A LUMBAR / SPINAL TAP PERFORMED? WHY?
below L3 because only fluid filled meninges are present and not the delicate spinal cord
190
BETWEEN WHICH VERTEBRAE IS SADDLE BLOCK PERFORMED? WHY?
between L3-L5 because only fluid filled meninges are present and not the delicate spinal cord
191
NAME THE TWO ENLARGEMENTS OF THE SPINAL CORD THAT SERVE THE UPPER
AND LOWER LIMBS
cervical enlargement
| lumbar enlargement
192
WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL TERM FOR THE "HORSE'S TAIL" OF INFERIOR SPINAL
NERVES
cauda equina
193
THE CENTRAL AREA OF THE GRAY MATTER CONNECTING THE TWO VERTICAL
REGIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD IS THE _______________
gray commissure
194
WHAT FLUID DOES THE CENTRAL CANAL HOLD?
cerebrospinal fluid
195
THE ___________ MAINLY CONTAIN CELL BODIES OF MOTOR NEURONS OF THE
SOMATIC / VOLUNTARY NERVOUS SYSTEM
ventral horns
196
THE ___________ MAINLY CONTAIN CELL BODIES OF MOTOR NEURONS OF THE
AUTONOMIC (SYMPATHETIC DIVISION) NERVOUS SYSTEM
lateral horns
197
THE ___________ CONTAIN INTERNEURONS AND SENSORY FIBERS THAT ENTER
THE CORD FROM THE BODY PERIPHERY DORSAL ROOT
dorsal horns
198
THE DORSAL HORNS CONTAIN INTERNEURONS AND SENSORY FIBERS THAT
ENTER THE CORD FROM THE BODY PERIPHERY VIA THE _____________
Dorsal root
199
THE CELL BODIES OF THE SENSORY NEURONS ARE FOUND IN AN ENLARGED
AREA OF THE DORSAL ROOT CALLED THE _______________
dorsal root ganglion
200
AXONS OF MOTOR NEURONS OF THE SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC (SYMPATHETIC
DIVISION) NERVOUS SYSTEM SEND FIBERS VIA THE _____________ TO ENTER
ADJACENT SPINAL NERVES
ventral root
201
THE _____________ ARE FORMED FROM THE FUSION OF OF THE DORSAL AND
VENTRAL ROOTS
spinal nerve
202
THE _________________ OF THE SPINAL CORD IS COMPOSED OF MYELINATED
FIBERS, SOME RUNNING TO HIGHER CENTERS, SOME TRAVELING FROM THE
BRAIN TO THE CORD, AND SOME CONDUCTING IMPULSES FROM ONE SIDE OF
THE CORD TO THE OTHER
white matter
203
NAME THE ANTERIOR FISSURE THAT NEARLY BISECTS THE SPINAL CORD WHITE
MATTER
anterior median fissure
204
NAME THE POSTERIOR GROOVE THAT NEARLY BISECTS THE SPINAL CORD
WHITE MATTER
posterior median sulcus
205
NAME ONE OF THE PRIMARY REGIONS OF WHITE COLUMNS
anterior funiculus
206
EACH FUNICULUS OF THE SPINAL CORD, CONTAINS A NUMBER OF FIBER
_______________ COMPOSED OF AXONS WITH THE SAME ORIGIN, TERMINUS, AND
FUNCTION
tract
207
TRACTS CONDUCTING SENSORY IMPULSES TO THE BRAIN ARE CALLED
| ________________
sensory tracts
208
TRACTS CONDUCTING IMPULSES FROM THE BRAIN TO THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
ARE CALLED _____________
motor tracts
209
THE _________ SERVE THE SKIN AND MUSCULATURE OF THE POSTERIOR TRUNK
AT THEIR APPPROXIMATE LEVEL OF EMERGENCE FROM THE SPINAL CORD
dorsal rami
210
THE ______________ OF SPINAL NERVES C1-C8 AND T1, T12 AND L1-L4, AND S1-4
FORM COMPLEX NTEWORKS OF NERVES CALLED PLEXUSES
ventral rami
211
HOW LONG ARE SPINAL NERVES?
1-2 cm
212
THE VENTRAL RAMI OF THE SPINAL NERVES T2 THROUGH T12 PASS ANTERIORLY
AS THE ________________ TO SUPPLY THE MUSCLES OF THE INTERCOSTAL
SPACES, AND THE SKIN AND MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR AND LATERAL TRUNK
intercostal nerves
213
THE VENTRAL RAMI OF SPINAL NERVES C1-C8 AND T1, T12 AND L1-L4, AND S1-4
7 of 9
SPINAL CORD
, ,
FORM COMPLEX NTEWORKS OF NERVES CALLED ______________ .
plexus
214
WHAT DO THE NERVE PLEXUSES SERVE?
muscles and skin of limbs
215
VENTRAL AND DORSAL ROOTS BECOME SPINAL NERVES, SOME OF THESE UNITE
AS PLEXUSES, THAT GIVE RISE TO _______________
peripheral nerves
216
NAME ONE OF THE FOUR MAJOR NERVE PLEXUSES
cervical plexus
217
THE CERVICAL PLEXUS ARISES FROM THE VENTRAL RAMI OF WHICH SPINAL
NERVES?
C1-C5
218
WHAT MUSCLES AND / OR SKIN DOES THE CERVICAL PLEXUS SERVE?
neck
219
THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS IS REARRANGED CONSECUTIVELY INTO _____________ ,
DIVISIONS, AND CORDS, BEFORE SUBDIVIDING INTO FIVE MAJOR PERIPHERAL
NERVES
trunks
220
THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS IS REARRANGED CONSECUTIVELY INTO TRUNKS,
____________, AND CORDS, BEFORE SUBDIVIDING INTO FIVE MAJOR PERIPHERAL
NERVES
divisions
221
THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS IS REARRANGED CONSECUTIVELY INTO TRUNKS,
DIVISIONS, AND _____________, BEFORE SUBDIVIDING INTO FIVE MAJOR
PERIPHERAL NERVES
cords
222
THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS IS REARRANGED CONSECUTIVELY INTO TRUNKS ,
DIVISIONS, AND CORDS, BEFORE SUBDIVIDING INTO FIVE MAJOR ______________
peripheral nerves
223
WHAT MUSCLE DOES THE PHRENIC NERVE SERVE?
diaphragm
224
THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS ARISES FROM THE VENTRAL RAMI OF WHICH SPINAL
NERVES?
C5-T1
225
WHAT MUSCLES AND / OR SKIN DOES THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS SERVE?
forearm
226
NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
AXILLARY NERVE?
shoulder
227
NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
RADIAL NERVE
extensor muscles of forearm
228
NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
MEDIAN NERVE?
flexor muscles of forearm
229
NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE?
flexor muscles of forearm
230
NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
ULNAR NERVE?
flexor carpi ulnaris
231
TRAUMA TO THE ULNAR NERVE, WHICH OFTEN OCCURS WHEN THE ELBOW IS
HIT, PRODUCES A SMARTING SENSATION REFERRED TO AS " HITTING THE
_____________"
funny bone
232
WHAT WILL SEVERE INJURY TO THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS CAUSE?
paralysis of entire upper limb
233
THE ________________, WHICH SERVES THE PELVIC REGION OF THE TRUNK AND
THE LOWER LIMBS, IS A COMPLEX OF TWO PLEXUSES
lumbosacral plexus
234
THE LUMBAR PLEXUS ARISES FROM THE VENTRAL RAMI OF WHICH SPINAL
NERVES?
L1-L4 spinal nerves
235
WHAT MUSCLES AND / OR SKIN DOES THE LUMBAR PLEXUS SERVE?
anterior thigh
236
NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
FEMORAL NERVE?
anterior muscles of the thigh
237
THE SACRAL PLEXUS ARISES FROM THE VENTRAL RAMI OF WHICH SPINAL
NERVES?
L4-L5
238
NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES/ AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
SCIATIC NERVE?
posterior muscles of the thigh
239
WHAT MUSCLES AND / OR SKIN DOES THE SACRAL PLEXUS SERVE?
buttocks
240
NAME ONE OF THE TYPES OF MUSCLES / AND OR SKIN THAT IS SERVED BY THE
COMMON FIBULAR AND THE TIBIAL NERVES?
leg muscles
241
THE ______________ SYSTEM REGULATES BODY ACTIVITIES THAT ARE
| GENERALLY NOT UNDER CONSCIOUS CONTROL
autonomic nervous system
242
THE ______________ SYSTEM INNERVATES THE SKELETAL MUSCLES
somatic nervous system
243
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONSISTS OF CHAINS OF TWO MOTOR
NEURONS, THE FIRST NEURON OF EACH PAIR IS CALLED THE
____________________
preganglionic neuron
244
WHERE DOES THE PREGANGLIONIC NEURON RESIDE?
brainstem
245
THE AXON OF THE PREGANGLIONIC NEURON LEAVES THE CNS TO SYNAPSE
WITH THE SECOND MOTOR NEURON OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM,
THE __________________
post-ganglionic neuron
246
THE AXON OF THE PREGANGLIONIC NEURON LEAVES THE CNS TO SYNAPSE
WITH THE SECOND MOTOR NEURON OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM,
THE __________________
ganglion outside the CNS
247
GIVE ONE AREA THAT THE PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS OF THE
| PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RESIDE
s2-s4
248
THE AXON OF THE _____________ OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM,
EXTENDS TO THE ORGAN IT SERVES
postganglion neuron
249
WHAT IS ANOTHER DESCRIPTIVE NAME FOR THE PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION
OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM?
craniosacral
250
WHERE ARE THE GANGLIONIC NEURONS OF THE CRANIAL REGION
| PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM FOUND
terminal
251
WHERE ARE THE GANGLIONIC NEURONS OF THE SACRAL REGION
| PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM FOUND
on or close to organ served
252
IN THE SACRAL REGION, THE PREGANGLIONIC AXONS LEAVE THE VENTRAL
ROOT OF THE SPINAL CORD AND COLLECTIVELY FORM THE __________________
pelvic splanchnic nerve
253
GIVE ONE AREA THAT THE PREGANGLIONIC NEURONS OF THE SYMPATHETIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM RESIDE
lateral horns of gray matter in T1-L2
254
WHAT IS ANOTHER DESCRIPTIVE NAME FOR THE SYMPATHETIC DIVISION OF
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM?
thoracolumbar
255
PREGANGLIONIC NEURON AXONS LEAVE THE SPINAL CORD VIA THE VENTRAL
ROOT, ENTER THE SPINAL NERVE THEN PASS THROUGH A SMALL BRANCH
CALLED THE _____________________ TO ENTER THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK
GANGLION
white ramus communicans
256
WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE SYMPATHETIC TRUNK GANGLION?
paravertebral ganglia
257
PREGANGLIONIC NEURON AXONS LEAVE THE SPINAL CORD VIA THE VENTRAL
ROOT, ENTER THE SPINAL NERVE THEN PASS THROUGH A SMALL BRANCH
CALLED THE WHITE RAMUS COMMUNICANS TO ENTER THE _________________
sympathetic trunk ganglion
258
AFTER EXITING THE WHITE RAMUS COMMUNUICANS THE PREGANGLIONIC AXON
HAS TWO COURSES THAT IT MAY TAKE, BOTH OF WHICH WILL THEN SEND THE
AXON THROUGH THE ________________________
gray ramus communicans
259
A THIRD COURSE FOR THE PREGANGLIONIC AXON DOES NOT TAKE IT THROUGH
THE GRAY RAMUS COMMUNICANS, IT MAY PASS THROUGH THE GANGLION
WITHOUT SYNAPSING AND FORM PART OF THE ______________
splanchnic nerve
260
SPLANCHNIC NERVES, TRAVEL TO THE VISCERA TO SYNAPSE WITH A
GANGLIONIC NEURON IN A _____________ OR ______________ GANGLION (GIVE
EITHER)
collateral
261
NAME ONE OF THE MAJOR COLLATERAL GANGLIA
celiac ganglia
262
WHAT DO THE MAJOR COLLATERAL GANGLIA SERVE?
abdominal and pelvic visceral organs
263
WHAT STRUCTURES ARE ONLY SERVED BY THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS
| SYSTEM AND NOT THE PARASYMPATHETIC?
sweat glands
264
THE POSTGANGLIONIC FIBERS/ AXONS OF THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS
SYSTEM ARE CALLED
cholinergic fiber
265
WHAT NEUROTRANSMITTER DO THE POSTGANGLIONIC AXONS OF THE
| SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM RELEASE?
norepinephrine
266
WHICH DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS REFERRED TO AS
HOUSEKEEPING OR RESTING AND DIGESTING
parasympathetic
267
WHICH DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IS REFERRED TO AS
HAVING THE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE
sympathetic
