Quizlet Practice Flashcards
1
Q
Most Common Communication Disorder
A
Articulation Disorder
2
Q
Fluency
A
ability to express oneself readily, clearly, and effectively
3
Q
Lag in Expressive Language
A
Delayed speech onset
4
Q
Cerebral Palsey
A
Condition characterized by weakness, lack of coordination, and other motor dysfunctions caused by damage to the brain before its matured
5
Q
Muscular Dystrophy
A
Hereditary disease characterized by progressive weakness caused by degeneration of muscle fibers
6
Q
Multiple Sclerosis
A
A chronic progressive nervous disorder
7
Q
Psychoanalytic Approach
A
Addresses internal motivations and feelings shaped by early childhood experiences
8
Q
Phenomenological Approach
A
Addresses self concept
9
Q
Behavior Modification plan
A
Changes learned inappropriate behaviors
10
Q
Receptive language disorder
A
student looks to others to see what they are doing when directions are given
11
Q
Expressive language disorder
A
Student hesitates before talking or repeats words and phrases
12
Q
Students with disability services that do not require special education related services
A
1) Are covered under section 504 of IDEA 2) Do not require an IEP
13
Q
Characterized by problems with communication and repetitive patterns of thought and behavior
A
Asperger’s
14
Q
Cystic Fibrosis
A
Causes sticky mucus build up in lungs and digestive track
15
Q
Sickle Cell Anemia
A
Caused by recessive gene , caused by abnormal crescent shaped blood cells, painful episodes
16
Q
Students with ADHD need:
A
clear rules, expectations, and consequences
17
Q
Under IDEA ADHD is Classified as?
A
Other health disorder
18
Q
damage to the brain due to violent impact
A
Traumatic Brain Injury
19
Q
Autism
A
Inappropriate social interactions, difficulty with communication and repetitive behaviors
20
Q
Under IDEA’s Down’s Syndrome may be classified as?
A
Mental retardation or speech impairment
21
Q
SLD- Specific Learning disability
A
One of the 13- disorder in one or more basic psychological processes involved in understanding language, spoken or written. Dyslexia, Aphasia, minimal brain dysfunction
22
Q
Emotional Disturbance
A
One of the 13- inappropriate behavior or feelings, pervasive unhappiness, may develop physical systems in response to personal problems, schizophrenia
23
Q
Other health impairment
A
One of the 13- limited strength, vitality, or alertness that affects a child’s educational performance, usually due to chronic or acute health problem such as Asthma, Tourette’s, diabetes , sickle cell, etc.
24
Q
Multiple Disabilities
A
One of the 13- concomitant impairments excludes deaf- blindness
25
Natural Consequences
Penalty occurs without conscious action being taken
26
Statement on annual goals
must be included in the IEP
27
Multiple Intelligences
Linguistic, Visual, Logical, Kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal
28
Self- contained
classroom of students with like needs for most or all of day
29
Functional Assessment
identifies antecedents, consequences, and setting
30
Contingency Based Self Management
student are responsible for monitoring their own behavior
31
ecological inventory
student interaction with environment now and in the future
32
full inclusion
students are in general classroom, SPED teacher works with gen ed teacher
33
Premack principal
a more preferred activity is used as a positive reinforcer for a less preferred activity
34
functional skill
ex. filling out a job application
35
activating prior knowledge
a way of motivating kids by getting them interested before a lesson is taught
36
Guided practice
teacher directed activity
37
performance objectives
observable behavior, a standard for behavior
38
modification
changes in what (subject matter) is measured by assessment
39
accommodation
lessens the effect of the disability, does not change learning exception
40
cooperative learning
uses small groups of students working together and sharing knowledge
41
study skills activities
address how to become more effective learners
42
assistive technology
item or piece of equipment that maintains or improves functional capabilities for students with disabilities
43
blissymbols
symbols that substitute for words
44
synthesized speech
computer generated translation of written information
45
syntactical deficits
difficulties on acquiring rules that control word order and grammar
46
augmentative communication
symbols, aids, strategies, and techniques used to supplement or replace oral language
47
metacognitive approach
evaluating and monitoring oneself
48
diagnostic prescriptive method
uses assessment to diagnose specific processing problems
49
direct instruction
explicit teaching using lectures or demonstrations
50
cooperative learning
students working in groups
51
multiple modality activities
address multiple learning styles
52
ITP
Individual Transition Plan
53
differentiated instruction
modification of curriculum that allows all levels and styles of learners to access it
54
voice recognition software
uses a computer and a microphone
55
concept development software
helps students with cognitive abilities expand ideas
56
communication software
necessary with communication boards and visual displays, helps user exchange information
57
curriculum based assessment
test items are unique to curriculum
58
reflective activities
allow students to think about their learning opportunities
59
Woodcock Johnson Psychoeducational Battery
Both cognitive and achievement sections, provides discrepancy between ability and achievement, good for diagnosing learning disabilities
60
Wechsler Intelligence scale for Children
an intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16 inclusive that can be completed without reading or writing. The WISC generates an IQ score
61
Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale
method of identifying intellectually deficient children for their placement in special education programs
62
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children
is a culturally fair standardized test that assesses intelligence and achievement
63
Mental retardation
significant impairment in cognitive functioning and two or more adaptive behaviors with onset prior to age 18
64
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale
assesses personal, social, and adaptive functioning of handicapped and non handicapped
65
learning disabilities are identified through...
comparison of aptitude and achievement
66
cognitive assessment
measures how well an individual solves problems, interprets information and recalls information
67
formative assessments
provides feedback so instruction can be adjusted based on student needs
68
adaptive behavior
degree to which individual meets standards of maturation, learning, independence and responsibility for his/her age
69
summative assessment
test of how much a student has learned or not learned
70
play therapy
allowing children to act out their feelings
71
expressive speech
formation of language that is meaningful
72
receptive speech
ability to understand what is spoken
73
Diana vs Board of Education
Hispanic students cannot be placed in SPED based on results of culturally biased tests, must be tested in native language
74
Larry P. vs Riles
African American students cannot be placed in SPED based on culturally biased test
75
LRE
least restrictive environment
76
Applied Behavior Analysis
application of learning principles derived from operant conditioning used to increase or decrease specific behaviors
77
RTI
Response to intervention, strategy for determining if a student has a learning disability, student is provided with increasingly higher levels of instructional intervention and the success of the interventions is assessed
78
functional behavior assesssment
a behavioral strategy that determines the purpose of a particular behavior
79
shared teaching
both teachers deliver the lesson together
80
alternative teaching
one teacher pulls out small group
81
station teaching
uses learning centers
82
cooperative learning
small groups use various instructional strategies
83
Winkleman vs, Parma City BOE
parents can represent kids in IDEA cases
84
Honig vs. Doe
Students may not be expelled for misbehavior caused by disability
85
PARC vs. commonwealth of PA
FAPE for all kids 6-21 regardless of degree of impairment
86
IDEA Improvement Act 2004
changes designed to increase standards and accountability in line with NCLB, required highly qualified teachers
87
Oberti vs BOE
cannot exclude kids from LRE because they require modifications
88
1990 amendments to IDEA
replaced "handicapped" with "disabilities", required transition plans for kids over 16
89
1986 amendments to IDEA
extended IDEA to preschoolers, IFSP
90
Goals 2000: Educate America Act
ensures all students meet their maximum potential by providing resources to communities and states, became law in 1994
91
rhetorical stage of writing
students as past basic writing steps and are writing text as a whole
92
flexible grouping
groups based on learning, needs, strengths, and preferences
93
Severe intellectual disability
20-25 to 35-40
94
profound intellectual disability
Below 20-25
95
mild intellectual disability
50-55 to 70
96
when planning curriculum, NCLB requires...
techniques based on science based research be used
97
Prader-Willi
short stature, chronic hunger, low muscle tone, cognitive disabilities
98
internal time stealers
poor planning, over-commitment and procrastination
99
Non essential materials in lesson plans include..
procedural sub-points and time estimates
100
tangible reinforcers
physical objects given as rewards
101
4 phases of observational learning
attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation
102
Parity
valuing of each individual in collaboration
103
socratic method
emphasis on discovery learning
104
David Gear
addressed discalculia, cognitive and attentional issues in math
105
concept mapping
links prior information with new information
106
type of collaboration barrier caused by adherence to traditional roles and expectations
conceptual
107
fetal anoxia
example of perinatal disability
108
Bloom's taxonomy
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
109
BIP
behavioral intervention plan
110
Tourette's syndrome
affects brain and nervous system resulting in difficulties writing, paying attention, and overall ability to process what they hear, see , taste and smell
111
formal grouping
groups that facilitate positive interdependence, interactive information processing, individual and group accountability and practice for social skills
112
reciprocal learning
when natural dialogue uncovers a student's thinking process
113
best seating arrangement for sharing materials and collaboration
horseshoe
114
guided practice
reinforcement of material by questioning students right after presentation
115
compensatory intervention
teaching substitute skills so a students can perform a task despite a disability
116
a prosthesis is...
adaptive technology
117
authentic (aka alternative) assessment
student originates a response for a question the teacher has asked
118
a reflective practitioner...
uses self evaluation with clear descriptions, methods and strategies
119
face validity
concentrates on how valid a method is
120
uses peer pressure, reinforcement, body language and proximity to change behavior
positive classroom discipline
121
√ (1-r)
standard error of measure
122
80% of LD difficulties are...
reading problems
123
fragile x syndrome
Most common form of mental retardation, a mutation of the FMR-1 gene
124
social phobia
fear of being embarrassed publically
125
3 accommodations for students with memory difficulties
use of pictures, help kids identify cues when discussing subject, use concrete examples
126
massed practice
little or no rest between repeat performances of a skill in a short period of time.
127
5 components of measurable annual goals
the who, the behavior, the criterion, the conditions, the time frame
128
Bandura
Modeling
129
Burner
past experiences
130
Dewey
Experiencing
131
Erikson
Development
132
Gilligan
Moral development in women
133
Kohlberg
Moral development in men
134
Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
135
Piget
Cognitive development
136
Skinner
Conditioning
137
Vygotsky
Social development of learning
138
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation from an outside source.
139
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation from inside the person.
140
Metacognition
A person thinks about their own thinking.
141
Scaffolding
Instructional support provided to a student by an adult in a learning situation.
142
Schema
A concept in the mind about event, scenarios, actions, or objects from past events.
143
Gardner
Theories of 8 multiple intelligences.
144
Hidalgo
Levels of culture.
145
Canter
Discipline
146
Kounin
"With-it-ness"
147
Hunter
Direct instruction
148
Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
149
Performance Standards
Set the level of performance exception for student groups. They are generally set at the state and local levels and generally can be found on your state's department of education website or your local school district's website.
150
Content Standards
Provide expectations for the knowledge students must demonstrate.
Ex. Common Core Standards
151
When you use backward design to plan instruction, ask yourself the following three questions:
1.
2.
3.
1. What do students need to know and be able to do? (Objective w/ Blooms, standards)
2. How will you assess what students know and are able to do? (performance assessment)
3. What goes into planning a lesson? (deciding on teaching methods, engaging, differentiated instruction)
152
Distributed Cognition
A process in which two or more people work collaboratively to share ideas and solve problems together, resulting in new cognition that may not have been possible with out the other.
153
Key Terms Related to Cognition
1. Schema
2. Info Processing
3. Mapping
154
Schema
Students organized sets of facts about a concept or event can be used to help make connections between info in long term memory and new concepts and ideas
ex. learner may know a lot about puppies and and compare and contrast behaviors and attributes of other living things
155
Declarative Knowledge
Info Processing theorists help us understand that students need to know what they are learning and ways this new info fits with previous info
ex. stating lesson objectives, reviewing
156
Procedural Knowledge
The set of steps or procedures on how to do something
ex. participating in science lab, can aid cognition by establishing clear step-by-step instructions and asking to recall procedures
157
Mapping
Teachers can use concept mapping and similar graphic organizers to help students see the relationships and interrelationships among concepts and new ideas
158
Social Learning Theory
Let students talk! This means teachers needs to allow students to work in pairs and small groups
159
Examples of Social Learning Theory
1. Modeling
2. Reciprocal Determinism
3. Vicarious Learning
160
Modeling
Teachers and more capable peers provide important models for learners. In the classroom you might see the teacher sharing his or her thinking while reading a challenging vocabulary word, discussing strategies to figure out the meaning of the world
161
Reciprocal Determinism
Alfred Bandura posits that peoples behavior is controlled by the individual through internal cognitive processes and external events in the environment. In the classroom, you might see ____ in action when a child acts out based on his or her dislike of school. The teacher or administrator then responds to the students acting out by keeping him or her inside during recess, fueling the student's dislike of school further and leading the student to act out the next day.
162
Vicarious Learning
Occurs through social interaction and/or observation. Teachers can promote ____ by allowing students to work with more capable peers, mentors, or adults. Students can be reinforced or punished.
163
Constructivism
Individual learners construct or create knowledge through their interactions with the environment and others. When we tale a _____ theoretical perspective on learning, we examine the internal processes of the human learning experience
164
Key Theories from Constructivism
1. Problem Based Learning
2. Zone of Proximal Development
3. Scaffolding
4. Discovery Learning
5. Inquiry Model
165
Problem Base Learning
Activities in which students learn new info and skills while working to solve real- world problems.
ex. Find out how large dines are by drawing them to scale
166
Inquiry Model
Involves students in the process of exploring the natural and/or material world in an effort to help them discover meaning.
Ex. exploring different soils to see which type absorbs more water in science
167
Behaviorism
___ is a theoretical perspective on learning that focuses on what can be observed and measured in learning- Peoples behaviors (responses) and events in the environment that promote behavior (stimuli)
168
Terms important to Behaviorism
1. Conditioning
2. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards
3. Reinforcement
4. Punishment
169
Scope
As it relates to curriculum, Material or skill to be taught
ex. measurement
170
Sequence
As it relates to curriculum, is the order in which you teach the info
171
Standards of Learning
Teachers use to guide curriculum, and design assessments
172
Curriculum Framework
List the broad oaks of a school district, state, or school, and provide subject specific outlines of course content, standards, and performance expectations
173
Curriculum Planning
In order to plan curriculum, teachers must plan a scope and sequence for a series of units of study, align the curriculum to the district and state standards of learning, and then plan the assessment system to measure student's progress
174
Emergent Curriculum
Based primarily on the interest of children. Often used in early childhood settings. The teacher works together with family and other community members to set possible direction for a project and then determine the actual curriculum based on student interest.
175
Unit Planning
Interconnected set of lessons usually lasting two to six weeks
176
Backward Design
Designing a unit of instruction based on what students need to know and be able to do, how to assess student learning, and how to plan a series of lessons
177
Indisciplinary- Unit Instruction
Incorporates info from two or more content areas to help students see the connections and real-life links across the disciplines.
178
Thematic- Unit Instruction
A way to organize curriculum around large themes. ____ are integrated across several content areas, such as reading, social studies, math, and science. It might include topics as dinosaurs, friendship, justice, civil rights, or patterns.
179
Bandura, Albert
social or observational learning theory
180
Bruner, Jerome
discovery learning and constructivism
181
Dewey, John
learning through experience
182
Erikson, Erik
eight stages of human development
183
Gilligan, Carol
stages of the ethic of care
