quizzes exam 2

Question 1

The “Rat Park” experiments demonstrated that addiction rates are powerfully determined by

Answer 1

social and environmental factors

Question 2

Drug vaccines, such as NicVax, are probably most effective at

Answer 2

preventing addiction

Question 3

Relapse is most likely induced by all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 3

decreased sensitivity of DA receptors

Question 4

Stress impacts addiction in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

Answer 4

stress increases the efficacy of addictive drugs

Question 5

The reason antagonist administration strategies are often unsuccessful is due to

Answer 5

patient non-compliance

Question 6

The mesolimbic pathway is made up of neurons that produce

Answer 6

dopamine

Question 7

The drugs used in agonist substitution protocols tend to be chosen because they

Answer 7

have longer half-lives

Question 8

The use of Chantix to help people stop using nicotine is an example of what kind of pharmaceutical approach?

Answer 8

partial agonist substitution

Question 9

Administration of Methadone to heroin addicts is an example of

Answer 9

agonist substitution

Question 10

Using naltrexone to treat alcohol is an example of which pharmaceutical approach?

Answer 10

antagonist administration

Question 11

To which receptor does oxycodone bind the most?

Answer 11

Mu opioid

Question 12

Suboxone is the combination of buprenorphine and

Answer 12

naloxone

Question 13

What is the primary indication for acetaminophen?

Answer 13

analgesia and antipyresis

Question 14

Which of the orders below describes the level of opiate potency, from lowest to highest?

Answer 14

opium, morphine, heroin

Question 15

The cell bodies of nociceptors are found in the

Answer 15

dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord

Question 16

Fentanyl is at least ____ times more potent than morphine

Answer 16

80 (-500x)

Question 17

WOTF nuclei is NOT a part of the descending pain modification system?

Answer 17

nucleus basalts

Question 18

Dull, diffuse pain signals are transmitted via _______ fibers

Answer 18

C

Question 19

Compared to morphine, heroin is

Answer 19

more lipid soluable

Question 20

The metabolism of codeine into morphine can be blocked by

Answer 20

SSRIs

Question 21

Nicotine might be a helpful therapeutic for the treatment of

Answer 21

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 22

Nicotine is extremely toxic when

Answer 22

taken orally

Question 23

A serious side effect of varenicline is

Answer 23

seizures

Question 24

Nicotine is an ACh

Answer 24

agonist

Question 25

Varenicline is a/an

Answer 25

nicotine partial agonist

Question 26

Caffeine is used off-label to treat migraine headaches, probably because it can

Answer 26

constrict cerebral blood vessels

Question 27

Varenicline should not be combined with alcohol bc taking the two together

Answer 27

increases the effects of alcohol

Question 28

WOTF compounds is NOT commonly found in e-cigarettes?

Answer 28

BPA

Question 29

The route of administration affects nicotine's

Answer 29

efficacy and potency

Question 30

Nicotine has a negative interaction with

Answer 30

oral contraceptives

Question 31

Compared to modafinil, methylphenidate is ______ effective for the treatment of ADHD, and ______ effective for the treatment of narcolepsy

Answer 31

equally; more

Question 32

A drug that has the same effect as adrenaline is known as a

Answer 32

Sympathomimetic

Question 33

The major pharmacodynamic mechanism of amphetamine is

Answer 33

increased release of neurotransmitters

Question 34

WOTF is NOT a serious side effect of methamphetamine use?

Answer 34

liver failure

Question 35

The primary indication of sibutramine is the treatment of

Answer 35

obesity

Question 36

Withdrawal symptoms of amphetamine dependency include all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 36

altered pain threshold

Question 37

Methamphetamine is made from amphetamine by substituting a ______ group.

Answer 37

-CH3

Question 38

Methamphetamine produces anorexigenic effects by

Answer 38

increased CART production in the hypothalamus

Question 39

The therapeutic use(s) of amphetamine is/are:

Answer 39

treatment of both narcolepsy and ADHD

Question 40

Cocaine should be used with caution in patients who have

Answer 40

cardiovascular disease

Question 41

Zolpidem is used as a sleep aid bc it has a relatively _____ half-life and ______ metabolites

Answer 41

short; inactive

Question 42

Benzodiazepines have largely replaced treatment for insomnia for the following reasons EXCEPT:

Answer 42

they are less addictive

Question 43

The most common cause of death when combining benzodiazepines with another CNS depressant is

Answer 43

respiratory depression

Question 44

Aldehyde dehydrogenase is an important enzyme in the metabolism of alcohol bc it converts _____ into _____

Answer 44

acetaldehyde; acetate

Question 45

The half-life of ethanol is determined by all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 45

amount consumed

Question 46

Temazepam is listed as pregnancy category ______

Answer 46

X

Question 47

What class of sedative is temazepam?

Answer 47

Benzodiazepine

Question 48

A reason that women have higher blood ethanol levels than men, after accounting for size/weight, is bc women have

Answer 48

lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system

Question 49

The pharmacodynamic mechanisms of naltrexone are to

Answer 49

block opiate receptors

Question 50

What % of automobile accidents that result in at least one fatality are thought to involve alcohol?

Answer 50

50%

Question 51

In the US, marijuana is currently listed under which DEA scheudule?

Answer 51

I

Question 52

In CA, marijuana was legalized for non-medical use in

Answer 52

2016

Question 53

The route of administration of Sativex is

Answer 53

Oral mucosal spray

Question 54

WOTF is NOT a primary indication of dronabinol?

Answer 54

anxiety

Question 55

The major psychoactive ingredient in the marijuana plant is:

Answer 55

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Question 56

Nabiximols is a

Answer 56

non-synthetic cannabinoid agonist

Question 57

Hashish and marijuana differ mainly in their

Answer 57

potency

Question 58

A primary indication for cannabidiol is

Answer 58

seizure reduction

Question 59

WOTF is NOT an off-label use for Epidiolex?

Answer 59

weight loss

Question 60

In the US, ______ states have legalized marijuana for either medical or recreational.

Answer 60

46

Question 61

The NMDA antagonist class of psychedelics was initially developed as

Answer 61

anesthetics

Question 62

The use of psychedelics is not recommended for people who have a history of

Answer 62

schizophrenia

Question 63

Ketamine is a/n ______ psychedelic

Answer 63

NMDA antagonist

Question 64

Mescaline is commonly derived from

Answer 64

peyote cactus

Question 65

The catecholaminelike psychedelics have major effects on the following neurotramsitters

Answer 65

serotonin and dopamine

Question 66

The molecular structure of LSD is very similar to that of

Answer 66

serotonin

Question 67

LSD is derived from

Answer 67

ergot

Question 68

What is the psychedelic class of mescaline?

Answer 68

enactogen

Question 69

WOTF is NOT a serotoninlike psychedelic?

Answer 69

PCP

Question 70

LSD has been studied as a treatment for all of the following EXCEPT:

Answer 70

cancer

Question 71

The following are all advantages of the partial-agonist substitution pharmacological approach EXCEPT:

Answer 71

blocks pleasurable effects of the drug

Question 72

The use of clonidine to treat alcohol/opiate addiction is an example of which pharmaceutical treatment strategy?

Answer 72

withdrawal maintenance

Question 73

The mesolimbic pathways begin the VTA and terminates in the

Answer 73

nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and PFC

Question 74

The biological definition of addiction states that addictive substances

Answer 74

activate the VTA pathway

Question 75

Ibuprofen is an especially good choice for

Answer 75

nursing mothers

Question 76

Combining acetaminophen w/ alcohol is dangerous bc it can result in

Answer 76

hepatotoxicity

Question 77

Vicodin is a combination of hydrocodone and

Answer 77

acetaminophen

Question 78

WOTF drugs is a good choice for "poor metabolizers" or patients with comprised liver function?

Answer 78

propoxyphene

Question 79

What type of opioid drug is pentazocine?

Answer 79

mixed agonist/antagonist

Question 80

Acetaminophen is not recommended for people who have

Answer 80

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 81

In addiction to stimulating mu opioid receptors, tapentadol also

Answer 81

blocks the NET

Question 82

Inhibition of COX-1 results in

Answer 82

upset stomach

Question 83

Caffeine is a/an

Answer 83

Adenosine antagonist

Question 84

What is the most widely abused substance in the world?

Answer 84

caffeine

Question 85

In terms of toxicity, nicotine has been compared to

Answer 85

cyanide

Question 86

The peripheral side effects of psychostimulants resemble activation of the

Answer 86

sympathetic nervous system

Question 87

An important target area in the brain for the therapeutic effects of methylphenidate is the

Answer 87

prefrontal cortex

Question 88

The excretion rate of methamphetamine is dependent upon

Answer 88

urine pH

Question 89

Who is most likely at risk of death after consuming cocaine?

Answer 89

an older adult in his 70s

Question 89

Cocaine is used medically

Answer 89

as an anesthetic

Question 90

Formication is defined as

Answer 90

the feeling of insects crawling under the skin

Question 90

What is the pharmacodynamic mechanism of methylphenidate?

Answer 90

blocks DA reuptake, increases DA release, stimulates DA receptors

Question 90

Severe acute liver toxicity can occur when alcohol is combined with

Answer 90

acetaminophen

Question 91

Ethanol is readily soluble in

Answer 91

both fat and water

Question 92

An individual's reduction in problem-solving abilities when under the influence of alcohol is probably due to

Answer 92

an increase of DA release in the frontal lobes

Question 93

Epidiolex is _______ at CB receptors

Answer 93

partial agonist

Question 94

THC can take up to 5 weeks to be completely excreted from the body bc

Answer 94

it is highly lipid soluble

Question 95

The main ROA for dronabinol is

Answer 95

oral

Question 96

the most ubiquitous receptors in the brain appear to be those responsive to

Answer 96

cannabinoids

Question 97

Marinol is a

Answer 97

synthetic cannabinoid agonist

Question 98

What is the legal status of peyote in the US?

Answer 98

it is protected under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act for use by members of the Native American Church

Question 99

PCP is a/n

Answer 99

glutamate antagonist

Question 100

A therapeutic use of scopolamine is the treatment of

Answer 100

motion sickness

Question 101

The psychedelic whose action does not directly involve serotonin, dopamine, or acetylcholine neurons is

Answer 101

PCP

Question 102

WOTF is NOT an enactogen?

Answer 102

DMT

Question 103

Methylphenidate blocks the reuptake of

Answer 103

DA and NE

Question 104

Zolpidem is a

Answer 104

non-benzodiazepine BZRA

Question 105

Myristicin is derived from

Answer 105

nutmeg