QuizBank Flashcards

1
Q

What use “additional” factors to measure impact on return and arrive at appropriate portfolio returns

A

Ross’ Arbitrage theory and
Merton’s Multi-factor CAPM
both use factors in addition to those in CAPM

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2
Q

The type of risk which measures the extent to which a firm uses debt securities and other forms of debt in its capital structure to finance

A

Financial Risk

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3
Q

American Depository Receipts (ADRs) are for

A

Trading foreign Securities in US Markets

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4
Q

how to calculate the portfolio deviation of a portfolio

A

note - std of portfolio will be less than the avg of the deviations

square root of the wtd average of the returns added together PLUS 2xstandard deviations times eachother times their covariance
^~(Wt1Ret1)squared+ (Wt2Ret2)squared +2(Wt1)(wt2)COV
with COV = std1std2correlation

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5
Q

Describe the markets

A

Primary market is where investment bankers and corporations meet to arrange offerings to the public. Secondary markets are where previously issued securities are sold (exchanges, etc.).
Third Market is Trading by non exchange-member brokers/dealers and institutional investors of exchange-listed stocks. In other words, the third market involves exchange-listed securities that are being traded over-the-counter between brokers/dealers and large institutional investors.
Fourth market is the market where corporation and institutional investors deal directly with one another.

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6
Q

Jong Mae is optimistic about the long-term growth of her Matsushita stock. However, the stock, currently priced at $128 per share, has made a sharp advance in the last week and she wants to lock in a minimum price in case the shares drop. What should Jong Mae do?

A

Buy a lower priced put, giving me the ability to sell the stocks at a higher price than it might decline to, and then, have the ability to buy it back later at the lower price.

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7
Q

Specific companies are researched and chosen as investments based on their outstanding investment possibilities by analysts who practice:

A

bottoms up analysis - finding values that are as yet undiscovered

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8
Q

The current annual dividend of ABC Corporation is $2 per share. Five years ago, the dividend was $1.36 per share. The firm expects dividends to grow in the future at the same compound annual rate as they grew during the past five years. The required rate of return on the firm’s common stock is 12%. The expected return on the market portfolio is 14%. What is the value of a share of common stock of ABC Corporation using the constant dividend growth model? (Round to the nearest dollar.)

A
Step 1:
N = 5
i = ? = .08
PV = 
PMT = 0 FV = 2
Step 2:
D1 = 2 x 1.08 (from Step 1) = 2.16
Step 3:
V = (D1) ÷ (r - g) = 2.16 ÷ (.12 - .08) = 54
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9
Q

what is the cumulative feature on a preferred stock

A

If dividends are not paid in a given cycle, they cannot be paid to anyone else until they are paid to preferred shareholders.

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10
Q

what is the participating feature of a preferred stock

A

If dividends are not paid in a given cycle, they cannot be paid to anyone else until they are paid to preferred shareholders.

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11
Q

what is the convertability feature of a preferred stock

A

The preferred shareholder has the option of accruing a certain number of shares and then converting them to common stock

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12
Q

what is the cumulative feature of a common stock

A

common stockholders gets to cast its entire total of votes in a grouping for one seat on the board of directors if the shareholders so desire

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13
Q

investment characteristics of a closed-end investment companie

A

actively managed, but, shares of the funds are traded only on major secondary markets

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14
Q

technical analysis that utilizes Advances and Declines (also known as Breadth of the Market)

A

Pricing indicator

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15
Q

technical analysis that utilizes the number of shares traded

A

Volume indicator

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16
Q

technical analysis that deals with directions of the market and related averages

A

Market indicators

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17
Q

technical analysis that does not use price but rather movements

A

Charting indicators

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18
Q

what factors signify greatest reinvestment rate risk

A

high coupon rate and lack of similar rates in market

19
Q

How do you immunize a bond portfolio over a specific investment horizon

A

Match the average weighted duration of the bond portfolio to the investment horizon (not every individual bond, but, the wtd avg of the portfolio)

20
Q

What should investors do during the peak of the economic cycle

A

start to convert to cash to take advantage of highest prices/ prepare to buy bargains, begin to SELL debt instruments (which are at low returns), AND BUY precious metals which are at lower prices (hedged against the market).

21
Q

what should we expect when we see foreign investors selling dollar-denominated assets

A

Anticipation of higher interest rates coming in US

22
Q

what are indicators of declining interest rates

A

weak demand for loans, decreasing US deficits, decreasing inflation

23
Q

characteristics of Bottoms Up Managers

A

Technicians searching for Value

24
Q

characteristics of Top Down Managers

A

Market Timers who leverage Group Rotation

25
Q

how to calculate standard deviation of returns

A

sum individual returns and then press the orange Sx,Sy button which calculates std dev (on the 8)…

to validate, recognize that ~2/3 of the returns will be within 1 std dev of the mean…

26
Q

What is used to calculate return that your client should expect from a security

A

CAPM = Rf + B(Rm-Rf)

27
Q

Which index uses the geometric average to compute its daily value

A

Value Line is the only index using Geometric average

Dow Jones is the only index using simple price wtd avg

Most others use value wtd avgs

28
Q

What are characteristics of an open-end investment company

A

traded directly with the fund, not on the secondary market

May be either passively and actively managed.

29
Q

examples / values of bond swap characteristics

A

A substitution swap is designed to take advantage of anticipated and potential yield differentials between bonds that are similar with regard to coupons, rating, maturities, and industry

Rate anticipation swaps utilize forecasts of general interest rate changes

The yield pickup swap is designed to alter the cash flow of the portfolio by exchanging similar bonds having different coupon rates

tax swap replaces bonds with offsetting capital gains and losses

30
Q

characteristics of a Municipal Bond Unit Trust

A

can deposit a fixed number of dollars with little worry.
1 completely tax-advantaged
2 moderately competitive interest rate,
3 Relative safety,
4 very low fees.
5 mostly assured of getting principle back,
6 investor does not require a great deal of liquidity

31
Q

when stock prices move up and down, what are the top and bottom points called? WWWWW

A

top points are called resistance as the stock doesnt get beyond those points. investors who bought in early are now taking the opportunity to take a profit, or if bought in at a previous high are going to get even

Bottom points are called support - stock drops to a lower level of trading and investors choose to invest in something that they passed on at a higher price (now they support the lower price with the idea of helping it grow… signals a belief that new demand will come and raise the prices)

32
Q

what investments do NOT have market risk

A

US T-Bills have no market risk - they are considered the risk free rate - US backed security

33
Q

characteristics of i-bonds

A

adjust for inflation and are NONmarketable (must be purch’d through govt)

34
Q

how can municipal bond funds generate taxable capital gains?

A

when fund managers sell the bonds inside the funds, this generates gains

35
Q

what bond adjusts its par value to provide purchase power protection

A

TIPS - Treasury Inflation protected securities have their par value adjusted

I Bonds adjust the coupon rate

36
Q

what bonds have adjustable coupon rates to provide purchase power protection

A

I Bonds adjust the coupon rate

TIPS - change their par value

37
Q

What is the Holding Period Return

A

(Selling price of the security +/- cash flows including purchase price) DIVIDED by the purchase price

38
Q

how do you calculate the current yield of a bond

A

Coupon Rate DIVIDED by the current Price of the bond

39
Q

How to calculate YTC and YTM

A

use TVM solving for i with either the call or maturity price as FV

40
Q

what is the relationship of CR, CY, YTM, YTC

A

when bonds are selling at a discount, the coupon rate is the lowest, as investors need a discount to take the lower rate. Current yield is better, but, not as good as yield to maturity, and becomes best if the Call is exercised.

If bonds are at a premium, it means the current rate is highest. the yield is just under that, then yield to maturity, and unfortunately, if called, the bonds are being called to minimize extra payments so its yield is lowest to cut those payments.

41
Q

Bond Duration

A

weighted avg maturity of all cash flows

the bigger duration, the more price sensitive (volatile)

duration measures when an investor is immunized from interest rate and reinvestment rate risks

duration moves inversely with interest rates

calc = (1+ytm)/ytm)) - ((1+ytm) + t(coupon-ytm)) Divided by
coupon((1+ytm)t-1))+ytm

42
Q

How do you estimate a bond price based on a change in interest rates

A

-1*Duration TIMES ((change in YTM/ (1+YTM))

eg - 1k bond, due in 5 yrs; 6%=coupon rate, YTM=8%, selling at 920.15 ==>
first calc duration = {(1.08/(.08) - [((1.08+(5(.06-.08))) / ((.06((1.081.081.081.08*1.08)-1))+.08)]} == {13.5-[(.98)(1.4693-1))+.06)]} == 13.5/(.98.5293) ==
4.4yrs; then, determine new price if interest rates drop by .5%

-4.4 (.005/ 1.08) = 2.04% increase

43
Q

who is responsible for setting initial margin requirements for security transactions

A

Federal Reserve