QUIZZ 1 Flashcards
What’s HUMINT ?
Human intelligence = encompasses all information that can be garnered by human beings as sensors. Information can be collected by direct observation or by a verbal exchange.
What are the different techniques of HUMINT ?
- Human elementary research (HER) ;
- Specialized human research (SHR).
Human elementary research (HER)
it’s a basic method to collect information on the field. Information is collected by any military personal operating within the Area of Operation.
Specialized human research (SHR)
There are 2 types :
1) Human research with contact = management of Human Resources cooperative or not, such as prisoners.
2) Human research without contact = reconnaissance or surveillance.
The pros of HUMINT ?
- good knowledge of the human environment (resources, living conditions, motivations, intentions, environment…)
- low cost
The cons of HUMINT ?
- time limited use of HUMINT teams ;
- reliability of the information collected, possibility of intoxication ;
- need for trained linguists / interpreters ;
- highly related to the environment.
What’s INMINT ?
Imagery intelligence = encompasses all information which can be collected from images.
-> it covers all operational and technological information garnered with electro-optical sensors.
-> it requires processing and primo-analysis by trained imagery specialists.
How many different views of INMINT are there ?
3 : visible, infrared, radar
What are the pros of visible ?
high to very high resolution and easy to analyse.
What are the cons of visible ?
weather sensitive and daytime only.
What are the pros of infrared ?
day and night, able to detect activities.
What are the cons of infrared ?
humidity sensitive and very difficult to analyse.
What are the pros of radar ?
day and night, all weather and complements optical.
What are the cons of radar ?
radio sensitive and very difficult to analyse.
How many means to take images ?
4 : satellite, aircraft, UAV, soldier
What’s SIGINT ?
Signal intelligence = encompasses all information which can be collected from the electromagnetic spectrum.
It covers all operational and technical information resulting from a non-cooperative interception of electro-magnetic emissions.
It requires extensives processing and the intervention of SIGINT specialists and linguists.
SIGINT is divided into how many sub-domains ?
2 : communication intelligence (COMINT) and electronic intelligence (ELINT).
What’s COMINT ?
Information collected from audio communication and CIS
= concerns transmissions (content of communication)
What’s ELINT ?
Information collected from electromagnetic signals that are not communication carriers.
= concerns EM emissions (signal envelope).
What are the pros of SIGINT ?
- ability to intercept adverse emission and communication ;
- useful to know what going on opposite side ;
- allows to detect and analyse opponents radars, weapon systems and to eventually deceive them (EW : electronic warfare??).
What are the cons of SIGINT ?
- field, weather and passivity : enemy must emit ;
- the few mobile SIGINT teams are vulnerable ;
- technical analysis is complex and time demanding ;
- trained linguists and technical experts are mandatory.
what’s OSINT ?
This is the search for available information on the internets.
What’s “white” within OSINT ?
It concerns the information openly available that are indexed by search engines.
What’s “grey” within OSINT ?
It concerns the information available on specific websites that sometimes are not indexed.
