Quiz Review Flashcards by Anthony Micheles

Which of the following is not part of the ventral horn?

Spinal border cells (of cooper Sherrington)
Ciliospinal center of Budge
Spinal accessory nucleus

Ciliospinal center of Budge—-lateral horn

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Sacral parasympathetic nucleus can be found at ___

L1-s4
S2-s4
L2-s3

S2-s4

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Myotatic reflexes are ___

Monosynaptic and ipsilateral
Polysynaptic and ipsilateral
Monosynaptic and contralateral

Monosynaptic and ipsilateral

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Phrenic nucleus extends from ___

C1-c7
C3-c5
L2-s3

C3-c5

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Which structure is associated with light touch, temp, and pain sensation?

Nucleus proprius
Fasciculus cuneatus
Dorsal horn of Clarke

Nucleus proprious

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Above what level dorsal column is divided into two fasciculi?

C6
T1
T6

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Which structure can be found at all cord levels

Intermediolateral column
Fasciculus cuneatus
Fasciculus gracilis

Fasciulus gracilis

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Which of the following is not a sensory tract?

Fasciculus gracilis
Dorsal spinocerebellar
Medial reticulospinal

Medial reticulospinal

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Denticulate ligaments are two flattened bands of pail tissue that attach to the spinal dura with about ___ teeth

12
21
31

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Which of the following is a muscle stretch reflex

Achilles reflex
Plantar reflex
Withdraw reflex

Achilles reflex

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Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius mm are innervated by the fibers originating from ___

C1-c6
C4-c5
T1-t2

C1-c6

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Which structure is located at the most dorsal aspect of the gray matter?

Substantia gelatinosa
Spinal border cells
Marginal nucleus

Marginal nucleus

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Rexed lamina VII contains

Sacral parasympathetic nucleus
Nucleus proprius
Substantia gelatinosa

Sacral parasympathetic nucleus
—nucleus proprius=4&5
—substantia gelatinosa= 2-5

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Dorsal spinocerebellar tract originates from the ___

Cooper-Sherrington border cells
Dorsal nucleus of Clarke
Nucleus proprius

Dorsal nucleus of Clarke—dorsal horn

—cooper Sherrington are ventral spinocerebellar

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Ciliospinal center of Budge can be found at ___ level

C1-c6
C1-T6
T1-t2

T1-t2

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Lesion of which tract would compromise ability to recognize an unseen familiar object in the hand?

Fasciculus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus
Lateral spinothalamic tract

Fasciculus cuneatus
—gracilis= lower extremities
—spinothalamic= pain/temp

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Ventral spinocerebellar tract can be found in the ___ column of the spinal cord.

Lateral
Ventral
Dorsal

Latera

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First-order sensory neurons of which tract form an afferent limb of myotatic reflexes?

Corticospinal
Spinocerebellar
Spinothalamic

Spinocerebellar

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Which tract is involved in the fine coordination of posture and the movement of individual muscle of the lower extremity?

Faciculus gracilis
Dorsal spinocerebellar
Ventral spinocerebellar

Dorsal spinocerebellar

—gracilis=tactile discrimination

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Accessory cuneate nucleus is associated with the ___

Fascicluls cuneatus
Cuneocerebellar tract
Accessory spinal nerve

Fasciculus cuneatus

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All the following tracts decussate inter ventral white commissure, except the ___

Lateral spinothalamic
Ventral spinocerebellar
Dorsal spinocerebellar

Dorsal spinocerebellar—-uncrossed

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Which tract is associate with light touch?

Ventral spinothalamic
Lateral spinothalamic
Cuneocerebellar

Ventral spinothalamic

—lateral=pain/ temp

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Which of the following is not a sensory tract?

Fascicles gracilis
Ventral spinocerebellar
Vestibulospinal

Vestibulospinal

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First order sensory neurons of which tract can be found in the dorsal root ganglia at all levels?

Ventral spinocerebellar
Lateral spinothalamic
Fasicuclus cuneatus

Lateral spinothalamic

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Which dorsal tract reaches the cerebellum via the superior cerebral peduncle? Dorsal spinocerebellar Ventral spinocerebellar Cuneocerebellar

Ventral spinocerebellar | —inferior peduncle

Which tract has cell bodies of 2nd order sensory neurons in the dorsal horns? Cuneocerebellar tract Fasciculus gracilis Lateral spinothalamic tract

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Which tract transmits vibration sensation from the ankle? Fasicuclus gracilis Dorsal spinocerebellar Ventral spinocerebellar

Fasciculus gracilis

Ventral spinocerebellar tract originates from the ___ Border cells of Cooper-Sherrrington Dorsal nucleus of Clarke Cuneocerebellar tract

Border cells of cooper-Sherrington

Dorsolateral tract of Lissauer is part of which structure? Dorsal column Lateral spinothalamic tract Cuneocerebellar tract

Lateral spinothalamic tract

In dorsal spinocerebellar tract, the cell bodies of 1st order sensory neurons are located in dorsal root ganglia at the level of ___ C8-s3 L1-s2 C2-t7

C8-s3

Which statement is true about corticospinal tracts? Originate from lamina IV of the cerebral cortex 90% of fibers decussate in the caudal medulla Constitute bulk of dorsal column of the spinal cord

90% of fibers decussate in the caudal medulla | —originates in lamina V

Rubrospinal tract can be found in the ___ column of the spinal cord Lateral Ventral Dorsal

Lateral

Which tract decussates in the ventral white commisure? Ventral corticospinal Medial reticulospinal Lateral vestibulospinal

Ventral corticospinal —-medial reticulospinal =ipsilateral —-lateral vestibulospinal =uncrossed

The corticospinal tracts originate from the following areas, except___ Premotor cortex (area 6) Frontal eye-field cortex (area 8) Primary motor cortex (area 4)

Frontal eye-field (area 8)

Lesion of which tract would result in Horner syndrome? Tectospinal Rubrospinal Hypothalamospinal

Hypothalamospinal

Which tract would does not decussate? Vestibulospinal Rubropinal Tectospinal

Vestibulospinal

Upper motor neurons can be found in the ___ Substantia nigra Red nucleus Nucleus ambiguus

Red nucleus

Which tract originates in the pons? Tectospinal Rubrospinal Vestibulospinal

Vestibulospinal —rubrospinal= cortex —tectospinal= superior colliculus

Tone of the flexor mm is controlled by the ___ tract Lateral vestibulospinal Rubrospinal Medial reticulospinal

Rubrospinal | —lat. vestibulospinal= extensor tone

Spastic paralysis suggest involvement of the ___ Upper motor neurons Lower motor neurons Spinal nerve roots

Upper motor neurons

Which tract may modulate pain impulses? Tectospinal Reticulospinal Rubrospinal

Reticulospinal

Two terms for massive motor tracts serving voluntary movements are ___ Pyramidal and corticospinal Extrapyramidal and multineuronal Segmental and supplementary

Extrapyramidal and multineuronal

Which tract has cell bodies upper motor neurons in the medulla oblongata? Ventral corticospinal Lateral reticulospinal Medial reticulospinal

Medial reticulospinal —vent corticospinal= cortex —lat reticulospinal= pontine

Lateral corticospinal tract contains axons of the giant cells of ___ Betz Golgi Deiters

Betz

What nuclei of the indirect system receive impulses from the equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear and help maintain balance by varying muscle tone of postural muscles? Superior colliculi Reticular nuclei Vestibular nuclei

Vestibular nuclei

Which cerebellar lobe is called the vestibulocerebellum? Anterior Posterior Flocculonodular

Flocculonodular

Basket cells can be found in the ___ layer Purkinje cell Molecular Granule

Molecular

Which type of cells is characterized by the outermost location of cell body in the cerebellar cortex. Stellate Golgi Basket

Stellate

Which type of cells is characterized by dendritic arborizations in the outermost layer of cerebellar cortex. Perkinje Betz Granule

Perkinje

What type of cells forms synapses with mossy fibers Cooper-Sherrington Purkinje Granule

Granule

Which type of cells conveys the only output from the cerebellar cortex Golgi Deuteir Purkinje

Purkinje

Which type of cells forms parallel fibers? Granule Basket Stellate

Granule

Mossy fibers are termination of which tract? Olivocerebellar Spinocerebellar Rubrospinal

Spinocerebellar

Which tract terminates in form of climbing fibers? Olivocerebellar Reticulocerebellar Pontocerebellar

Olivocerebellar

Which cerebellar zone controls muscles of the distal parts of the limbs, especially the hands and feet? Median Lateral Intermediate

Intermediate

Which nucleus does not constitute interposed nucleus? Dentate Emboliform Globose

Dentate

Fibers from which nucleus travels via the inferior cerebellar peduncle? Dentate Emboliform Fastigial

Emboliform | —-dentate (maybe fastigial)= superior

Cuneocerebellar tract enters the cerebellum via which peduncle? Inferior Middle Superior

Inferior

Juxtarestiform body is part of which peduncle? Superior Middle Inferior

Inferior

Which cerebellar peduncle contains only afferent fibers? Superior Middle Inferior

Middle

Ventral spinocerebellar tract enters cerebellum via which peduncle? Superior Middle Inferior

Superior

Alcohol abuse most likely affects ___ Lateral hemispheres Anterior vermis Posterior vermis

Anterior vermis

Fibers of internal capsule separate ___ Putamen from the globus pallidus Caudate nucleus from the thalamus Caudate nucleus from the lentiform nucleus

Caudate nucleus from the lentiform nucleus

A hypersensitive patient suddenly develops violent flinging involuntary movements in an upper limb. The patient is able to suppress the movements for brief periods. What structure may be affected? Globus pallidus Subthalamic nucleus Substantia nigra

Subthalamic nucleus—ballism/ hemiballism | —substantia nigra= parkinsons

Neostriatum is ___ Caudate nucleus and putamen Putamen and globus pallidus Putamen and thalamus

Caudate nucleus and putamen

Which structure is a major site in Huntington’s disease? Caudate nucleus Internal capsule Globus pallidus

Caudate nucleus

Globus pallidus receivable input from which two major nuclei? Striatum and subthalamic nucleus Substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus Lentiform nucleus and claustrum

Striatum and subthalamic nucleus

Tail of caudate nucleus terminated anteriorly in the ___ nucleus Red Subthalamic Amygdaloid

Amygdaloid

Lentiform nucleus is ___ Caudate nucleus and putamen Putamen and globus pallidus Claustrum and globus pallidus

Putamen and globus pallidus

Basal ganglia receive their input via the ___ Caudate nucleus and putamen Putamen and globus pallidus Putamen and subthalamic nucleus

Caudate nucleus and putamen

Claustrum can be found between ___ Internal and external capsules External and extreme capsules Caudate nucleus and thalamus

External and extreme capsules

Which structure is a major site of degeneration in Parkinson’s disease? Subthalamic nucleus Globus pallidus Substantia nigra

Substantia nigra

Corpus striatum is __ Caudate nucleus and putamen Putamen and globus pallidus Caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus

Caudate nucleus and putamen

Which of the following is part of the limbic system? Putamen Subthalamic nucleus Amygdaloid nuclues

Amygdaloid nucleus

____ is the major site form which the output leaves the basal nuclei. Putamen Globus pallidus Subthalamic nucleus

Globus pallidus

Production of which neurotransmitter is affected in Parkinson’s disease? Dopamine GABA Glycine

Dopamine

Which of the following is not true about basal ganglia? They inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movement They regulate intensity of slow or stereotyped movements They receive direct input from and output to the spinal cord

They receive direct input from and output to the spinal cord

Destruction of the ventral horn results in ___ Exaggerated muscle stretch reflexes Loss of muscle bulk Babinski sign

Loss of muscle bulk—atrophy —-exaggerated reflexes= flaccid paralysis —-babinksi= UMN

Cutting a ventral root of a spinal cord may result in: An increased activity of muscle stretch reflexes involving denervated muscles Degeneration of dorsal root ganglion cells at the same segmental spinal cord level Regeneration of the cut axons because their myelin sheath are formed by Schwann cells

An increased activity of muscle stretch reflexes involving denervated muscles

A 51 year old man complains that in span of approx 3 moths his upper extremities gradually got weaker and weaker with right hand now being held only in claw-like position. He also has trouble getting up from a chair and he walk with difficulty. During examination, tendon reflexes in both lower limbs are elevated, and there are bilateral Babinski responses in both feet, the biceps and triceps reflexes are virtually absent. There is visible twitching of muscle fibers beneath the skin of both forearms and chest. His speech is somewhat nasal and slurred. The patient has no pain or loss of sensation, and he maintains that bladder function is normal. The patient signs consistent with___ Multiple sclerosis Tabes dorsalis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

35 year old man had fallen off of a ladder. A neurological exam conducted 2 weeks after the accident reveals that the individual has a complete hemisection of the right side of the spinal cord at the level T10. In this case, the patient is most likely to exhibit ___ Pain and temp loss in both upper and lower limb on the left Altered touch sensations from the right lower limb Hyperactive stretch reflexes in the lower limb on the left

Altered touch sensations from the right lower limb

A 23 year old woman reports that for about six months she had balancing problems and numbness in her right hand, but the numbness subsided after a couple of months. She works as a secretary and things she may have carpal tunnel syndrome. Examination reveals decreased vibratory sense n both the right hand and right leg, decreased pinprick sensation in the right lower limb, and that both of her right limbs are weak. Which of the following might also be seen in the patient? Bilateral ptosis Blurry vision Foot drop

Foot drop

A 54 year old man developed shooting and burning sensations in both legs and altered sensations of touch in the soles of both feet. His gait is unsteady. He tends to urinate more frequently, particularly at night. The patient signs consistent with___ Tabes dorsalis Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Anterior spinal artery occlusion

Tabes dorsalis

A 17 year old patient complains that he cannot tell the difference between hot or cold water when he washes his hand, and also notes that both upper limbs tire easily. Examination reveals that the thenar eminences of both hands of the patient appear wasted. The patient signs consistent with ___ Poliomyelitis Syringomyelia Tabes dorsalis

Syringomyelia

Examination reveals that 53 year old patient lost the ability to discriminate between two points presented simultaneously to the skin of the left hand. The patient signs consistent with the lesion in the ___ Medial lemniscus on the left side of pons Dorsal column on the left side of the spinal cord at C3 Spinothalamic tract on the left side of the spinal cord at C2

Dorsal column of the left side of the spinal cord at C3

A 43 year old patient is present with muscle weakness, fasciculations, and suppressed reflexes. The most likely location of the lesion is in the ___ Dorsal horn Ventral horn Lateral column

Ventral horn

Neurological examination reveals an extensor plantar reflex on the left side, hypperflexia on the left side, a loss of pain and temp sensation on the right side, and ptosis and mitosis on the left side. A lesion would most likely be found in the ___ Cervical spinal cord Lumbar spinal cord Crus cerebri, left side

Cervical spinal cord

After repair of an aortic aneurysm, a 39 year old patient developed neurological signs attributed to temporary occlusion of the feeder arteries to the anterior spinal artery. Which of the following signs would be the LEAST likely to be present? Bilateral loss of pain and temp sensation below the site of occlusion Bilateral weakness below the site of the occlusion Bilateral loss of vibratory sense below the site of the occlusion

Bilateral loss of vibratory sense below the site of occlusion

Quiz Review Flashcards

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