Quizes for 5/6 Flashcards by Delia istrate

Which of the following is most likely to occur in the cervical spine?

A. Infection
B. Fracture
C. Cancer
D. NA- these are only in the lumbar

C. Cancer

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What active motion test is part of the Canadian C-Spine rule?

A. B rotation to 45*
B. Uni rotation to 45*
C. Flexion to 45*
D. Flexion and Extension to 45*

A. B rotation to 45*

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Which of the following is NOT a classic symptom of vertebral artery dysfunction?

A. Double vision
B. Nausea
C. Fainting
D. Trouble swallowing

C. Fainting

Drop attack is different from fainting.

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It is particularly important to know whether a cervical pt has RA bc if it is present

A. Exacerbations of neck P and stiffness are likely
B. Neurogenic P will complicate treatment
C. Spinal stenosis is the likely P generator
D. Upper cervical instability makes the treatment risky

D. Upper cervical instability makes the treatment risky

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Symptoms of cervical myelopathy include all the following except

A. B weakness
B. Hyporeflexia of LE
C. UE anesthesia
D. Pain in 1 or both arms

B. Hyporeflexia of LE

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Cervical radiculopathy most commonly involves

A. the C8 nerve root
B. elderly women with RA
C. B extremities
D. Arm P > neck P

D. Arm P > neck P

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Neck P occurs most often in

A. Hypermobile young adults
B. Middle aged adults
C. Osteoarthritic elderly adults
D. Adults irrespective of age

B. Middle aged adults

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Mechanical neck P is usually _____ in the morning after rest.

A. stiff for an hour or more
B. most severe
C. less painful
D. unpredictable

C. less painful

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A diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis

A. increases a pt’s risk of fracture
B. often follows a diagnosis of osteoporosis
C. is more common in elderly osteoporotic pts
D. is often associated with a history of childhood fracture

A. increases a pt’s risk of fracture

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Which of the following is a most accurate statement related to the cluster of 4 tests for radiculopathy?

A. all 4 must be + to raise suspicion of radiculopathy
B. all 4 must be - to rule out radiculopathy
C. even if all 4 are -, it’s not necessarily ruled out
D. the more are +, the higher the suspicion

D. the more are +, the higher the suspicion

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Your 45 your old self-referral neck P pt that you are evaluating today has no previous hx of cancer and her wt is stable. What is the risk that her P is associated with metastatic cancer?

A. these factors essentially rule out metastatic cancer in the spine
B. the factors only apply to lumbar and shouldn’t be extrapolated to cervical
C. she is negative on 3 out of 4 factors so her risk is pretty low
D. she is negative on 1 out of 4 factors so she should be referred

C. she is - on 3 out of 4 factors so her risk is pretty low

The four factors are:
over age 50
prev hx of non-skin cancer
Unexplained weight loss of more than 4.5 kg (~10lbs) in 6 months
failure of conservative Tx in past month (this is the only unknown for this question)

The absence of all 4 of these clinical findings essentially rules out cancer in the lumbar spine. Specific research has not address these findings for pts with neck pain.

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How many of the following are NOT risk factors for vertebral osteomyelitis?

A. DM type 1
B. alcohol abuse
C. illicit IV drug use
D. pnumonia
E. recent stem cell transplant
F. severe torticollis
G. tuberculosis
H. unexplained fever
I. urinary incontinence
J. wt loss

F. severe torticollis– this is a sym of VO
H. unexplained fever– this is a sym of VO or a different infection
I. urinary incontinence– UTI is a risk factor, not UI
J. wt loss– this is a sym of VO

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Your pt is a 62 year old male who self-referred to your PT clinic a few days after being rear ended by someone traveling at a moderately high speed. He has no sensory complaints besides severe P and soreness, which came on within a few hours of the accident. He ahs diffused upper, mid, and lower cervical tenderness midline and B and he can rotate 30* R and 40*L. He declined medical evaluation immediately after the accident bc he had no P initially. Should you refer?

A. Yes, but only if he doesn’t respond to initial treatment
B. Yes, even before I attempt initial treatment
C. No, he only has one read flag (>50)
D. Not yet, finish a thorough exam then decide

B. Yes, even before I attempt initial treatment

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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor, feature, or symptom of cervical arterial dysfunction?

A. Cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, smoking, bacterial infection raise suspicion of this
B. Cervical rotation and/or extension movements compress and/or stretch the internal carotid and/or vertebral arteries
C. Contraceptives use is a risk factor
D. Dissecting aneurysms of the vertebrobasilar or internal carotid arteries are part of this
E. Dizziness associated with rotation of the head
F. Genetic disposition and/or family history of cardiovascular disease increases the suspicion
G. If symptoms don’t include one or more of the 5 D’s it can be ruled out
H. It is defined as both current and potential adverse events involving the blood supply to the brainstem and cerebrum
I. Provocation testing is always indicated prior to cervical exam and intervention
J. Recent cervical trauma is a risk factor
K. Recent surgical or nerve block increase the risk of this
L. Sudden recent onset of neck P without dizziness or neurological symptoms
M. Sudden recent onset of severe headache
N. Transient ischemic CNS symptoms are associated with this

G. If symptoms don’t include one or more of the 5 D’s it can be ruled out
I. Provocation testing is always indicated prior to cervical exam and intervention ((not always))

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Which of the following are good descriptions of the DISEQUILIBRIUM associated with what is likely to be cervicogenic dizziness?

A. I feel lightheaded and woozy.
B. I sometimes feel weak and unsteady on my feet.
C. It feels like I’m about to fall for no good reason.
D. It feels like I’m going to faint or something.
E. It feels like the room is spinning around me.
F. It lasts for a few minutes generally.
G. It only happens when I turn my head quickly.
H. It usually lasts for a few seconds.
I. My legs suddenly buckle under me for no good reason.
J. Suddenly my vision goes kind of dark.
K. When I stand up quickly, I get sort of dizzy.

Disequilibrium::
B. I sometimes feel weak and unsteady on my feet.
C. It feels like I’m about to fall for no good reason.
F. It lasts for a few minutes generally.
H. It usually lasts for a few seconds.

Presyncope::
A. I feel lightheaded and woozy.
D. It feels like I’m going to faint or something.
J. Suddenly my vision goes kind of dark.
K. When I stand up quickly, I get sort of dizzy

Vestibular::
E. It feels like the room is spinning around me.
G. It only happens when I turn my head quickly.

Drop attack::
I. My legs suddenly buckle under me for no good reason.

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Ligamentous instability is generally associate with which of the following

A. Early RA
B. Genetic ligamentous instability
C. History of major trauma
D. - radiograph for instability 
E. pt preference for external support
F. Radiographic instability
G. soft end-fell with passive motion
H. Subjective reports of neck locking or catching
I. unpredictable symptoms

All of them

A. Early RA
B. Genetic ligamentous instability
C. History of major trauma
D. - radiograph for instability 
E. pt preference for external support
F. Radiographic instability
G. soft end-fell with passive motion
H. Subjective reports of neck locking or catching
I. unpredictable symptoms

Note: Radiographs are not absolutely positively dependable.
(-) radiograph doesn’t mean no instability
but
(+) radiograph means likely instability

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RA is not associated with which of the following

A. Ataxic gait and/or LE weakness
B. cervical myelopathy
C. excessive cervical ROM
D. hand dexterity problems
E. morning stiffness >45 minutes
F. one or more of the '5 D's'
G. paresthesia, maybe B
H. suboccipital P and/or occipital headaches

C. excessive cervical ROM

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Describe angina:

From the book:

Angina is a typical symptom of MI often described as a sensation of substernal or retrosternal chest pressure, squeezes, or heaviness during exertion of 70-90%. Only 33% or less complain of chest P. Some pts present with neck, jaw, ear, arm, or epigastic discomfort.

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How does unstable angina differ from stable angina?

Stable angina lasts 5-15 minutes and comes on by a predictable level of function or emotional stress.

Unstable angina is an abrupt change in intensity or frequency that is not relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.

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What is the key sign of acute coronary syndrome in women?

Severe fatigue that is unexplainable

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Which of the following is NOT one of the common signs of heart attack?

A. chest discomfort with lightheadedness, dizziness, sweating, pallor, nausea, or SOB
B. P that spreads to the throat, neck, back, jaw, shoulders, or arms
C. Prolonged uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing, or P in the center of the chest
D. Symptoms relieved by antacids, nitroglycerin, or rest

D. Symptoms relieved by antacids, nitroglycerin, or rest

(antacids should not relieve pain if it is heart attack - unless maybe in women, and if it is an actual heart attack the symptoms will not be relieve by any of the three things). They might help with angina but not a MI.

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The following 5 findings assist in diagnosing cervical myelopathy:
Age>45
\+ Babinski sign
\+ inverted supinator
\+ Hoffman
Ataxic or wide-based gait

What is/are the criteria for ruling CM in?

3 out of 5 +

the best test for a + is Babinski and Hoffman

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The following 5 findings assist in diagnosing cervical myelopathy:
Age>45
\+ Babinski sign
\+ inverted supinator
\+ Hoffman
Ataxic or wide-based gait

What is/are the criteria for ruling CM out?

0 or 1 out of 5 are +

the best is having a - inverted supinator

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The following 4 findings assist in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy:
What is/are the criteria for ruling CR in?
ULTT A
Ipsilateral rotation less 60 degrees
distraction
Spurling’s A

3 out of 4 + is 65%
4 out of 4+ is 90%

**the more + the better chance

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The following 4 findings assist in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy: What is/are the criteria for ruling CR out? ULTT A Ipsilateral rotation less 60 degrees distraction Spurling's A

the less + the more chance of ruling it out **if ULTT A is negative, best to rule out

Which of the following screening tests is not useful for screening a cervical source of P? A. Median neurodynamics tests B. PA accessory testing C. Palpation side glide D. Spurling's test

C. Palpation side glide These 3 are good to use for screening cerival source of P. Whenever a person has S pain, should do these 3 and cervical ROM. A. Median neurodynamics tests B. PA accessory testing D. Spurling's test

Your pt with neck P also is noted to have significant FHP. Is this relevant to this pt's P? A. Have the pt retract and if the symptoms decrease then the posture is probably relevant B. If the P is lower cervical, it can be assumed that the FHP is the cause of P C. FHP pts both the upper and lower cervical spine in an abnormal position so it is relevant no matter where the neck P is located D. It is only relevant if the pt's agg factors include sitting or working at a computer

A. Have the pt retract and if the symptoms decrease then the posture is probably relevant

What single exam item is best for assessing whether the TMJ is part of a pt's neck P problem? A. Asking whether they have P during chewing B. The presence of clicking now C. Measuring depression AROM D. The presence of clicking in the past

C. Measuring depression AROM

Which of the following are most indicative of a pt with a shoulder girdle component of his or her neck and shoulder P? A. Shoulder P is reported during particularly heavy lifting and carrying tasks B. Resisting shoulder flexion aggravates the pt's neck and shoulder P C. Abnormal scapular resting position is noted and the pt cannot correct it D. Scapular repositioning significantly reduces shoulder P with lifting

B. Resisting shoulder flexion aggravates the pt's neck and shoulder P D. Scapular repositioning significantly reduces shoulder P with lifting ~~the book says shoulder or neck P, so this is correct. Mincer did not mean it to be correct. Her thinking was the it would be correct if the repositioning reduced shoulder and neck P.

The thoracic spine is often mobilized in a patient with neck P A. Bc is reduces P and disability originating the cervical spine B. When the pt's neck P has a thoracic source instead of a cervical source C. Only if the central PA's in thoracic reproduces both thoracic and neck P D. If there is at least one positive thoracic outlet syndrome tests

A. Bc is reduces P and disability originating the cervical spine

Which of the following is least appropriate intervention for a pt with cervicobrachial P? A. DNF strengthening B. Manual or mechanical traction C. Sagittal repeated motions D. Neurodynamic treatment

A. DNF strengthening

High load exercise for DNF A. Often involves lifting the head slightly off the table in supine, keeping the face parallel to the floor B. Often involves tilting the head back slightly toward the ceiling in quadruped, then controlling slow return to neutral C. Is contraindicated for most cervical pts unless they are competitive athletes D. Should not be undertaken until DNF coordination and control have been mastered

D. Should not be undertaken until DNF coordination and control have been mastered

Which type of headache is usually associated with unilateral throbbing symptoms and often including nausea? A. Cerviogenic B. Tension-type C. Migraine D. Cluster

C. Migraine

Pts whose neck P begins 12-15 hours after being rear-ended A. Shoulder be referred for radiographs only if they can't rotate at least 45* to each side B. Probably doesn't have true WAD; this is a yellow flag C. Has poor prognosis compared to one whose symptoms start immediately D. Probably have acute WAD; this is not an unusual delay

D. Probably have acute WAD; this is not an unusual delay

Active exercise in acute WAD A. Results in improved P intensity but won't improve ROM B. Results in reduced P intensity and increase ROM C. Is less effective than vigorous isometric exercise until P subsides D. Is less effective than use of a soft collar until symptoms are less intense

B. Results in reduced P intensity and increase ROM

Your pt answers yes to your questions about whether she has dizziness. When you assess AROM, she reports mild dizziness with R rotation. You have her sit on a stool wand when you hold her head still and she rotated the stool L, she reports the same dizziness A. This is + for vestibular dizziness B. This is + for cervicogenic dizziness C. This is + for neither D. This is + for either, more testing is needed

B. This is + for cervicogenic dizziness

Your pt is a 42 year old, has diabetes and hypertension, and has lower cervical spine P. She has multiple factors that put her in the mobility deficits classification and you would like to do UPR R at C6. Her family history is + for her mother and grandmother having hypertension. She reports no dizziness or other neuro s/s/ You should A. Perform VBI tests before deciding whether mobilization is OK B. Attempt grade III and if she has no dizziness or unusual symptoms then proceed with mobilizations C. Perform VBI tests prior to attempting the UPA D. VBI tests are contraindicated bc of her other medical and family history E. VBI tests aren't indicated prior to this pt's treatment

A. Perform VBI tests before deciding whether mobilization is OK She likes this too. For a UPA, do not need to do VBI tests. If doing more intense mobilization, then you need tests. E. VBI tests aren't indicated prior to this pt's treatment

You perform active rotation and your pt's motion is very restricted but you are having trouble figuring out whether the restriction is mostly in upper or lower cervical spine. What active test will help you identify whether upper cervical is limited in rotation or not?

Cervical Flexion Rotation

You are evaluating a pt with neck and arm P. He has significant FHP but he can retracts 80%. When he does, his arm pain reduces slightly. When he retracts as far as possible 8-10, his arm P goes completely away. his neck P stays the same. Repeated protrusion is then preformed and it causes his arm P to return. A. This is centralization and he should be taught repeated retraction in sitting B. This is centralization but repeated motion testing was not preformed appropriately C. This is not centralization and another classification is probably more appropriate D. This is centralization but protrusion with pt overpressure should be tried to see if the neck P will go away too.

B. This is centralization but repeated motion testing was not preformed appropriately This is true too, but she likes B better. A. This is centralization and he should be taught repeated retraction in sitting

Your ot has R-sided neck P. When you have him perform combined flexion and R LF, his P increases slightly. When you have him preform extension and L LF, his P doesn't change. The results of these combination movement tests suggest A. His P is related to the maximal closing of the L sided structures B. His P is related to the maximal opening of the L sided structures C. Neither maximal opening nor maximal closing was achieved so the tests are inconclusive

C. Neither maximal opening nor maximal closing was achieved so the tests are inconclusive

Your pt has intermittent neck and arm P. His current P is 0/10. Compression provokes only momentary neck and arm P. You would expect distraction to be A. + B. - C. Unnecessary

C. Unnecessary

Your pt has neck and R arm P. You ask your pt to perform R LF and you add compression. His neck and arm P increases immediately. Spurling's A is A. +; no need for Spurling's B B. -; no need for Spurling's B C. +; but you need to perform Spurling's B D. -; but you need to perform Spurling's B

A. +; no need for Spurling's B

Your pt with R neck and arm P says that his P ins decreased when he rests his R hand on top of his head. What does this suggest to you?

Cervical radiculopathy Or neurodynamics

Your pt has R arm P. You perform the P median neurodynamic test and when you extend her elbow, her arm P is reproduced. When she LF to the R, her pain decreases. This test is A. + for neurodynamics B. - for neurodynamics C. Probably + for neurodynamics, but the L arm should be tested

best answer: C. Probably + for neurodynamics, but the L arm should be tested Ok answer: A. + for neurodynamics

Your pt is being evaluated for neck P that began gradually a few years agi. You believe he belongs in the movement coordination deficit classification. He has no signs of rheumatoid disease or other hypermobility. You are performing the Sharp-Purser test and these is firm resistance to movement. This test is A. - for upper cervical ligamentous instability B. + for upper cervical ligamentous instability C. Inconclusive D. Unnecessary

D. Unnecessary

You want to clear the alar ligament in your post-trauma pt. You palpate the spinous process of C2 and have your pt rotate his head to the R. You don't feel any movement of C2. The same thing happens when you rotate him to the L. This test is A. + for instability B. - for instability C. Incorrectly performed so inclusive

C. Incorrectly performed so inclusive

You performed cervical UPA PAIVM and note hypomobilty R C6 less than C7. Which of the following is true about PPIVM's in this situation? A It isn't necessary to perform because you've already identified the hypomobility B. It is useful to identify which nerve root is likely to be impinged C. It might help clarify opening versus closing mobility deficits D. It is contraindicated in the presence of previously identified hypomobility

C. It might help clarify opening versus closing mobility deficits

Persons in the mobility deficits classification are most likely to have pain A. In mid-range but not end range B. Late in the range and not early C. Thru the entire range of motion D. Could be any of the above

B. Late in the range and not early

Persons in the mobility deficits classification are most likely to be _____ 50 years old.

Persons in the mobility deficits classification are most likely to be less than 50 years old.

Person in the mobility deficits classification A. May have sharp, shooting P extremity P relieved by manual traction B. Are unlikely to have P radiating into the extremity from the neck C. Do not have extremity P as they would put them in a different classification D. Have extremity P that s only provoked by certain combinations of neck movements

Better answer:: B. Are unlikely to have P radiating into the extremity from the neck OK answer:: D. Have extremity P that s only provoked by certain combinations of neck movements

Pain over a patient's lower cervical midline and extending about halfway down her left upper trap provoked by R rotation which is limited is most likely to need A. A L up-glide mobilization B. CPA PAIVM C. Slide-glide mobilization toward the R D. R LF PPIVM

A. A L up-glide mobilization

Apt with upper cervical P is most likely to need a subocciplital MET to provide all the following benefits EXCEPT A. the muscle lengthening it provides helps facilitates improved posture B. it may improve local upper cervical tenderness due to trigger points C. active head nodding in the HEP may also strengthen DNF D. full flexion of the C-spine will help lengthen the deep neck extensors

D. full flexion of the C-spine will help lengthen the deep neck extensors

For the patient with neck P, thoracic manipulation is thought to be beneficial at least partially bc it A. increases cervical but not thoracic segmental mobility B. increases thoracic but not cervical segmental mobility C. increases both cervical and thoracic segmental mobility D. Neither increases cervical or thoracic segmental mobility

BEST: B. increases thoracic but not cervical segmental mobility OK: better with thinking about P C. increases both cervical and thoracic segmental mobility

When you manipulate your pt's neck thoracic spine he asks you why you did that 'down there' when his neck P is up in the R side of his neck. Explain this to him.

The spine is connected. Research and clinical practice shows that thoracic manipulations/mobilizations often help with neck P. Stiffness in your back can affect stiffness in the neck.

PT treating pts in the mobility deficits classification may refer to the manual therapy approach as "fin it and fix it." What do you think they mean by this phrase?

Find the hypomobile segments and do manual therapy to those segments to get back movements.

Which of the following is most true about advising pts with neck P to "Staying active?" A. It is good advice for mobility deficits, as well as specific exercise and movement/ coordination deficits B. Reserve it for the subacute phase bc activity is likely to exacerbate acute P C. It is an effective intervention even when used in the absence of other more specific treatments D. It is good advice for pts with LBP bit does not apply to pts with neck P

A. It is good advice for mobility deficits, as well as specific exercise and movement/ coordination deficits

Low load exercise improves motor performance of the ______. High load exercise improves motor performance of the ________. A. craniocevical flexors; superficial and deep flexors B. deep flexors; superficial flexors C. superficial flexors; deep and superficial flexors D. cervicothoracic flexors; caniocervical flexors

A. craniocevical flexors; superficial and deep flexors

Your pt wants to know why you're having her trace small patterns on the wall using a laser on her head when it's really her neck and shoulder that are hurting. Can you explain this?

You are moving the laser to help with the coordination in your neck.

You observed during extension mobility testing that your pt seems to struggle with returning to neutral and she initiates the movement with tilting her head forward on her neck. Which of the following is true about this? A. This will correct itself as her P decreases and normal sequencing returns B. She should be taught to initiate with lower C-spine flexion first, followed bear the end of motion with craniocervical flexion and this will reduce the struggle C. Analysis of the eccentric phrase (upright to extension) is more important than the concentric phrase (from extension to upright) D. She is sequencing the movement correctly but her flexors are probably weak which is causing the struggle

D. She is sequencing the movement correctly but her flexors are probably weak which is causing the struggle

You have added an exercise for training the cervical extensors in prone on elbows to your pt's HEP. When she returns to the next visit and demonstrates the exercise, she moves her head closer to the mat while keeping looking at her hands, then she raises it back up towards the ceiling as her gaze moves to the wall in front of her. Which, if any, of this is being appropriately performed?

~Don't protrude ~Tuck in or hold in neutral, do L cervical flexion ~Do retraction with chin tuck

Postural correction for the pt with neck P should begin with A. creating lumbar lordosis B. making a double chin C. reversing FHP D. moving shoulders posteriorly

A. creating lumbar lordosis

When teaching a pt craniocervical flexion, it is a good idea to cue them to imagine the axis of motion running thru his A. eyes B. neck C. ears D. chin

C. ears

Compare and contrast the Radiating P classification to the Mobility Deficits classification. Similarities: Differences:

Similarities: Manual therapy, altered neurodynamics, referred P, regional mobility deficits Differences: nerve root compression- RP, central/ periph- RP, Spruling's/ Compression- RP, biggest complaint is neck P- MD, biggest complaint is radiating P- RP

Which sub-classification of Radiating P classification is most common? A. Lower cervical, retraction B. Lower cervical, extension C. Upper cervical, extension D. Upper cervical, retraction

B. Lower cervical, extension | **retraction is called the extension sub-classification

Which of the following is NOT true about finding in the HA classification? A. HAs are usually unilateral and aggravated by neck movements B. Cervical segmental and physiological mobility is often restricted C. Lower cervical joint dysfunction is more common than upper cervical D. Migraines and tension-type HAs aren't included

C. Lower cervical joint dysfunction is more common than upper cervical **in HA classifications- Upper cervical is more common D. Migraines and tension-type HAs aren't included **only tension type is included

Thoracic manipulation _____ an appropriate part of treatment for a pt in the Radiating P classification. A. is B. is not

A. is

Craniocervical flexion with shoulder girdle depression followed by craniocervical extension with shoulder girdler elevation is best described as a A. slider B. tensioner

B. tensioner

Your pt who appears to belong in the HA classification is also noted to have weak craniocervical flexors and shortened suboccipitals. Which of the following is the best approach to address the poor muscle performance? A. Low load training will help improve the muscle performance deficit and may also improve the HAs so it should be started now B. Once you reduce the severity and frequency of the HAs, DNF training can begin C. Once you reduce the severity and frequency of the HAs, the pt will be reclassified into Movement-Coordinated Deficits and the DNF training will be addressed D. DNF training can't begin until the shorted muscle have been lengthened enough to allow normal craniocervical alignment

A. Low load training will help improve the muscle performance deficit and may also improve the HAs so it should be started now

Cervicogenic HAs are more likely to begin A. At night B. Early morning C. Late afternoon D. No pattern

C. Late afternoon

One of the red flags related to HAs is "HA accompanied by fever, rash, and stiff neck." If a stiff neck is associated with cervicogenic HA, why is this a red flag?

menigitis

The best way to differentiate cervicogenic HAs from other HA types is A. AROM, upper cervical PAIVMs B. Cervical PPIVMs and FHP C. AROM, Upper cervical PAIVMs, and CCFT D. FHP, CCFT performance, and cervical flexion rotation test

C. AROM, Upper cervical PAIVMs, and CCFT

Evidence supports the effectiveness of manual therapy and exercise for the treatment of A. cervicogenic HA only B. cervicogenic, migraine, and tension-type HAs C. cervicogenic and tension type HAs only

C. cervicogenic and tension type HAs only there is only little evidence for migraines. there is strong evidence for the other two.

Active exercise is generally effective in A. only chronic WAD B. chronic and sub acute WAD C. acute, sub acute, and chronic WAD D. it not effective in WAD

C. acute, sub acute, and chronic WAD

In WAD, a soft collar A. is no more effective than advice to stay active B. increases the effectiveness of exercise C. is more effective than exercise D. has no effect even in the acute stage

A. is no more effective than advice to stay active

A. B. C. D.

Quizes for 5/6 Flashcards

(75 cards)