Quiz Review

Question 1

3 Ways Patient Dose is Established?

Answer 1

Entrance skin dose(ESD)/Entrance skin exposure(ESE)

Gonadal Dose

Bone Marrow Dose

Question 2

What is ESE? How do we find it?

Answer 2

• measure with TLD’s
• patient dose
• indicates absorbed dose to most superficial layers
  1. Nomogram
  2. Calculations

Question 3

What are the 2 formulas needed to solve for ESE?

Answer 3

I1/I2=D2^2/D1^2

I1/I2=KVP1^2/KVP2^2

Question 4

What is Gonadal Dose?

Answer 4

• equivalent dose that can bring genetic injury

- assesses impact of gonadal dose on population

Question 5

What is Bone Marrow Dose?

Answer 5

• also called Mean Marrow Dose
• can only be estimated
• substantial exposure can deplete/destroy stem&blood cells

Question 6

Ways to reduce patient dose?

Answer 6

Collimating
Shielding
Equipment
Communication
Quality Control
SID
Appropriate Technique
Filtration
Immobilization

Question 7

What is the best technique for patients?

Answer 7

High KVP and Low mAs

Question 8

4 Types of Shielding?

Answer 8

1. Flat contact/roll away
   - most common, kind we have in the labs
2. Shadow
   - hangs from the tube and shadow covers the area of interest
3. Shape Contact
   - shaped to hold male reproductive organs
4. Clear lead
   - 30% lead, usually used for scoliosis exams

Question 9

What do compensating filters do?

Answer 9

Help even out density throughout the image

Question 10

Radiation Protection Groups

Answer 10

ICRP
NCRP
UNSCEAR
NAS/NRC-BEIR

Question 11

What is the ICRP?

Answer 11

• international authority regarding radiation safety
• evaluates biological effects of radiation
• provides recommendations

Question 12

What is the NCRP?

Answer 12

• US cooperation
• non-government group
• determines how ICRP recommendations are incorporated into US criteria

Question 13

What is the UNSCEAR?

Answer 13

• helps form radiation protection guidelines
• evaluates human and environmental exposures
• derives risk assessments
• takes info from nuclear accidents and conducts follow up studies for cancer/genetic effects

Question 14

What is the NAS/NRC-BEIR?

Answer 14

• reviews studies of biological effects and risk assessments
• studies early radiation groups
• gives info to other groups for evaluation

Question 15

What is the purpose of the ICRP,NCRP,UNSCEAR, and NAS/NRC-BEIR?

Answer 15

-form recommendations for effective dose, equivalent dose limits

Question 16

Rules for Tech protection?

Answer 16

• decrease time in room
• increase distance from tube and patient
• always shield
• never stand in primary beam
• ALARA

Question 17

Dose limits

Answer 17

• dose of radiation that is not expected to produce significant risk
• used to be called MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE

Question 18

Dose limits for techs?

Answer 18

• Put occupational risks on common scale

- can receive more radiation than normal people

Question 19

Factors affecting Radiation Workers?

Answer 19

Radiation Weighting Factor=(Wr)

Tissue Weighting Factor=(Wt)

Question 20

Equivalent Dose (EqD)

Answer 20

• average absorbed dose + Wr

- accounts for different amounts of damage that is produced by various radiation

Question 21

Effective Dose (EfD)

Answer 21

• overall risk of exposing body to radiation
• both Wr+Wt
• annual occupational limit for workers

Question 22

Collective Effective Dose?

Answer 22

• exposure to population or group

- used when population has been exposed by and accident

Question 23

Total Effective Dose Equivalent?

Answer 23

-lifetime effective dose

Age in years + 10mSv=TEDE

Question 24

3 Types of radiation in the room?

Answer 24

1. Primary
2. Scatter
3. Leakage

Question 25

What is the greatest radiation hazard to a tech?

Answer 25

The patient

Question 26

What exams produce the greatest exposure risks for techs?

Answer 26

Fluoro and interventional procedures

Question 27

Owners role?

Answer 27

- responsible for radiation safety of EVERYONE - ensures proper installation of equipment - delegates - ensures qualified people carry out jobs

Question 28

Responsible User role?

Answer 28

- monitors and manages safety programs - oversees equipment&performance reports - image quality program - correct use of equipment - train new staff - investigates high dosimeter reports - promote communication

Question 29

X-ray Equipment Operator role?

Answer 29

- follows procedures - competent in all exams - no unnecessary exposures - understand equipment - knows hazards of radiation - safe work methods - participate in QA/QC programs

Question 30

Medical Physicist/RSO role?

Answer 30

- advises all radiation protection aspects of construction - register new equipment - annual checks - updates staff - report violations

Question 31

Radiation Safety Officer role?

Answer 31

- manage quality program | - conducts responsibilities of medial physicist

Question 32

Referring Physician &Practitioner role?

Answer 32

- orders exams - must use professional judgement - must consider other options

Question 33

Information Systems Specialist role?

Answer 33

-maintenance &QC of IT software and hardware

Question 34

Repair and Maintenance Personnel role?

Answer 34

- repair equipment - ensure work is done correctly - reports violations - regular views of maintenance checks - communicates with staff of safety & testing

Question 35

3 Types of Beam Limitation Devices?

Answer 35

1. Aperture Diaphragms 2. Cones 3. Cylinders

Question 36

2 types of motion?

Answer 36

1. Voluntary | 2. Involuntary