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pathology 1 > Quiz Questions Exam 1 > Flashcards

Quiz Questions Exam 1 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

A cell that has undergone physiologic stress may adapt via which 2 mechanisms?

A

1) metaplasia

2) hypertrophy

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2
Q

Which is the term indicating an increase in the number of cells has resulted from the proliferation of differentiated cells?

A

hyperplasia

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3
Q

What is the term indicating a reversible change has occurred from one adult cell type by another adult cell type?

A

Metaplasia

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4
Q

Decreased cellular protein synthesis combined with increased protein degradation is the hallmark feature of which one of the following?

A

atrophy

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5
Q

which morphological category of necrosis requires histological examination to determine (1)?

A

fat necrosis

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6
Q

The presence of lipid vacuoles within the cytoplasm of a cell (fatty changes) are most likely to occur following which type of injury (1)?

A

crush injury
hypoxia
page8

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7
Q

which one of the following describes destructive fragmentation of the nucleus within a dying cell?

A

karyorrhexis

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8
Q

mitochondria are resistant to the deleterious effects of hypoxia: t/f?

A

False

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9
Q

Apoptosis may be stimulated by both irradiation and accumulation of improperly folded proteins: t/f?

A

true

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10
Q

phospholipases are enzymes within a cells that are most likely to be activated via which one?

A

influx of calcium

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11
Q

cellular response to an injurious stimuli depends on which 3 of the following?

A

1) Duration of injury
2) type of injury
3) severity of injury

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12
Q

reactive oxygen species are produced in all cells during their normal cellular metabolism, T/F?

A

true

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13
Q

The restoration of blood flow to an area of ischemia commonly causes damage to which 2 types of tissues?

A

1) cerebral neurons

2) myocardium of the heart

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14
Q

Caspase-8 are most likely to cleave and activate pro-aptoptotic molecules in which pathway?

A

the death receptor pathway

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15
Q

damage caused by free radicals is determined by their _______ and efficieicy of removal

A

rate of production

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16
Q

name 2 reactive oxygen species

A

1) superoxide

2) hydrogen peroxide

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17
Q

ischemia destroys tissues faster and more severely than does hypoxia T/F?

A

true

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18
Q

breakdown of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle is an example of physiologic apoptosis T/F?

A

true

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19
Q

calorie restriction inhibits the effects of aging t/f?

A

true

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20
Q

which of the following is a short repeated sequence of DNA at the ends of chromosomes that protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes?

A

telomere

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21
Q

deposition of calcium into an injured tissue is called

A

dystrophic calcification

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22
Q

disorders causing destruction of bone (osteolysis) will cause _____

A

metastatic calcification

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23
Q

which morphological pattern of inflammation is associated with acne vulagris

A

purulent

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24
Q

which morphological pattern of inflammation is demonstrated by histological examination

A

inflammazome

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25
the resolution stage of an inflammatory reaction involves enzymatic degradation of the various chemical mediators of the reaction: true/false?
true
26
increased vascular permeability results in exudate of protein-rich extravascular fluid: true/false?
true
27
focal collections of pus are called
abscesses
28
the most common exogenous pigment is _____
silica
29
the kinin system leads to the formation of _____, which increases vascular permeability
bradykinin
30
activation of _____ induces the activation the coagulation cascade and the complement system
hageman factor (factor XXLVII)
31
activation of which system generates a porelike membrane attack complex (MAC)
complement system
32
TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 are all considered to be _______
cytokines
33
leukocites is a common feature of inflammatory reactions, especially those induced by a ______ infection
bacterial
34
pathogens stimulate ____ synthesis which stimulate the production of neurotransmitters that reset the temperature set point
prostaglandin
35
which 2 of the following are involved in septic shock following a septic bacterial infection?
1) hypotensive shock | 2) acidosis
36
once the inflammatory reaction has resolved, the body initiates the process of healing. t/f
true
37
cells that are capable of proliferating in response to injury or loss of tissue mass are components of what?
labile tissue
38
non-dividing cells are either in the ____ or _____ phases of the cell cycle
G0 or G1
39
an example of a labile cell would be a ______?
hematopoietic cell
40
what are two things that are commonly involved in response to an increase in growth factors?
promotion of entry into the cell cycle | prevention of apoptosis
41
tissues recoil and return to baseline structure, following deformation is due to what type of tissue?
elastin
42
which fibrous structural protein of the extracellular matrix provides structural integrity to large vessel walls and ligaments
collagen
43
the liver is a unique organ because it has the ability to regenerat ___% of the tissue following surgical removal?
50
44
does scar formation involves angiogenesis?
true
45
which of the following components of the extra cellular matrix act as a reservoir for growth factors?
proteoglycans (i think)
46
extensive regeneration or compensatory hyperplasia can occur only if the residual connective tissue framework is structurally intact?
false?
47
granulations tissue is vascularized. T/F
true, it is highly vascularized
48
growth factors that stimulate and activate fibroblasts are primarily derived from what?
macrophages
49
as healing continues, localized fibroblasts (increase or decrease) extracellular matrix deposition?
increase
50
extracellular matrix is degraded by matrix metallproteinases which are dependent on what for their activity?
zinc
51
as healing progresses, localized vasculature (increases or decreases)
decreases
52
a surgical incision that was sutured is expected to reach peak neurovascularization in how many days?
5
53
a wound is likely to regain approximately what percent of the original tissue strength in the first 3 months after the injury?
75%
54
the genetic alterations associated with neoplasia are always passed to daughter cells upon cell division. T/F?
true... i think
55
genomic instability and angiogenesis are both hallmarks of cancer development. T/F
true
56
divergent differentiation of neoplastic cells is common. T/F?
false. its common in benign
57
granulations tissue is vascularized. T/F
true, it is highly vascularized
58
growth factors that stimulate and activate fibroblasts are primarily derived from what?
macrophages
59
as healing continues, localized fibroblasts (increase or decrease) extracellular matrix deposition?
increase
60
extracellular matrix is degraded by matrix metallproteinases which are dependent on what for their activity?
zinc
61
as healing progresses, localized vasculature (increases or decreases)
decreases
62
a surgical incision that was sutured is expected to reach peak neurovascularization in how many days?
5
63
a wound is likely to regain approximately what percent of the original tissue strength in the first 3 months after the injury?
75%
64
the genetic alterations associated with neoplasia are always passed to daughter cells upon cell division. T/F?
? true?
65
genomic instability and angiogenesis are both hallmarks of cancer development. T/F
? true?
66
divergent differentiation of neoplastic cells is common. T/F?
false. benign cells have divergent differentiation
67
what has the greatest impact of the biological behavior of a neoplasm?
parenchyma
68
cancer cells are limited to undergoing approximately 60-70 replications prior to cellular senescence (death)
false. they can replicate limitlessly
69
what is a mixed tumor that contains cells or tissues representing more than 1 germ cell layer?
teratoma
70
in general, benign tumors are anaplastic and malignant tumors are well-differentiated t/f?
false benign tumors are well differentiated, malignant are anaplastic
71
which type of cancer is most likely to use the lymphatic system for metastasis?
carcinoma
72
which of the following is a mass of disorganized tissue that is similar in appearance to the tissues at the site of growth?
hamartoma
73
what type of cancer is more likely to use the hematogenous spread?
sarcoma
74
what are the 3 typses of malignant dissemination?
1) seeding 2) lymphatic spread 3) hematogenous spread
75
growth by an increase in cell number, opposite of hypertrophy
hyperplasia

pathology 1 (1 decks)

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